14，内置函数，和匿名函数

a = 1
b = 2
print(locals())
print(globals())
# 这两个一样，因为是在全局执行的。

#########################################华丽分割线

def func(argv):
    c = 2
    print(locals())
    print(globals())
func(3)

#这两个不一样，locals() {‘argv‘: 3, ‘c‘: 2}
#globals() {‘__doc__‘: None, ‘__builtins__‘: <module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>, ‘__cached__‘: None, ‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000024409148978>, ‘__spec__‘: None, ‘__file__‘: ‘D:/lnh.python/.../内置函数.py‘, ‘func‘: <function func at 0x0000024408CF90D0>, ‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘__package__‘: None}

print(eval(‘2+2‘))
n = 61
print(eval(‘n + 3‘))

eval(‘print(666)‘)

s = ‘‘‘
for i in [1,2,3]:
    print(i)
‘‘‘
exec(s)

‘‘‘
参数说明：　　　

1. 参数source：字符串或者AST（Abstract Syntax Trees）对象。即需要动态执行的代码段。　　

2. 参数 filename：代码文件名称，如果不是从文件读取代码则传递一些可辨认的值。当传入了source参数时，filename参数传入空字符即可。　　

3. 参数model：指定编译代码的种类，可以指定为 ‘exec’,’eval’,’single’。当source中包含流程语句时，model应指定为‘exec’；当source中只包含一个简单的求值表达式，model应指定为‘eval’；当source中包含了交互式命令语句，model应指定为‘single‘。
‘‘‘
>>> #流程语句使用exec
>>> code1 = ‘for i in range(0,10): print (i)‘
>>> compile1 = compile(code1,‘‘,‘exec‘)
>>> exec (compile1)


>>> #简单求值表达式用eval
>>> code2 = ‘1 + 2 + 3 + 4‘
>>> compile2 = compile(code2,‘‘,‘eval‘)
>>> eval(compile2)


>>> #交互语句用single
>>> code3 = ‘name = input("please input your name:")‘
>>> compile3 = compile(code3,‘‘,‘single‘)
>>> name #执行前name变量不存在
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#29>", line 1, in <module>
    name
NameError: name ‘name‘ is not defined
>>> exec(compile3) #执行时显示交互命令，提示输入
please input your name:‘pythoner‘
>>> name #执行后name变量有值
"‘pythoner‘"

‘‘‘ 源码分析
def print(self, *args, sep=‘ ‘, end=‘\n‘, file=None): # known special case of print
    """
    print(value, ..., sep=‘ ‘, end=‘\n‘, file=sys.stdout, flush=False)
    file:  默认是输出到屏幕，如果设置为文件句柄，输出到文件
    sep:   打印多个值之间的分隔符，默认为空格
    end:   每一次打印的结尾，默认为换行符
    flush: 立即把内容输出到流文件，不作缓存
    """
‘‘‘

print(111,222,333,sep=‘*‘)  # 111*222*333

print(111,end=‘‘)
print(222)  #两行的结果 111222

f = open(‘log‘,‘w‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
print(‘写入文件‘,file=f,flush=True)

print(hash(‘ddd‘))#不可哈希，可变类型
print(hash(123))#可哈希，不可变数据类型。
print(hash((1,2)))#可哈希，不可变数据类型。
print(hash(True))#可哈希，不可变数据类型。
print(hash(False))#可哈希，不可变数据类型。

a = 123 #可哈希不可变数据类型
b = 123#可哈希不可变数据类型
print(id(a))
print(id(b))

c = ‘123‘#不可哈希，可变数据类型
d = ‘123‘#不可哈希，可变数据类型
print(id(c))
print(id(d))

print(help(list))
Help on class list in module builtins:

class list(object)
 |  list() -> new empty list
 |  list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable‘s items
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __add__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self+value.
 |  
 |  __contains__(self, key, /)
 |      Return key in self.
 |  
 |  __delitem__(self, key, /)
 |      Delete self[key].
 |  
 |  __eq__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self==value.
 |  
 |  __ge__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>=value.
 |  
 |  __getattribute__(self, name, /)
 |      Return getattr(self, name).
 |  
 |  __getitem__(...)
 |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
 |  
 |  __gt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>value.
 |  
 |  __iadd__(self, value, /)
 |      Implement self+=value.
 |  
 |  __imul__(self, value, /)
 |      Implement self*=value.
 |  
 |  __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)
 |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __iter__(self, /)
 |      Implement iter(self).
 |  
 |  __le__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<=value.
 |  
 |  __len__(self, /)
 |      Return len(self).
 |  
 |  __lt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<value.
 |  
 |  __mul__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self*value.n
 |  
 |  __ne__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self!=value.
 |  
 |  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
 |      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __repr__(self, /)
 |      Return repr(self).
 |  
 |  __reversed__(...)
 |      L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list
 |  
 |  __rmul__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self*value.
 |  
 |  __setitem__(self, key, value, /)
 |      Set self[key] to value.
 |  
 |  __sizeof__(...)
 |      L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes
 |  
 |  append(...)
 |      L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end
 |  
 |  clear(...)
 |      L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L
 |  
 |  copy(...)
 |      L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L
 |  
 |  count(...)
 |      L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
 |  
 |  extend(...)
 |      L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable
 |  
 |  index(...)
 |      L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
 |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
 |  
 |  insert(...)
 |      L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index
 |  
 |  pop(...)
 |      L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
 |      Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
 |  
 |  remove(...)
 |      L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
 |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
 |  
 |  reverse(...)
 |      L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*
 |  
 |  sort(...)
 |      L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE*
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |  
 |  __hash__ = None

None

Process finished with exit code 0