基于上述分析
#2.处理版本信息 处理认证信息 处理权限信息 对用户的访问频率进行限制 self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
#2.1处理版本信息 #version代表版本 scheme代表版本管理的类 determine_version返回的是一个元祖 version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs) request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme
进入determine_version方法
def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ If versioning is being used, then determine any API version for the incoming request. Returns a two-tuple of (version, versioning_scheme) """ #versioning_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS #如果我们没有配置版本控制类,将不做版本控制 if self.versioning_class is None: return (None, None) #scheme就是版本控制的类 #versioning_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS scheme = self.versioning_class() #返回版本 和版本控制的类 return (scheme.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs), scheme)
scheme.determine_version的执行取决与我们所引用的版本控制类是哪一个
这里以常用的URLPathVersioning类来说明
class URLPathVersioning(BaseVersioning): """ To the client this is the same style as `NamespaceVersioning`. The difference is in the backend - this implementation uses Django‘s URL keyword arguments to determine the version. An example URL conf for two views that accept two different versions. urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/$‘, users_list, name=‘users-list‘), url(r‘^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$‘, users_detail, name=‘users-detail‘) ] GET /1.0/something/ HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/json """ invalid_version_message = _(‘Invalid version in URL path.‘) def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): #version_param default_version DEFAULT_VERSION 都是在settings配置 #version_param :url中获取值的key #default_version :默认版本 #ALLOWED_VERSIONS：允许的版本 version = kwargs.get(self.version_param, self.default_version) #如果version不存在,或者version不在允许访问的版本列表中 if not self.is_allowed_version(version): #抛出异常 raise exceptions.NotFound(self.invalid_version_message) #返回版本 return version
is_allowed_version方法
#判断是否能访问当前版本 def is_allowed_version(self, version): if not self.allowed_versions: return True #version存在并且等于默认版本或者version在允许访问的版本中 #返回True or Fasle return ((version is not None and version == self.default_version) or (version in self.allowed_versions))
到这里我们获取到了具体访问的版本和控制版本的类
回到最开始
#2.1处理版本信息 #version代表版本 scheme代表版本管理的类 determine_version返回的是一个元祖 version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs) request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme
我们将version 和scheme封装在request中如果我们访问的版本符合要求我们可以通过调用
request.version, request.versioning_scheme 来获得版本号和控制版本的类
BaseVersioning所有版本控制类都要继承的基类
class BaseVersioning(object): default_version = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSION allowed_versions = api_settings.ALLOWED_VERSIONS version_param = api_settings.VERSION_PARAM def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): msg = ‘{cls}.determine_version() must be implemented.‘ raise NotImplementedError(msg.format( cls=self.__class__.__name__ )) def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra): return _reverse(viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra) #判断是否能访问当前版本 def is_allowed_version(self, version): if not self.allowed_versions: return True #version存在并且等于默认版本或者version在允许访问的版本中 #返回True or Fasle return ((version is not None and version == self.default_version) or (version in self.allowed_versions))
例子
a. 基于url的get传参方式(应用QueryParameterVersioning)
class QueryParameterVersioning(BaseVersioning): """ GET /something/?version=0.1 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/json """ invalid_version_message = _(‘Invalid version in query parameter.‘) def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): version = request.query_params.get(self.version_param, self.default_version) if not self.is_allowed_version(version): raise exceptions.NotFound(self.invalid_version_message) return version def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra): url = super(QueryParameterVersioning, self).reverse( viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra ) if request.version is not None: return replace_query_param(url, self.version_param, request.version) return url
如：/users?version=v1
REST_FRAMEWORK = { ‘DEFAULT_VERSION‘: ‘v1‘, # 默认版本 ‘ALLOWED_VERSIONS‘: [‘v1‘, ‘v2‘], # 允许的版本 ‘VERSION_PARAM‘: ‘version‘ # URL中获取值的key }
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^test/‘, TestView.as_view(),name=‘test‘), ] urls.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning class TestView(APIView): versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 获取版本 print(request.version) # 获取版本管理的类 print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse(‘test‘, request=request) print(reverse_url) return Response(‘GET请求，响应内容‘) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘POST请求，响应内容‘) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘PUT请求，响应内容‘)
