Tomcat是由Apache软件基金会下属的Jakarta项目开发的一个Servlet容器，按照
Sun Microsystems提供的技术规范，实现了对Servlet和JavaServer Page（JSP）
的支持，并提供了作为Web服务器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平台、
安全局管理和Tomcat阀等。由于Tomcat本身也内含了一个HTTP服务器，它也可
以被视作一个单独的Web服务器。但是，不能将Tomcat和Apache Web服务器混
淆，Apache Web Server是一个用C语言实现的HTTP web server；这两个HTTP
web server不是捆绑在一起的。Apache Tomcat包含了一个配置管理工具，也可
以通过编辑XML格式的配置文件来进行配置。 摘自-wiki
规划
apache + mod_jk / mod_proxy 172.16.43.1(salve1.king.com)
jdk , tomcat 172.16.43.2(salve2.king.com)
jdk , tomcat 172.16.43.3(salve2.king.com)
1 .基本配置 jdk , tomcat (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com)
i) 准备jdk , tomcat的bin包
jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz
#
ii) 安装配置jdk
rpm -ivh jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
# 退出编辑后重新执行该脚本导出环境变量
. /etc/profile.d/java.sh
java --version
# 可以看到如下信息
[root@slave2 ~]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_09"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_09-b05)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.5-b02, mixed mode)
# 最后利用javac编译helloworld确保成功
vim Hello.java
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello Wolrd");
}
}
# 编译java代码
javac Hello.java
# 运行java代码 , 注意这里是 类名
java Hello
iii) 配置安装tomcat
tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local
ln -sv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.42 /usr/local/tomcat
#
vim /etc/init.d/tomcat
#!/bin/sh
# Tomcat init script for Linux.
#
# chkconfig: 2345 96 14
# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.
# JAVA_OPTS=‘-Xms64m -Xmx128m‘
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
#
case $1 in
start)
exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
stop)
exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;;
restart)
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop
sleep 2
exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
;;
esac
#
# 编辑完毕后添加tomcat服务开机启动
chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat
chkconfig --add tomcat
chkconfig tomcat on
service tomcat start# 测试不改任何配置文件,tomcat默认监听在8080端口,直接访问
2. 反代配置 apache + mod_jk(ajp) / mod_proxy(ajp , http) + tomcat
i) 准备apache , tomcat-connectors(mod_jk)的源码包 (salve1.king.com) # mod_proxy是apache的原生模块 httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2 tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz
ii) 安装配置apache基于mod_jk(ajp协议)的反向代理 (salve1.king.com)
编译需要依赖 pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2 apr-1.5.0.bz2 apr-util-1.5.3.bz2
按需进行依次编译安装
tar xf pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2
cd pcre-devel-7.8-6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make && make install
#
tar xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2
cd apr-1.5.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
#
tar xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2
cd apr-util-1.5.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
#
# 安装之前请确保系统之前预装的httpd已被卸载
rpm -e httpd --nodeps
tar xf httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2
cd httpd-2.4.9
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog
make && make install
#
# 编辑/etc/httpd/httpd.conf，添加如下行即可：
PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid" # 32行
# 将如下模块启动,否则无法启动httpd
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so #128
#
# 启动脚本如下 vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible # server implementing the current HTTP standards.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
#
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
INITLOG_ARGS=""
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl # 修改apachectl路径
httpd=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd # 修改httpd bin路径
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=6
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
# Force LSB behaviour from killproc
LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
failure $"httpd shutdown"
fi
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
force-reload|reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
RETVAL=2
esac
exit $RETVAL
#
# 而后为此脚本赋予执行权限：
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
#
# 加入服务列表：
chkconfig --add httpd
#
# mod_jk安装配置
tar xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz
cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/
./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
make && make install
#
# 启动httpd
service httpd start# httpd安装好后需要观察如下模块是否已经就绪
iii) mod_jk(ajp协议)反代tomcat示例 (slave1.king.com) vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf # Load the mod_jk LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel debug JkMount /* tomcat1 JkMount /status/ stat1 # vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties worker.list=tomcat1,stat1 worker.tomcat1.port=8009 worker.tomcat1.host=172.16.43.2 worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13 worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1 worker.stat1.type = status # vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf DirectoryIndex index.jsp # 249行 Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf # 446行 # vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com) <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"> # 103行 # 两个节点分别重启 httpd , tomcat 服务
# 测试, 此时基本的反代及status页面已经可以访问
iv) mod_proxy(http协议 , ajp协议)反代tomcat示例 (salve1.king.com)
# 在httpd.conf的全局配置段(Directory)或虚拟主机(VirtualHost)中添加如下内容：
ProxyVia Off
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy *>
Require all granted
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / ajp://172.16.43.2:8009/
ProxyPassReverse / ajp://172.16.43.2:8009/
<Location / >
Require all granted
</Location>
#
# apache跟Tomcat的http连接器进行整合：
ProxyVia Off
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPass / http://172.16.100.2:8080/
ProxyPassReverse / http://172.16.100.2:8080/
<Proxy *>
Require all granted
</Proxy>
<Location / >
Require all granted
</Location>
#
# 基于session绑定均衡反代
ProxyRequests Off
<proxy balancer://lbcluster>
BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.1:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat1
BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.2:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat2
</proxy>
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.king.com
ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster/ stickysession=JSESSIONID
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster/
</VirtualHost>
#
# 为tomcat建立新的webapp用于测试 (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com)
vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Context path="/testsession" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/testsession" /> # 140行
#
# 测试页面 (slave2.king.com)
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>tomcat1</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">tomcat1.king.com</font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("king.com","king.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
#
# 测试页面 (salve3,king.com)
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>tomcat2</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">tomcat2.king.com</font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("king.com","king.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html># 测试, 使用不同浏览器将访问落在不同节点上,反复刷新不变则证明sticksession成功
本文出自 “Apprentice” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://apprentice.blog.51cto.com/2214645/1409339
tomcat的部署及session绑定反代,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文地址：http://apprentice.blog.51cto.com/2214645/1409339
