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Asible常用的模块和简单的playbook使用

时间:2018-05-26 20:26:32      阅读:721      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:ansible

Ansible

作用

ansible是新出现的自动化运维工具,基于Python开发,实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。

特性

1.no agent: 不需要在被管控主机上安装任何软件
2.no server: 无服务器端,使用时直接运行命令即可
3.modules in any languages:基于模块工作,可使用任意语言开发模块,
4.使用yaml语言定制剧本playbook
5.ssh by default:基于SSH工作

优点

(1)、轻量级,无需在客户端安装agent,更新时,只需在操作机上进行一次更新即可;
(2)、批量任务执行可以写成脚本,而且不用分发到远程就可以执行;
(3)、使用python编写,维护更简单,ruby语法过于复杂;

Ansible的安装部署:

方法一:在线安装(EPEL源)

方法二:自己制作本地yum源 

[root@master ~]# yum install -y ansible

ansible的配置文件:

[root@master ~]# rpm -qc ansible
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
/etc/ansible/hosts       #主机清单Inventory文件  

写法1:
node1.ansible.com
node2.ansible.com
192.168.1.1

写法2:以组的方式

[webserver]                         
    192.168.10.1
    192.168.10.2                

[dbserver]  
    192.168.20.1
    192.168.20.2

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ansible模块

语法格式:

# ansible <PATTERN> -m <module_name> -a <arguments>

PATTERN的写法:

某一个主机组的名称      web  
所有主机               all
写IP地址或主机名
    one.example.com
    one.example.com:two.example.com             >>>支持写多个主机名,不同的主机名间使用冒号":"隔开
    192.168.1.50
    192.168.1.*                                 >>>支持通配符

‘webservers:!phoenix‘               >>>对属于webservers组中的主机,但不属于phoenix组的主机 
"webservers:&phoenix"               >>>对同时属于webservers和phoenix组中的主机进行操作 

正则表达式, 必须以~开头 
    ~(web|db).*\.example\.com

查看ansible支持的模块

[root@master ~]# ansible-doc -l

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查看模块支持的参数

[root@master ~]# ansible-doc <模块名称>

[root@master ~]# ansible-doc ping

ansible模块的说明:

[root@master ~]# ansible <pattern> -m <module_name> [-a <arguments>]

1、ping

检测被管理端是否在线

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m ping
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

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2、command

在被管理端执行命令不支持重定向,管道,默认模块
[root@master ~]# ansible test -m command -a ‘uptime‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
19:02:25 up  1:02,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m command -a ‘date‘

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 
Fri Dec  2 19:02:43 CST 2016

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m command -a ‘touch /tmp/aa.txt‘

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m command -a ‘ls /tmp‘

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_Rp0Uws
yum.log

[root@master ~]# ansible test -a "ls /tmp"

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_SaISP7
yum.log

参数: chdir=<Directory>

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m command -a "chdir=/tmp ls ./"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_zYCyTU
yum.log

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3、shell

在被管理端执行命令 支持重定向,管道 
[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘echo "hello ansible" > /tmp/bb.txt‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a "ls /tmp"

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

aa.txt
ansible_D4YLv4
bb.txt
yum.log

参数:

chdir=<Directory>
[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a "chdir=/tmp ls ./"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_0umV5w
bb.txt
yum.log

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4.copy模块

拷贝ansible管理端的文件到远程主机的指定位置

常见参数有:
dest= ? 指明拷贝文件的目标目录位置,使用绝对路径,如果源是目录,则目标也要是目录,如果目标文件已存在,会覆盖原有内容
src= ? 指明本地路径下的某个文件,可以使用相对路径和绝对路径,支持直接指定目录,如果源是目录,则目标也要是目录
mode= ? 指明复制时,目标文件的权限
owner= ? 指明复制时,目标文件的属主
group= ? 指明复制时,目标文件的属组
content= 指明复制到目标主机上的内容,不能与src一起使用,相当于复制content指明的数据,到目标文件中

