Django默认的Middleware有七个
:
MIDDLEWARE = [ ‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘, ‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘, ‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘, ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘, ‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘, ‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘, ‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘, ]
流程
process_request -->返回第一个 -->process_view-->view函数-->process_exception-->返回最后一个-->process_response
自定义中间件
中间件最多有五个方法
process_request
process_view
process_exception
process_response
procrss_template——response
process_request,process_response
当用户发起请求的时候会依次经过所有的的中间件,这个时候的请求时process_request,最后到达views的函数中,views函数处理后,在依次穿过中间件,这个时候是process_response,最后返回给请求者。
上述截图中的中间件都是django中的,我们也可以自己定义一个中间件,我们可以自己写一个类,但是必须继承MiddlewareMixin
需要导入
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
in views:
def index(request): print("view函数...") return HttpResponse("OK")
in Mymiddlewares.py:
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class Md1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md1请求") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md1返回") return response class Md2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md2请求") #return HttpResponse("Md2中断") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md2返回") return response
结果:
Md1请求
Md2请求
view函数...
Md2返回
Md1返回
注意:如果当请求到达请求2的时候直接不符合条件返回,即return HttpResponse("Md2中断"),程序将把请求直接发给中间件2返回,然后依次返回到请求者,结果如下:
Md1请求
Md2请求
Md2返回
Md1返回
process_view
process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)
Mymiddlewares.py修改如下
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class Md1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md1请求") #return HttpResponse("Md1中断") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md1返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): print("Md1view") class Md2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md2请求") return HttpResponse("Md2中断") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md2返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): print("Md2view")
结果如下:
Md1请求
Md2请求
Md1view
Md2view
view函数...
Md2返回
Md1返回
最后一个中间的process_request到达路由关系映射之后,返回到中间件1的process_view,然后依次往下,到达views函数,最后通过process_response依次返回到达用户。
process_view可以用来调用视图函数:
class Md1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md1请求") #return HttpResponse("Md1中断") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md1返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): # return HttpResponse("hello") response=callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs) return response
结果如下:
Md1请求
Md2请求
view函数...
Md2返回
Md1返回
注意:process_view如果有返回值,会越过其他的process_view以及视图函数,但是所有的process_response都还会执行。
process_exception
process_exception(self, request, exception)
示例修改如下:
class Md1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md1请求") #return HttpResponse("Md1中断") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md1返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): # return HttpResponse("hello") # response=callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs) # return response print("md1 process_view...") def process_exception(self): print("md1 process_exception...") class Md2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md2请求") # return HttpResponse("Md2中断") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md2返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): print("md2 process_view...") def process_exception(self): print("md1 process_exception...")
结果如下:
Md1请求
Md2请求
md1 process_view...
md2 process_view...
view函数...
Md2返回
Md1返回
流程图如下:
当views出现错误时:
将md2的process_exception修改如下:
def process_exception(self,request,exception): print("md2 process_exception...") return HttpResponse("error")
结果如下:
Md1请求
Md2请求
md1 process_view...
md2 process_view...
view函数...
md2 process_exception...
Md2返回
Md1返回
中间件之process_template_response(request, response)
process_template_response(self,request,response)
只有当views函数中返回的对象中具有render方法,是就会直接process_template_responseprocess