标签:def struct ble || mat void ati 相同 lis
HashMap和Hashtable的底层实现都是数组+链表结构实现的,这点上完全一致
添加、删除、获取元素时都是先计算hash,根据hash和table.length计算index也就是table数组的下标,然后进行相应操作,下面以HashMap为例说明下它的简单实现
/** * HashMap的默认初始容量 必须为2的n次幂 */ static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16; /** * HashMap的最大容量,可以认为是int的最大值 */ static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; /** * 默认的加载因子 */ static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; /** * HashMap用来存储数据的数组 */ transient Entry[] table;
/** * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity * (16) and the default load factor (0.75). */ public HashMap() { this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; threshold = (int)(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR); table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY]; init(); }
public V put(K key, V value) { if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value); //处理null值 int hash = hash(key.hashCode());//计算hash int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);//计算在数组中的存储位置 //遍历table[i]位置的链表,查找相同的key,若找到则使用新的value替换掉原来的oldValue并返回oldValue for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } //若没有在table[i]位置找到相同的key,则添加key到table[i]位置,新的元素总是在table[i]位置的第一个元素,原来的元素后移 modCount++; addEntry(hash, key, value, i); return null; } void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { //添加key到table[bucketIndex]位置,新的元素总是在table[bucketIndex]的第一个元素,原来的元素后移 Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex]; table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e); //判断元素个数是否达到了临界值,若已达到临界值则扩容,table长度翻倍 if (size++ >= threshold) resize(2 * table.length); }
public V get(Object key) { if (key == null) return getForNullKey();//处理null值 int hash = hash(key.hashCode());//计算hash //在table[index]遍历查找key,若找到则返回value,找不到返回null for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) return e.value; } return null; }
public V remove(Object key) { Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key); return (e == null ? null : e.value); } final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) { int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode()); int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); Entry<K,V> prev = table[i]; Entry<K,V> e = prev; while (e != null) { Entry<K,V> next = e.next; Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) { modCount++; size--; if (prev == e) table[i] = next; else prev.next = next; e.recordRemoval(this); return e; } prev = e; e = next; } return e; }
void resize(int newCapacity) { Entry[] oldTable = table; int oldCapacity = oldTable.length; if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return; } Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity]; transfer(newTable); table = newTable; threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor); } void transfer(Entry[] newTable) { Entry[] src = table; int newCapacity = newTable.length; for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) { Entry<K,V> e = src[j]; if (e != null) { src[j] = null; do { Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
//重新对每个元素计算index int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity); e.next = newTable[i]; newTable[i] = e; e = next; } while (e != null); } } }
public void clear() { modCount++; Entry[] tab = table; for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; i++) tab[i] = null; size = 0; }
public boolean containsKey(Object key) { return getEntry(key) != null; } final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) { int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode()); for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return e; } return null; }
containsValue方法就比较粗暴了,就是直接遍历所有元素直到找到value,由此可见HashMap的containsValue方法本质上和普通数组和list的contains方法没什么区别,你别指望它会像containsKey那么高效
public boolean containsValue(Object value) { if (value == null) return containsNullValue(); Entry[] tab = table; for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++) for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next) if (value.equals(e.value)) return true; return false; }
indexFor中的h & (length-1)就相当于h%length,用于计算index也就是在table数组中的下标
hash方法是对hashcode进行二次散列,以获得更好的散列值
为了更好理解这里我们可以把这两个方法简化为 int index= key.hashCode()/table.length,以put中的方法为例可以这样替换
int hash = hash(key.hashCode());//计算hash int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);//计算在数组中的存储位置 //上面这两行可以这样简化 int i = key.key.hashCode()%table.length;
static int hash(int h) { // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor). h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12); return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4); } static int indexFor(int h, int length) { return h & (length-1); }
标签:def struct ble || mat void ati 相同 lis
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sweet6/p/9031372.html