xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，至今很多公司系统的接口还主要是xml。
xml格式如xml_test文件，通过<>节点来区别数据结构。
<data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year updated="yes">2009</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /> <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /> </country> <country name="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <year updated="yes">2012</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" /> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year updated="yes">2012</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /> <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /> </country> </data>
| xml文档读取遍历 |
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("xml_test") # 打开文件 root = tree.getroot() # print(root) # 输出：<Element ‘data‘ at 0x1019b2a48> print(root.tag) # 输出：data #遍历xml文档 for child in root: # print(child.tag, child.attrib) print(‘-------‘,child.tag,child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.text) """ 输出：------- country {‘name‘: ‘Liechtenstein‘} rank 2 year 2008 gdppc 141100 neighbor None neighbor None """ #只遍历year 节点 for node in root.iter(‘year‘): print(node.tag,node.text) """ 输出：year 2008 year 2011 year 2011 """
| xml增删改 |
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("xml_test") root = tree.getroot() # f.seek(0) # 修改 for node in root.iter(‘year‘): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("updated","yes") # 添加属性 tree.write("xml_test") # 删除node for country in root.findall(‘country‘): rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write(‘output.xml‘)
| xml自动创建 |
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET root = ET.Element("namelist") # root name = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"}) # 在root下创建name节点，内容为"enrolled":"yes" age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex") sex.text = ‘male‘ # 性别 name2 = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"}) age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age") age.text = ‘19‘ et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文档对象 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True) # 写入文档 ET.dump(root) #打印生成的格式
