[nginx]location语法

location语法

location语法格式

location [=|~|~*|^~] uri {
  ....
}

location    [=|~|~*|^~]    uri               {....}
指令        匹配标识       匹配的网站地址    匹配URI后要执行的配置段

~ 与~* 的区别

location官方示例

location = / {
    [ configuration A ]
}
 
location / {
    [ configuration B ]
}
 
location /documents/ {
    [ configuration C ]
}
 
location ^~ /images/ {
    [ configuration D ]
}
 
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
    [ configuration E ]
}

• 说明

"/"                         请求将匹配配置A，
"/index.html"               请求将匹配配置B，
"/documents/document.html"  请求将匹配配置C，
"/images/1.gif"             请求将匹配配置D，
"/documents/1.jpg"          请求将匹配配置E.

按匹配顺序

location = / {                  # 精确匹配 /
    [ configuration A ]
}

location ^~ /images/ {          # 匹配常规字符串，不做正则表达式匹配检查
    [ configuration D ]
}

location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ { # 正则匹配
    [ configuration E ]
}

location /documents/ {          # 匹配常规字符串，如果有正则，则优先匹配正则
    [ configuration C ]
}

location / {                    # 所有location 都不能匹配后的默认匹配
    [ configuration B ]
}

• 不同uri及特殊字符组合匹配的顺序说明

测试location的访问

修改返回值

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.maotai.com maotai.com;
        root   html;
        location / {
            return 401;
        }
        location = / {
            return 402;
        }
        location /documents/ {
            return 403;
        }
        location ^~ /images/ {
            return 404;
        }
        location ~* \.（gif|jpg|jpeg）$ {
            return 500;
        }
        access_log logs/access_www.log main;
    }

[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com/documents
401
[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com
402
[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com/documents/
403
[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com/images/1.jpg
404
[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com/documents/ss.jpg
500