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "7335999eb54c15c67566186bdfc46f64e0d5a1aa", 
    "dest": "/tmp/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "54fb6627dbaa37721048e4549db3224d", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 158, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1480678980.74-146396715953485/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp mode=600 owner=nobody group=nobody"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "aa66816b64b79345d60de19b642cc7e62020038f", 
    "dest": "/tmp/passwd", 
    "gid": 99, 
    "group": "nobody", 
    "md5sum": "d97afe1f271c470a54f1f0763f97ba81", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "nobody", 
    "size": 947, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1480679085.29-206165455771870/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 99
}

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m copy -a ‘content="hello linux"  dest=/tmp/cc.txt  mode=600‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "223ce1d650508823f9dd51d8cb4b527ad3d03ca7", 
    "dest": "/tmp/cc.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "c5fe55563f6ea61e2b28be7c8a5835c2", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 11, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1480679297.69-177631978154126/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

5.fetch模块

从远程主机拉取文件到本地,一般情况下,只会从一个远程节点拉取数据

?常见参数:
????dest= ?从远程主机上拉取的文件存放在本地的位置,一般只能是目录
????src= ? 指明远程主机上要拉取的文件,只能是文件,不能是目录

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m fetch -a ‘src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "974b44c114ecbd71bdee11e09a9bc14c9b0395bd", 
    "dest": "/tmp/192.168.87.102/etc/passwd", 
    "md5sum": "01d72332a8d9737631212995fe1494f4", 
    "remote_checksum": "974b44c114ecbd71bdee11e09a9bc14c9b0395bd", 
    "remote_md5sum": null
    }

6.cron模块

管理计划任务的模块
常见参数有:

minute= ?指明计划任务的分钟,支持格式:0-59,/2等,与正常cron任务定义的一样的语法,省略时,默认为,也就是每分钟都执行
hour= ? 指明计划任务的小时,支持的语法:0-23,
/2等,省略时,默认为,也就是每小时都执行
day= ? 指明计划任务的天,支持的语法:1-31,/2等,省略时,默认为,也就是每天都执行
month= ? 指明计划任务的月,支持的语法为:1-12,
/2等,省略时,默认为,也就是每月都执行
weekday= 指明计划任务的星期几,支持的语法为:0-6,等,省略时,默认为,也就是每星期几都执行
reboot ? 指明计划任务执行的时间为每次重启之后
name= ? 给该计划任务取个名称,必须要给明。每个任务的名称不能一样。
job= ?执行的任务是什么,当state=present时才有意义
state=present|absent ? 表示这个任务是创建还是删除,present表示创建,absent表示删除,默认是present

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m cron -a ‘minute=*/5 name=Ajob job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.8.100 &> /dev/null" state=present‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "Ajob"
    ]
}

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘crontab -l‘

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

#Ansible: Ajob
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.8.100 &> /dev/null

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m cron -a ‘minute=*/5 name=Ajob job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.8.100 &> /dev/null" state=absent‘

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {

    "changed": true, 

    "envs": [], 

    "jobs": []

}

7.file模块

用于设定远程主机上的文件属性

常见参数有:
????????path= ? 指明对哪个文件修改其属性
????????src= ? 指明path=指明的文件是软链接文件,其对应的源文件是谁,必须要在state=link时才有用
????????state=directory|link|absent ? 表示创建的文件是目录还是软链接
????????owner= ? 指明文件的属主
????????group= ? 指明文件的属组
????????mode= ? 指明文件的权限

????????创建软链接的用法:
????????????src= ?path= ?state=link
????????修改文件属性的用法:
????????????path= ?owner= ?mode= ?group=
????????创建目录的用法:
????????????path= ?state=directory
????????删除文件:
????????????path= state=absent

[root@ansible etc]# ansible testsrv -m file -a "path=/tmp/1.txt mode=600 owner=root group=nobody"

[root@ansible ~]# ansible testsrv -m file -a "path=/tmp/bb mode=777 recurse=yes"

创建软连接

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘src=/etc/passwd path=/tmp/passwd.link state=link‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/passwd.link", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 11, 
    "src": "/etc/passwd", 
    "state": "link", 
    "uid": 0
}

删除文件

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘path=/tmp/cc.txt state=absent‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "path": "/tmp/cc.txt", 
    "state": "absent"
}

修改文件属性

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘path=/tmp/bb.txt mode=700 owner=root group=nobody‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 99, 
    "group": "nobody", 
    "mode": "0700", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/bb.txt", 
    "size": 14, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘ls -l /tmp/bb.txt‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rwx------ 1 root nobody 14 Dec  2  2016 /tmp/bb.txt