b. 基于url的正则方式
如：/v1/users/
REST_FRAMEWORK = { ‘DEFAULT_VERSION‘: ‘v1‘, # 默认版本 ‘ALLOWED_VERSIONS‘: [‘v1‘, ‘v2‘], # 允许的版本 ‘VERSION_PARAM‘: ‘version‘ # URL中获取值的key }
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/test/‘, TestView.as_view(), name=‘test‘), ]
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning class TestView(APIView): versioning_class = URLPathVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 获取版本 print(request.version) # 获取版本管理的类 print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse(‘test‘, request=request) print(reverse_url) return Response(‘GET请求，响应内容‘) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘POST请求，响应内容‘) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘PUT请求，响应内容‘)
这种方式传参url写法源码有说明(URLPathVersioning)：
class BaseVersioning(object): default_version = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSION allowed_versions = api_settings.ALLOWED_VERSIONS version_param = api_settings.VERSION_PARAM def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): msg = ‘{cls}.determine_version() must be implemented.‘ raise NotImplementedError(msg.format( cls=self.__class__.__name__ )) def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra): return _reverse(viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra) #判断是否能访问当前版本 def is_allowed_version(self, version): if not self.allowed_versions: return True #version存在并且等于默认版本或者version在允许访问的版本中 #返回True or Fasle return ((version is not None and version == self.default_version) or (version in self.allowed_versions))
class URLPathVersioning(BaseVersioning): """ To the client this is the same style as `NamespaceVersioning`. The difference is in the backend - this implementation uses Django‘s URL keyword arguments to determine the version. An example URL conf for two views that accept two different versions. urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/$‘, users_list, name=‘users-list‘), url(r‘^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$‘, users_detail, name=‘users-detail‘) ] GET /1.0/something/ HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/json """ invalid_version_message = _(‘Invalid version in URL path.‘) def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): #version_param default_version DEFAULT_VERSION 都是在settings配置 #version_param :url中获取值的key #default_version :默认版本 #ALLOWED_VERSIONS：允许的版本 version = kwargs.get(self.version_param, self.default_version) #如果version不存在,或者version不在允许访问的版本列表中 if not self.is_allowed_version(version): #抛出异常 raise exceptions.NotFound(self.invalid_version_message) #返回版本 return version def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra): if request.version is not None: kwargs = {} if (kwargs is None) else kwargs kwargs[self.version_param] = request.version return super(URLPathVersioning, self).reverse( viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra )
c. 基于 accept 请求头方式
如：Accept: application/json; version=1.0
REST_FRAMEWORK = { ‘DEFAULT_VERSION‘: ‘v1‘, # 默认版本 ‘ALLOWED_VERSIONS‘: [‘v1‘, ‘v2‘], # 允许的版本 ‘VERSION_PARAM‘: ‘version‘ # URL中获取值的key }
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^test/‘, TestView.as_view(), name=‘test‘), ]
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.versioning import AcceptHeaderVersioning class TestView(APIView): versioning_class = AcceptHeaderVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 获取版本 HTTP_ACCEPT头 print(request.version) # 获取版本管理的类 print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse(‘test‘, request=request) print(reverse_url) return Response(‘GET请求，响应内容‘) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘POST请求，响应内容‘) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘PUT请求，响应内容‘)
基于版本控制类AcceptHeaderVersioning
class AcceptHeaderVersioning(BaseVersioning): """ GET /something/ HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/json; version=1.0 """ invalid_version_message = _(‘Invalid version in "Accept" header.‘) def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): media_type = _MediaType(request.accepted_media_type) version = media_type.params.get(self.version_param, self.default_version) version = unicode_http_header(version) if not self.is_allowed_version(version): raise exceptions.NotAcceptable(self.invalid_version_message) return version # We don‘t need to implement `reverse`, as the versioning is based # on the `Accept` header, not on the request URL.
