Description:
Count the number of prime numbers less than a non-negative number, n
References:
Credits:
Special thanks to @mithmatt for adding this problem and creating all test cases.
计数出小于非负整数n的质数数量。质数(prime number)又称素数,有无限个。质数定义为在大于1的自然数中,除了1和它本身以外不再有其他因数。
解法:埃拉托斯特尼筛法 Sieve of Eratosthenes
如果一个数是另一个数的倍数,那这个数肯定不是质数。利用这个性质,可以建立一个质数数组,从2开始将素数的倍数都标注为不是质数。第一轮将4、6、8等表为非质数,然后遍历到3,发现3没有被标记为非质数,则将6、9、12等标记为非质数,一直到N为止,再数一遍质数数组中有多少质数。
Java:
public class Solution { public int countPrimes(int n) { boolean[] prime = new boolean[n]; Arrays.fill(prime, true); for(int i = 2; i < n; i++){ if(prime[i]){ // 将i的2倍、3倍、4倍...都标记为非素数 for(int j = i * 2; j < n; j = j + i){ prime[j] = false; } } } int count = 0; for(int i = 2; i < n; i++){ if(prime[i]) count++; } return count; } }
Python:
class Solution: # @param {integer} n # @return {integer} def countPrimes(self, n): isPrime = [True] * max(n, 2) isPrime[0], isPrime[1] = False, False x = 2 while x * x < n: if isPrime[x]: p = x * x while p < n: isPrime[p] = False p += x x += 1 return sum(isPrime)
Python:
class Solution(object): def countPrimes(self, n): """ :type n: int :rtype: int """ if n <= 2: return 0 vis = [False] * n for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1): if vis[i]: continue j = i while j * i < n: vis[j * i] = True j += 1 ans = 0 for i in range(2, n): if not vis[i]: ans += 1 return ans
C++:
class Solution { public: int countPrimes(int n) { if(!n||n==1) return 0; vector<bool> isPrime(n,true); // Loop‘s ending condition is i * i < n instead of i < sqrt(n) // to avoid repeatedly calling an expensive function sqrt(). for(int i=2;i*i<n;++i) { if(!isPrime[i]) continue; //填表起点i*i,如3*3,因为3*2已填,步长+i for(int j=i*i;j<n;j+=i) { isPrime[j]=false; } } int count=0; for(int i=2;i<n;++i) { if(isPrime[i]) ++count; } return count; } };