创建目录

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘path=/tmp/bj state=directory‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/bj", 
    "size": 4096, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}

删除目录

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘path=/tmp/bj state=absent‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "path": "/tmp/bj", 
    "state": "absent"
}

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘ls -l /tmp‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      0 Dec  2  2016 aa.txt
drwx------ 2 root   root   4096 Dec  2 13:41 ansible_twMJYb
-rwx------ 1 root   nobody   14 Dec  2  2016 bb.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    158 Dec  2  2016 hosts
-rw------- 1 nobody nobody  947 Dec  2  2016 passwd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root     11 Dec  2 13:35 passwd.link -> /etc/passwd
-rw------- 1 root   root      0 Dec  2 00:58 yum.log

8.hostname模块

? 管理远程主机上的主机名
常用参数有
name= 指明主机名

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘hostname‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
node1.ansible.com

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m hostname -a ‘name=node2.ansible.com‘

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {

    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_domain": "ansible.com", 
        "ansible_fqdn": "node2.ansible.com", 
        "ansible_hostname": "node2", 
        "ansible_nodename": "node2.ansible.com"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "node2.ansible.com"
}

9.yum模块

基于yum机制,对远程主机管理程序包

常用参数有:
name= ?指明程序包的名称,可以带上版本号,不指明版本,就是默认最新版本
name=httpd
name=httpd-2.2.15
state=present|lastest|absent ? 指明对程序包执行的操作,present表示安装程序包,latest表示安装最新版本的程序包,absent表示卸载程序包
disablerepo= ? 在用yum安装时,临时禁用某个仓库,仓库的ID
enablerepo= ? 在用yum安装时,临时启用某个仓库,仓库的ID
conf_file= ? 指明yum运行时采用哪个配置文件,而不是使用默认的配置文件
disable_gpg_check=yes|no ? 是否启用gpg-check

卸载软件包:

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m yum -a ‘name=httpd state=absent‘
[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘rpm -q httpd‘

安装软件包:

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m yum -a ‘name=httpd state=present‘
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.122.102 -m yum -a "name=ftp state=present disablerepo=zabbix"

10、service模块

用来管理远程主机上的服务的模块

??? 常见参数有:
????????name= ? 被管理的服务名称(/etc/init.d)
????????state=started|stopped|restarted ? 表示启动或关闭或重启
????????enabled=yes|no ? 表示要不要设定该服务开机自启动
????????runlevel= ? 如果设定了enabled开机自动启动,则要定义在哪些运行级别下自动启动

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m service -a ‘name=nginx state=started‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "nginx", 
    "state": "started"
}

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘service nginx status‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
nginx (pid  4054) is running...

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m service -a ‘name=nginx state=stopped‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {

    "changed": true, 

    "name": "nginx", 

    "state": "stopped"

}

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘service nginx status‘
192.168.87.102 | FAILED | rc=3 >>
nginx is stopped

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m service -a ‘name=nginx state=started enabled=yes runlevel=2345‘

192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {

    "changed": true, 
    "enabled": true, 
    "name": "nginx", 
    "state": "started"

}

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘chkconfig --list nginx‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
nginx           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

11.url模块

??如果远端是web服务器,可以利用ansible直接请求某个网页

????????常见参数有:

????????url= ? 指明请求的url的路径,如:http://10.1.32.68/test.jpg
????????user= ? 如果请求的url需要认证,则认证的用户名是什么
????????password= ?如果请求的url需要认证,则认证的密码是什么
????????method= ? 指明请求的方法,如GET、POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m uri -a ‘url=http://192.168.87.102/index.html‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "accept_ranges": "bytes", 
    "changed": false, 
    "connection": "close", 
    "content_length": "612", 
    "content_type": "text/html", 
    "date": "Fri, 02 Dec 2016 06:31:58 GMT", 
    "etag": "\"571f8501-264\"", 
    "last_modified": "Tue, 26 Apr 2016 15:10:57 GMT", 
    "msg": "OK (612 bytes)", 
    "redirected": false, 
    "server": "nginx/1.10.0", 
    "status": 200, 
    "url": "http://192.168.87.102/index.html"
}