d. 基于主机名方法
如：v1.example.com
ALLOWED_HOSTS = [‘*‘] REST_FRAMEWORK = { ‘DEFAULT_VERSION‘: ‘v1‘, # 默认版本 ‘ALLOWED_VERSIONS‘: [‘v1‘, ‘v2‘], # 允许的版本 ‘VERSION_PARAM‘: ‘version‘ # URL中获取值的key }
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^test/‘, TestView.as_view(), name=‘test‘), ]
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.versioning import HostNameVersioning class TestView(APIView): versioning_class = HostNameVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 获取版本 print(request.version) # 获取版本管理的类 print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse(‘test‘, request=request) print(reverse_url) return Response(‘GET请求，响应内容‘) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘POST请求，响应内容‘) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘PUT请求，响应内容‘)
引用的的版本控制类
class HostNameVersioning(BaseVersioning): """ GET /something/ HTTP/1.1 Host: v1.example.com Accept: application/json """ hostname_regex = re.compile(r‘^([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+$‘) invalid_version_message = _(‘Invalid version in hostname.‘) def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): hostname, separator, port = request.get_host().partition(‘:‘) match = self.hostname_regex.match(hostname) if not match: return self.default_version version = match.group(1) if not self.is_allowed_version(version): raise exceptions.NotFound(self.invalid_version_message) return version # We don‘t need to implement `reverse`, as the hostname will already be # preserved as part of the REST framework `reverse` implementation.
e. 基于django路由系统的namespace
如：example.com/v1/users/
REST_FRAMEWORK = { ‘DEFAULT_VERSION‘: ‘v1‘, # 默认版本 ‘ALLOWED_VERSIONS‘: [‘v1‘, ‘v2‘], # 允许的版本 ‘VERSION_PARAM‘: ‘version‘ # URL中获取值的key }
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^v1/‘, ([ url(r‘test/‘, TestView.as_view(), name=‘test‘), ], None, ‘v1‘)), url(r‘^v2/‘, ([ url(r‘test/‘, TestView.as_view(), name=‘test‘), ], None, ‘v2‘)), ]
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.versioning import NamespaceVersioning class TestView(APIView): versioning_class = NamespaceVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 获取版本 print(request.version) # 获取版本管理的类 print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse(‘test‘, request=request) print(reverse_url) return Response(‘GET请求，响应内容‘) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘POST请求，响应内容‘) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response(‘PUT请求，响应内容‘)
引用的版本控制类NamespaceVersioning
class NamespaceVersioning(BaseVersioning): """ To the client this is the same style as `URLPathVersioning`. The difference is in the backend - this implementation uses Django‘s URL namespaces to determine the version. An example URL conf that is namespaced into two separate versions # users/urls.py urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^/users/$‘, users_list, name=‘users-list‘), url(r‘^/users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$‘, users_detail, name=‘users-detail‘) ] # urls.py urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^v1/‘, include(‘users.urls‘, namespace=‘v1‘)), url(r‘^v2/‘, include(‘users.urls‘, namespace=‘v2‘)) ] GET /1.0/something/ HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/json """ invalid_version_message = _(‘Invalid version in URL path. Does not match any version namespace.‘) def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): resolver_match = getattr(request, ‘resolver_match‘, None) if resolver_match is None or not resolver_match.namespace: return self.default_version # Allow for possibly nested namespaces. possible_versions = resolver_match.namespace.split(‘:‘) for version in possible_versions: if self.is_allowed_version(version): return version raise exceptions.NotFound(self.invalid_version_message) def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra): if request.version is not None: viewname = self.get_versioned_viewname(viewname, request) return super(NamespaceVersioning, self).reverse( viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra ) def get_versioned_viewname(self, viewname, request): return request.version + ‘:‘ + viewname
