如果要在Red Hat Enterprise Linux上将.NET Core进程作为后台进程运行,则可以创建自定义systemd单元。今天我将为.NET Core编写两个自定义系统单元的例子。一个是运行.NET Core控制台应用程序的一种类型,另一个是运行ASP.NET Core Web应用程序的简单类型。
控制台应用程序
建立一个应用程序
您可以用dotnet run
在systemd中使用指定项目目录作为工作目录。但是,我们来构建一个二进制文件并将其用于systemd。用dotnet new 命令创建您的项目后编辑Program.cs如下。
1 using System; 2 using System.IO; 3 4 namespace ConsoleApplication 5 { 6 public class Program 7 { 8 public static void Main(string[] args) 9 { 10 var path = Path.GetTempFileName(); 11 File.WriteAllText(path, "Hello Temp File!"); 12 Console.WriteLine($"Wrote temp file: {path}"); 13 } 14 } 15 }
然后用dotnet publish
命令发布项目。你会看到bin/<Configuration>/<Framework>目录下的二进制文件
。
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$ dotnet publish -c Release Publishing ConsoleApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1 Project ConsoleApp (.NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation. publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish Published 1/1 projects successfully |
创建一个自定义的systemd
首先,创建一个运行守护进程和工作目录的用户。
$ sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin dotnetuser $ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample $ sudo cp /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdExample $ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdExample
然后在/etc/systemd/system/
目录下创建一个自定义的systemd单元文件。文件名应该是<unit-name>.<unit-type>
。我创建的目录和文件名为:/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service
。
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[Unit] Description=Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd DefaultDependencies=no [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=no ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser [install] |
您应该在ExecStart中指定dotnet的完整路径。以上是红帽提供的.NET Core 1.1的情况。然后你可以用systemctl
命令执行守护进程。您可以使用systemctl status
命令或journalctl
命令查看控制台输出。
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$ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service $ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service ● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:29:16 JST; 13s ago Process: 18075 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 18075 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ journalctl -u netcore-console-example.service -e Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ sudo cat /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Hello Temp File! |
使用PrivateTemp
在上述系统单元中,程序在临时文件夹下写入一个文件。你有时想写一个来自其他用户的临时文件是安全的。您可以在[Service]
section中的指定使用PrivateTemp。
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[Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=no ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser PrivateTemp=true |
重新加载单元文件后,程序可以像前一样访问/tmp
目录,但这不是实际的/tmp
目录。
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$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service $ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service ● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:35:46 JST; 12s ago Process: 18415 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 18415 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18415]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ ls /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp ls: cannot access /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp: No such file or directory |
Web应用程序
建立一个应用程序
现在我们来构建一个ASP.NET Core Web应用程序。今天我使用默认的模板项目。
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$ dotnet new -t web Created new C# project in /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp. $ dotnet restore ** snipped** log : Restore completed in 9721ms. $ dotnet publish -c Release Publishing WebApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1 ** snipped ** publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish Published 1/1 projects successfully |
现在可以用dotnet命令运行。
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$ dotnet bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/WebApp.dll info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0] User profile is available. Using ‘/home/tatanaka/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys‘ as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest. Hosting environment: Production Content root path: /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp Now listening on: http://localhost:5000 Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down. |
创建一个自定义的systemd
为这个Web应用程序也指定dotnetuser名称。
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$ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample $ sudo cp -R bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdWebExample $ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdWebExample |
然后创建一个自定义的systemd单元文件/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service
。
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[Unit] Description=Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd DefaultDependencies=no Wants=network.target # network is required After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdWebExample Restart=always RestartSec=10 # Restart service after 10 seconds if dotnet service crashes SyslogIdentifier=dotnet-example User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser PrivateTmp=true Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production # specify environment variable for environment Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://*:8080 # specify environement variable for listening port [Install] WantedBy = multi-user.target |
最后,您可以将ASP.NET Core应用程序作为Linux守护程序运行。请注意,此应用程序侦听端口8080代替了ASP.NET Core 默认的 5000,因为我在ASPNETCORE_URLS
单元文件中指定了环境变量 。
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$ systemctl start netcore-web-example.service [tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ systemc^C [tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ sudo systemctl status netcore-web-example.service [sudo] password for tatanaka: ● netcore-web-example.service - Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-02-25 01:02:12 JST; 11s ago Main PID: 7041 (dotnet) CGroup: /system.slice/netcore-web-example.service └─7041 /opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd. Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd... Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0] Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: User profile is available. Using ‘/home/dotnetuser/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys‘ as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest. Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Hosting environment: Production Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Content root path: /var/SystemdWebExample Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Now listening on: http://*:8080 Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down. $ journalctl -u netcore-web-example -xf -- Logs begin at Mon 2017-02-20 11:58:31 JST. -- Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: ‘/images/banner4.svg‘. Physical path: ‘/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/images/banner4.svg‘ Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.1973ms 200 image/svg+xml Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[1] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request starting HTTP/1.1 GET http://localhost:8080/favicon.ico Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: ‘/favicon.ico‘. Physical path: ‘/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/favicon.ico‘ Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.5824ms 200 image/x-icon |
然而这对于ASP.NET Core的生产使用来说是不够的。你可能需要设置一个反向代理服务器,比如Jexus,nginx,防火墙等等。