12.group模块

用来添加或删除远端主机的用户组

??常见参数有:
????????name= ? 被管理的组名
????????state=present|absent ? 是添加还是删除,不指名默认为添加
????????gid= ? 指明GID
????????system=yes|no ? 是否为系统组

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m group -a ‘name=hr gid=2000 state=present‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 2000, 
    "name": "hr", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false
}
[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘tail -1 /etc/group‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
hr:x:2000:

13.user模块

管理远程主机上的用户的账号

常见参数有:
name= ? 指明要管理的账号名称
state=present|absent ? 指明是创建账号还是删除账号,present表示创建,absent表示删除
system=yes|no ? 指明是否为系统账号
uid= ? 指明用户UID
group= ? 指明用户的基本组
groups= ? 指明用户的附加组
shell= ? 指明默认的shell
home= ? 指明用户的家目录
move_home=yes|no ? 当home设定了家目录,如果要创建的家目录已存在,是否将已存在的家目录进行移动
password= ? 指明用户的密码,最好使用加密好的字符串
comment= ? 指明用户的注释信息
remove=yes|no ? 当state=absent时,也就是删除用户时,是否要删除用户的而家目录

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m user -a ‘name=martin group=hr groups=shichang uid=500 shell=/bin/bash home=/home/martin comment="martin user"‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "martin user", 
    "createhome": true, 
    "group": 2000, 
    "groups": "shichang", 
    "home": "/home/martin", 
    "name": "martin", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 500
}
[root@master ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘grep "martin:" /etc/passwd‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
martin:x:500:2000:martin user:/home/martin:/bin/bash

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m user -a ‘name=martin state=absent remove=yes‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "force": false, 
    "name": "martin", 
    "remove": true, 
    "state": "absent"
}

14.script模块

将管理端的某个脚本,移动到远端主机(不需要指明传递到远端主机的哪个路径下,系统会自动移动,然后执行),
?一般是自动移动到远端主机的/root/.ansible/tmp目录下,然后自动给予其权限,然后再开个子shell然后运行脚本,运行完成后删除脚本

测试脚本

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m script -a ‘/root/1.sh‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "", 
    "stdout": "", 
    "stdout_lines": []
}

15.setup模块

可收集远程主机的facts变量的信息,相当于收集了目标主机的相关信息(如内核版本、操作系统信息、cpu、…),保存在ansible的内置变量中,之后我们有需要用到时,直接调用变量即可

[root@master ~]# ansible test -m setup
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "192.168.87.102"
        ], 
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
            "fe80::20c:29ff:fe0c:5ab9"
        ], 
        "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", 
        "ansible_bios_date": "05/20/2014", 
        "ansible_bios_version": "6.00", 

?

?

剧本 playbook

以.yml结尾的文件,遵循yaml语法

示例01:

[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/ansible/test.yml 
-  hosts: testsrv
   user: root
   tasks:
     -  name: touch a new file
        shell: touch /tmp/1.mp3

执行剧本

[root@ansible ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/test.yml    
[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/ansible/user.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
    - name: create nginx user
      user: name=nginx shell=/sbin/nologin state=present

示例02:

# playbook在执行时,默认会获取被管理端的fact变量,可以通过在playbook文件中使用"gather_facts: false"禁止该行为

[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/ansible/user.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
    - name: create nginx user
      user: name=nginx shell=/sbin/nologin state=present

示例03:部署mariadb-server数据库

[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/ansible/mysql.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  tasks:
    - name: install mariadb
      yum: name=mariadb-server state=present

    - name: copy config file
      copy: src=/tmp/my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf

    - name: start mysql daemon
      service: name=mariadb state=started enabled=yes

在playbook使用变量

示例01:在Playbook中定义变量

[root@ansible ansible]# cat user02.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  vars:
    - username: "mike"
  tasks:
    - name: create mike
      user: name={{ username }}

示例02:在/etc/ansible/hosts文件中定义


[root@ansible ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts 

[testsrv]
192.168.122.102 username="tom"
192.168.122.103 username="jerry"

[root@ansible ansible]# cat user03.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  tasks:
    - name: create user
      user: name={{ username }} state=present

示例03:为主机组定义变量

[testsrv:vars]
software="bind"

