Description
Input
第一行两个整数 \(R,C\) 。表示行和列，接下来 \(R\) 行，每行 \(C\) 个字符LRUD，表示左右上下。
Output
一个整数，表示最少需要修改多少个元素使得给定的循环格完美
Sample Input
3 4
RRRD
URLL
LRRR
Sample Output
2
HINT
\(1\le R,L\le 15\)
Solution
费用流。
显然，构成完美循环格的条件是每个格子入度出度都是 \(1\) 。
考虑拆点，点 \(x\) 拆成 \(x_1\) 和 \(x_2\) ，我们有 \[<S,x_1>:capacity=1;cost=0\] \[<x_2,T>:capacity=1;cost=0\]
\(\forall x, y\) 四连通，有 \[<x_1,y_2>:capacity=1;cost=原图中x是否不指向y\]
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define N 500
#define INF 2000000000
#define rep(i, a, b) for (int i = a; i <= b; i++)
const int dx[] = { 1, 0, -1, 0 }, dy[] = { 0, 1, 0, -1 };
int n, m, a[N][N];
char s[N][N];
int S, T, flow, cost;
struct edge { int u, v, c, w, next; }e[10001];
int head[N], tot = 1;
int dis[N], pre[N];
queue<int> q;
bool inq[N];
inline void insert(int u, int v, int c, int w) { e[++tot].u = u, e[tot].v = v, e[tot].c = c, e[tot].w = w, e[tot].next = head[u], head[u] = tot; }
inline void add(int u, int v, int c, int w) { insert(u, v, c, w), insert(v, u, 0, -w); }
inline bool spfa() {
rep(i, S, T) dis[i] = INF; dis[S] = 0; q.push(S);
while (!q.empty()) {
int u = q.front(); q.pop(); inq[u] = 0;
for (int i = head[u], v, w; i; i = e[i].next) if (e[i].c > 0 && dis[v = e[i].v] > dis[u] + (w = e[i].w)) {
dis[v] = dis[u] + w, pre[v] = i;
if (!inq[v]) q.push(v); inq[v] = 1;
}
}
return dis[T] != INF;
}
inline void mcf() {
int d = INF;
for (int i = T; i != S; i = e[pre[i]].u) d = min(d, e[pre[i]].c);
flow += d;
for (int i = T; i != S; i = e[pre[i]].u) e[pre[i]].c -= d, e[pre[i] ^ 1].c += d, cost += d * e[pre[i]].w;
}
int main() {
cin >> n >> m; T = n * m * 2 + 1;
rep(i, 1, n) scanf("%s", s[i] + 1);
rep(i, 1, n) rep(j, 1, m) {
if (s[i][j] == 'U') a[i][j] = 2;
else if (s[i][j] == 'R') a[i][j] = 1;
else if (s[i][j] == 'L') a[i][j] = 3;
}
rep(i, 1, n) rep(j, 1, m) {
int x1 = (i - 1) * m + j, x2 = x1 + n * m;
add(S, x1, 1, 0), add(x2, T, 1, 0);
rep(k, 0, 3) {
int ni = i + dx[k], nj = j + dy[k];
if (ni < 1) ni = n; if (ni > n) ni = 1; if (nj < 1) nj = m; if (nj > m) nj = 1;
int y1 = (ni - 1) * m + nj, y2 = y1 + n * m;
add(x1, y2, 1, (int)(k != a[i][j]));
}
}
while (spfa()) mcf(); cout << cost;
return 0;
}