前言
对Oracle数据库制定一个有效的备份策略，使用RMAN做增量备份，减少每次都全备所带来的时间、系统资源和存储空间的占用，同时也尽量地减少恢复数据库的时间。
一、备份规划
二、RMAN配置
RMAN> show all; RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS; CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO ‘/home/backup/controlfile/%F‘; CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT ‘/home/backup/backup_%U‘; CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM ‘AES128‘; # default CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM ‘BASIC‘ AS OF RELEASE ‘DEFAULT‘ OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f‘; # default
三、备份脚本
3.1、0级备份脚本
#!/usr/bin/bash export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 DATE=`date +%y-%m-%d` $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=/home/scripts/rman/log/${DATE}_L0.log <<EOF run { allocate channel c1 device type disk; allocate channel c2 device type disk; sql ‘alter system archive log current‘; backup filesperset 2 incremental level 0 tag ‘level0‘ format ‘/home/backup/level0/lvl0_%d_%T_%U‘ database include current controlfile; sql ‘alter system archive log current‘; backup filesperset 2 archivelog all tag ‘arch_level0‘ format ‘/home/backup/arch/arch_lvl0_%d_%T_%U‘ delete all input; crosscheck backup; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt expired archivelog all; delete noprompt obsolete; release channel c1; release channel c2; } EOF
3.2、1级备份脚本
#!/usr/bin/bash export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 DATE=`date +%y-%m-%d` $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=/home/scripts/rman/log/${DATE}_L1.log <<EOF run { allocate channel c1 device type disk; allocate channel c2 device type disk; sql ‘alter system archive log current‘; backup filesperset 2 incremental level 1 tag ‘level1‘ format ‘/home/backup/level1/lvl1_%d_%T_%U‘ database include current controlfile; sql ‘alter system archive log current‘; backup filesperset 2 archivelog all tag ‘arch_level1‘ format ‘/home/backup/arch/arch_lvl1_%d_%T_%U‘ delete all input; crosscheck backup; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt expired archivelog all; delete noprompt obsolete; release channel c1; release channel c2; } EOF
3.3、2级备份脚本
#!/usr/bin/bash export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 DATE=`date +%y-%m-%d` $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=/home/scripts/rman/log/${DATE}_L2.log <<EOF run { allocate channel c1 device type disk; allocate channel c2 device type disk; sql ‘alter system archive log current‘; backup filesperset 2 incremental level 2 tag ‘level2‘ format ‘/home/backup/level2/lvl2_%d_%T_%U‘ database include current controlfile; sql ‘alter system archive log current‘; backup filesperset 2 archivelog all tag ‘arch_level2‘ format ‘/home/backup/arch/arch_lvl2_%d_%T_%U‘ delete all input; crosscheck backup; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt expired archivelog all; delete noprompt obsolete; release channel c1; release channel c2; } EOF
四、添加脚本到定时任务
0 2 * * 0 nohup sh /home/scripts/rman/bak/rman0.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 & 0 2 * * 1 nohup sh /home/scripts/rman/bak/rman2.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 & 0 2 * * 2 nohup sh /home/scripts/rman/bak/rman2.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 & 0 2 * * 3 nohup sh /home/scripts/rman/bak/rman1.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 & 0 2 * * 4 nohup sh /home/scripts/rman/bak/rman2.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 & 0 2 * * 5 nohup sh /home/scripts/rman/bak/rman2.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 & 0 2 * * 6 nohup sh /home/scripts/rman/bak/rman2.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 &
