标签：create 声明 视图 inf linked ice ons color time()
快速实例: 点击查看官方文档
开发我们的Web API的第一件事是为我们的Web API提供一种将代码片段实例序列化和反序列化为诸如json之类的表示形式的方式。我们可以通过声明与Django forms非常相似的序列化器（serializers）来实现。
models部分:
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=32) price=models.IntegerField() pub_date=models.DateField() publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish") authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author") def __str__(self): return self.title class Publish(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) email=models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) age=models.IntegerField() def __str__(self): return self.name
views部分：
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from .models import * from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse from django.core import serializers from rest_framework import serializers class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer): title=serializers.CharField(max_length=32) price=serializers.IntegerField() pub_date=serializers.DateField() publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name") #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField() def get_authors(self,obj): temp=[] for author in obj.authors.all(): temp.append(author.name) return temp class BookViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): book_list=Book.objects.all() # 序列化方式1: # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict # import json # data=[] # for obj in book_list: # data.append(model_to_dict(obj)) # print(data) # return HttpResponse("ok") # 序列化方式2: # data=serializers.serialize("json",book_list) # return HttpResponse(data) # 序列化方式3: bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True) return Response(bs.data)
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Book
fields="__all__"
depth=1
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False) if bs.is_valid(): # print(bs.validated_data) bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Book fields="__all__" # exclude = [‘authors‘,] # depth=1 def create(self, validated_data): authors = validated_data.pop(‘authors‘) obj = Book.objects.create(**validated_data) obj.authors.add(*authors) return obj
class BookDetailViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,pk): book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=BookSerializers(book_obj) return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,pk): book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): publish= serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField( view_name=‘publish_detail‘, lookup_field="publish_id", lookup_url_kwarg="pk") class Meta: model=Book fields="__all__" #depth=1
urls部分：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^books/$‘, views.BookViewSet.as_view(),name="book_list"), url(r‘^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$‘, views.BookDetailViewSet.as_view(),name="book_detail"), url(r‘^publishers/$‘, views.PublishViewSet.as_view(),name="publish_list"), url(r‘^publishers/(?P<pk>\d+)$‘, views.PublishDetailViewSet.as_view(),name="publish_detail"),] |
上一节的视图部分：
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from .models import * from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse from django.core import serializers from rest_framework import serializers class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Book fields="__all__" #depth=1 class PublshSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Publish fields="__all__" depth=1 class BookViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): book_list=Book.objects.all() bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={‘request‘: request}) return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): print(request.data) bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False) if bs.is_valid(): print(bs.validated_data) bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors) class BookDetailViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,pk): book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,context={‘request‘: request}) return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,pk): book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data,context={‘request‘: request}) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors) class PublishViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): publish_list=Publish.objects.all() bs=PublshSerializers(publish_list,many=True,context={‘request‘: request}) return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): bs=PublshSerializers(data=request.data,many=False) if bs.is_valid(): # print(bs.validated_data) bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors) class PublishDetailViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,pk): publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,context={‘request‘: request}) return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,pk): publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,data=request.data,context={‘request‘: request}) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
通过使用mixin类编写视图：
from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
通过使用mixin类，我们使用更少的代码重写了这些视图，但我们还可以再进一步。REST框架提供了一组已经混合好（mixed-in）的通用视图，我们可以使用它来简化我们的views.py模块。
from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers class BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublshSerializers class PublishDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublshSerializers
在app01.service.auth.py:
class Authentication(BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self,request): token=request._request.GET.get("token") token_obj=UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first() if not token_obj: raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败!") return (token_obj.user,token_obj)
在views.py：
def get_random_str(user): import hashlib,time ctime=str(time.time()) md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8")) md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8")) return md5.hexdigest() from app01.service.auth import * from django.http import JsonResponse class LoginViewSet(APIView): authentication_classes = [Authentication,] def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): res={"code":1000,"msg":None} try: user=request._request.POST.get("user") pwd=request._request.POST.get("pwd") user_obj=UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first() print(user,pwd,user_obj) if not user_obj: res["code"]=1001 res["msg"]="用户名或者密码错误" else: token=get_random_str(user) UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user_obj,defaults={"token":token}) res["token"]=token except Exception as e: res["code"]=1002 res["msg"]=e return JsonResponse(res,json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii":False})
settings.py配置如下：
|
1
2
3
|
REST_FRAMEWORK={ "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",]} |
在app01.service.permissions.py中：
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission class SVIPPermission(BasePermission): message="SVIP才能访问!" def has_permission(self, request, view): if request.user.user_type==3: return True return False
在views.py：
from app01.service.permissions import *
class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
permission_classes = [SVIPPermission,]
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers
settings.py配置如下：
|
1
2
3
4
|
REST_FRAMEWORK={ "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",], "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",]} |
Django 之 REST-framework 框架基本组件
标签：create 声明 视图 inf linked ice ons color time()
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/bigtreei/p/8746702.html
