#语法错误示范一
if

#语法错误示范二
def test:
    pass

#语法错误示范三
print(haha

#用户输入不完整(比如输入为空)或者输入非法(输入不是数字)
num=input(">>: ")
int(num)

#无法完成计算
res1=1/0
res2=1+‘str‘

l=[‘egon‘,‘aa‘]
l[3]

dic={‘name‘:‘egon‘}
dic[‘age‘]

s=‘hello‘
int(s)

num1=input(‘>>: ‘) #输入一个字符串试试
int(num1)

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
__author__ = ‘Linhaifeng‘

num1=input(‘>>: ‘) #输入一个字符串试试
if num1.isdigit():
    int(num1) #我们的正统程序放到了这里,其余的都属于异常处理范畴
elif num1.isspace():
    print(‘输入的是空格,就执行我这里的逻辑‘)
elif len(num1) == 0:
    print(‘输入的是空,就执行我这里的逻辑‘)
else:
    print(‘其他情情况,执行我这里的逻辑‘)

‘‘‘
问题一：
使用if的方式我们只为第一段代码加上了异常处理，但这些if，跟你的代码逻辑并无关系，这样你的代码会因为可读性差而不容易被看懂

问题二：
这只是我们代码中的一个小逻辑，如果类似的逻辑多，那么每一次都需要判断这些内容，就会倒置我们的代码特别冗长。
‘‘‘

def test():
    print(‘test running‘)
choice_dic={
    ‘1‘:test
}
while True:
    choice=input(‘>>: ‘).strip()
    if not choice or choice not in choice_dic:continue #这便是一种异常处理机制啊
    choice_dic[choice]()

try:
     被检测的代码块
except 异常类型：
     try中一旦检测到异常，就执行这个位置的逻辑

f = open(‘a.txt‘)

g = (line.strip() for line in f)
for line in g:
    print(line)
else:
    f.close()

try:
    f = open(‘a.txt‘)
    g = (line.strip() for line in f)
    print(next(g))
    print(next(g))
    print(next(g))
    print(next(g))
    print(next(g))
except StopIteration:
    f.close()

‘‘‘
next(g)会触发迭代f，依次next(g)就可以读取文件的一行行内容，无论文件a.txt有多大，同一时刻内存中只有一行内容。
提示：g是基于文件句柄f而存在的，因而只能在next(g)抛出异常StopIteration后才可以执行f.close()
‘‘‘

# 未捕获到异常，程序直接报错
 
s1 = ‘hello‘
try:
    int(s1)
except IndexError as e:
    print e

s1 = ‘hello‘
try:
    int(s1)
except IndexError as e:
    print(e)
except KeyError as e:
    print(e)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)

s1 = ‘hello‘
try:
    int(s1)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

s1 = ‘hello‘
try:
    int(s1)
except Exception,e:
    ‘丢弃或者执行其他逻辑‘
    print(e)

#如果你统一用Exception，没错，是可以捕捉所有异常，但意味着你在处理所有异常时都使用同一个逻辑去处理（这里说的逻辑即当前expect下面跟的代码块）

s1 = ‘hello‘
try:
    int(s1)
except IndexError as e:
    print(e)
except KeyError as e:
    print(e)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)

s1 = ‘hello‘
try:
    int(s1)
except IndexError as e:
    print(e)
except KeyError as e:
    print(e)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

s1 = ‘hello‘
try:
    int(s1)
except IndexError as e:
    print(e)
except KeyError as e:
    print(e)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
#except Exception as e:
#    print(e)
else:
    print(‘try内代码块没有异常则执行我‘)
finally:
    print(‘无论异常与否,都会执行该模块,通常是进行清理工作‘)

try:
    raise TypeError(‘类型错误‘)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

class EvaException(BaseException):
    def __init__(self,msg):
        self.msg=msg
    def __str__(self):
        return self.msg

try:
    raise EvaException(‘类型错误‘)
except EvaException as e:
    print(e)

# assert 条件
 
assert 1 == 1
 
assert 1 == 2

import glance

glance/                   

├── __init__.py     from .api import *
                    from .cmd import *
                    from .db import *    
├── api                  

│   ├── __init__.py   __all__ = [‘policy‘,‘versions‘] 

│   ├── policy.py

│   └── versions.py

├── cmd               __all__ = [‘manage‘]    

│   ├── __init__.py

│   └── manage.py    

└── db                __all__ = [‘models‘]              

    ├── __init__.py

    └── models.py


import glance
policy.get()