[root@ansible ansible]# cat a.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
   - name: install software
     yum: name={{ software }} state=present

在playbook使用条件判断 : when

[root@ansible ansible]# cat b.yml 

- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  vars:
    - name01: "user01"
    - name02: "user02"
  tasks:
    - name: create user01
      user: name={{ name01 }} state=present
      when: ansible_hostname == "agent01"

    - name: create user02
      user: name={{ name02 }} state=present
      when: ansible_hostname == "node02"    

with_items实现循环

示例01:通过列表的方式为item赋值

[root@ansible ansible]# cat c.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  tasks:
    - name: change file permission
      file: path=/tmp/{{ item }} owner=nobody group=nobody mode=777
      with_items:
        - 1.txt
        - 2.txt

示例02:通过字典的方式为item赋值

[root@ansible ansible]# cat d.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  tasks:
    - name: create user
      user: name={{ item["username"] }} uid={{ item["userid"] }} shell=/sbin/nologin
      with_items:
        - {"username":"user03","userid":3000}
        - {"username":"user04","userid":4000}

handlers组件

用于定义当某个条件触发时,执行的操作 
应用场景用于当配置文件改动时,服务自动重启 

示例01:

[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/ansible/http.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=present

    - name: copy httpd config file
      copy: src=/tmp/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify: restart httpd

    - name: start httpd
      service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

  handlers:
     - name: restart httpd
       service: name=httpd state=reloaded

template模块

只能应用于Playbook中
应用场景用于配置文件Jinja模板,实现变量替换
建议准备Jinja配置文件时,文件名称以.j2结尾,以区分普通文件  
[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/ansible/http.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=present

    - name: copy httpd config file
      template: src=/tmp/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify: restart httpd

    - name: start httpd
      service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

  handlers:
     - name: restart httpd
       service: name=httpd state=reloaded

# httpd.conf.j2部分内容如下:

[root@ansible ~]# grep "Listen" /tmp/httpd.conf.j2 

    Listen {{ ansible_all_ipv4_addresses[1] }}:9999

角色 role

创建角色目录:
/etc/ansible/roles/角色目录

    default         保存角色默认变量
    files           保存普通文件 
    handlers        保存handlers
    tasks           保存任务,必须要有一个名称为main.yml 
    templates       保存Jinja模块 
    meta            保存资源间的依赖关系
    vars            保存变量

    子目录间的文件,可以不加目录名称任意调用 

示例01:

1、创建角色

[root@ansible ansible]# mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/http
[root@ansible ansible]# mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/http/{tasks,templates,handlers}

[root@ansible ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/main.yml 

- name: install httpd
  yum: name=httpd state=present

- name: copy httpd config file
  template: src=httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  notify: restart httpd

- name: start httpd
  service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

[root@ansible ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/handlers/main.yml 
- name: restart httpd
  service: name=httpd state=reloaded

[root@ansible ansible]# ls /etc/ansible/roles/http/templates/
httpd.conf.j2

[root@ansible ansible]# tree  /etc/ansible/roles/http/
/etc/ansible/roles/http/
├── handlers
│?? └── main.yml
├── tasks
│?? └── main.yml
└── templates
    └── httpd.conf.j2

3 directories, 3 files

2、使用角色

[root@ansible ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/http.yml 
- hosts: testsrv
  user: root
  roles:
    - http

[root@ansible tasks]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/http.yml 

# 第二种写法

[root@ansible tasks]# tree /etc/ansible/roles/http/
/etc/ansible/roles/http/
├── handlers
│?? └── main.yml
├── tasks
│?? ├── config.yml
│?? ├── install.yml
│?? ├── main.yml
│?? └── start.yml
└── templates
    └── httpd.conf.j2

[root@ansible tasks]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/install.yml 
- name: install httpd
  yum: name=httpd state=present

[root@ansible tasks]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/config.yml 
- name: copy httpd config file
  template: src=httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  notify: restart httpd

[root@ansible tasks]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/start.yml 
- name: start httpd
  service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

[root@ansible tasks]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/main.yml 
- include: install.yml
- include: config.yml
- include: start.yml

Asible常用的模块和简单的playbook使用

标签:ansible

原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/13581826/2120651

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