浅谈辄止WCF：完成最基本的WCF项目（1）

时间：2018-02-23 17:07:39 阅读：170 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

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Windows Communication Foundation(WCF)是由微软开发的一系列支持数据通信的应用程序框架，可以翻译为Windows 通讯开发平台。

WCF的所有服务都会公开契约。契约包含以下四种类型

1.服务契约

2.数据契约

3.错误契约

4.消息契约

今天主要介绍服务契约实现WCF项目，服务契约描述了客户端能够执行的服务操作。

项目结构截图：

技术分享图片

1.定义和实现服务契约

通过将ServiceContractAttribute属性标记到接口或者类型上。遵循了面向服务的原则，所有的契约必须要明确要求：只有接口和类可以标记为Servicecontract属性，从而为WCF服务，即便标记了ServiceContract属性，类的所有成员也不一定就是契约的一部分，我们必须使用OperationContract属性表明哪些方法需要暴露为WCF契约中的一部分。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace WCFServiceHosting
{
    [ServiceContract]//标记为服务，不标记则客户端无法访问
    public interface IDataExChangeService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        void ShowMsg(string str);
        //不标记不会成为契约一部分
        void ShowMsg1(string str);
    }
}

需要一个类去实现这个接口，表明方法的实际作用，我们只需要去将暴露为服务的方法实现。这里只是简单的将传入的参数写入了文件

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace WCFServiceHosting
{
    [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall)]
    public class DataExChangeService : IDataExChangeService
    {
        private FileStream fs;
        public void ShowMsg(string str)
        {
            fs = new FileStream("c://Warrenwell.log//log.txt",FileMode.Create,FileAccess.ReadWrite);
            byte[] messages = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str);
            fs.Write(messages, 0, messages.Length);
            fs.Close();
        }

        public void ShowMsg1(string str)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

2.托管

wcf服务不能凭空存在，每个服务都必须托管到windows进程中，该进程叫做宿主进程。

我们这里使用自托管，我们托管到windows窗体应用程序中，托管应用程序配置文件通常会列出所有希望托管和公开的服务类型

      <services>
         <service name="WCFServiceHosting.DataExChangeService">
           <host>
              <baseAddresses>
                  <add baseAddress="http://192.168.0.44:8002/ReceiveMessage/"/>
              </baseAddresses>
           </host>
           <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WCFServiceHosting.IDataExChangeService" />
           <endpoint contract="IMetadataExchange" binding="mexHttpBinding" address="mex" />
         </service>
     </services>

在windows窗体应用程序中托管服务的代码为

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WCFServiceHosting
{
    public partial class ServiceHostHandler:ServiceBase
    {
        private ServiceHost host;
        private System.Timers.Timer timer = new System.Timers.Timer();
        private const int timerInterval = 1000;
        public ServiceHostHandler()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                if (host != null)
                {
                    host.Close();
                }
                host = new ServiceHost(typeof(DataExChangeService));
                host.Open();
                timer.Interval = timerInterval;
                timer.Start();
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            try
            {
                if (timer.Enabled)
                {
                    timer.Close();
                    timer.Dispose();
                }
                if (host != null)
                {
                    host.Close();
                    host = null;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
    }
}

最后在窗体程序的program.cs文件中设置为启动这个窗体程序，由于服务托管于此窗体程序中，所以相当于启动了服务

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WCFServiceHosting
{
    static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            ServiceBase[] serviceToRun;
            serviceToRun = new ServiceBase[]
            {
                new ServiceHostHandler()
            };
            ServiceBase.Run(serviceToRun);
        }
    }
}

3.将程序做成服务安装到服务器中

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Configuration.Install;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WCFServiceHosting
{
    [RunInstaller(true)]
    public partial class ProjectInstaller : System.Configuration.Install.Installer
    {
        public ProjectInstaller()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

namespace WCFServiceHosting
{
    partial class ProjectInstaller
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        /// <summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.serviceProcessInstaller = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceProcessInstaller();
            this.serviceInstaller = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller();
            // 
            // serviceProcessInstaller
            // 
            this.serviceProcessInstaller.Account = System.ServiceProcess.ServiceAccount.LocalSystem;
            this.serviceProcessInstaller.Password = null;
            this.serviceProcessInstaller.Username = null;
            // 
            // serviceInstaller
            // 
            this.serviceInstaller.Description = "Exchange data with Hospital Information System.";
            this.serviceInstaller.DisplayName = "123";//服务名字
            this.serviceInstaller.ServiceName = "ReceiveMessage";
            this.serviceInstaller.StartType = System.ServiceProcess.ServiceStartMode.Automatic;
            // 
            // ProjectInstaller
            // 
            this.Installers.AddRange(new System.Configuration.Install.Installer[] {
            this.serviceProcessInstaller,
            this.serviceInstaller});
        }

        #endregion
        private System.ServiceProcess.ServiceProcessInstaller serviceProcessInstaller;
        private System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller serviceInstaller;
    }
}