#=============>bin目录：存放执行脚本
#start.py
import sys,os

BASE_DIR=os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)

from core import core
from conf import my_log_settings

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    my_log_settings.load_my_logging_cfg()
    core.run()

#=============>conf目录：存放配置文件
#config.ini
[DEFAULT]
user_timeout = 1000

[egon]
password = 123
money = 10000000

[alex]
password = alex3714
money=10000000000

[yuanhao]
password = ysb123
money=10

#settings.py
import os
config_path=r‘%s\%s‘ %(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),‘config.ini‘)
user_timeout=10
user_db_path=r‘%s\%s‘ %(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))),                     ‘db‘)


#my_log_settings.py
"""
logging配置
"""

import os
import logging.config

# 定义三种日志输出格式 开始

standard_format = ‘[%(asctime)s][%(threadName)s:%(thread)d][task_id:%(name)s][%(filename)s:%(lineno)d]‘                   ‘[%(levelname)s][%(message)s]‘ #其中name为getlogger指定的名字

simple_format = ‘[%(levelname)s][%(asctime)s][%(filename)s:%(lineno)d]%(message)s‘

id_simple_format = ‘[%(levelname)s][%(asctime)s] %(message)s‘

# 定义日志输出格式 结束

logfile_dir = r‘%s\log‘ %os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))  # log文件的目录

logfile_name = ‘all2.log‘  # log文件名

# 如果不存在定义的日志目录就创建一个
if not os.path.isdir(logfile_dir):
    os.mkdir(logfile_dir)

# log文件的全路径
logfile_path = os.path.join(logfile_dir, logfile_name)

# log配置字典
LOGGING_DIC = {
    ‘version‘: 1,
    ‘disable_existing_loggers‘: False,
    ‘formatters‘: {
        ‘standard‘: {
            ‘format‘: standard_format
        },
        ‘simple‘: {
            ‘format‘: simple_format
        },
    },
    ‘filters‘: {},
    ‘handlers‘: {
        #打印到终端的日志
        ‘console‘: {
            ‘level‘: ‘DEBUG‘,
            ‘class‘: ‘logging.StreamHandler‘,  # 打印到屏幕
            ‘formatter‘: ‘simple‘
        },
        #打印到文件的日志,收集info及以上的日志
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘level‘: ‘DEBUG‘,
            ‘class‘: ‘logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler‘,  # 保存到文件
            ‘formatter‘: ‘standard‘,
            ‘filename‘: logfile_path,  # 日志文件
            ‘maxBytes‘: 1024*1024*5,  # 日志大小 5M
            ‘backupCount‘: 5,
            ‘encoding‘: ‘utf-8‘,  # 日志文件的编码，再也不用担心中文log乱码了
        },
    },
    ‘loggers‘: {
        #logging.getLogger(__name__)拿到的logger配置
        ‘‘: {
            ‘handlers‘: [‘default‘, ‘console‘],  # 这里把上面定义的两个handler都加上，即log数据既写入文件又打印到屏幕
            ‘level‘: ‘DEBUG‘,
            ‘propagate‘: True,  # 向上（更高level的logger）传递
        },
    },
}


def load_my_logging_cfg():
    logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING_DIC)  # 导入上面定义的logging配置
    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)  # 生成一个log实例
    logger.info(‘It works!‘)  # 记录该文件的运行状态

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    load_my_logging_cfg()

#=============>core目录：存放核心逻辑
#core.py
import logging
import time
from conf import settings
from lib import read_ini

config=read_ini.read(settings.config_path)
logger=logging.getLogger(__name__)

current_user={‘user‘:None,‘login_time‘:None,‘timeout‘:int(settings.user_timeout)}
def auth(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        if current_user[‘user‘]:
            interval=time.time()-current_user[‘login_time‘]
            if interval < current_user[‘timeout‘]:
                return func(*args,**kwargs)
        name = input(‘name>>: ‘)
        password = input(‘password>>: ‘)
        if config.has_section(name):
            if password == config.get(name,‘password‘):
                logger.info(‘登录成功‘)
                current_user[‘user‘]=name
                current_user[‘login_time‘]=time.time()
                return func(*args,**kwargs)
        else:
            logger.error(‘用户名不存在‘)

    return wrapper

@auth
def buy():
    print(‘buy...‘)

@auth
def run():

    print(‘‘‘
购物
查看余额
转账
    ‘‘‘)
    while True:
        choice = input(‘>>: ‘).strip()
        if not choice:continue
        if choice == ‘1‘:
            buy()



if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    run()

#=============>db目录：存放数据库文件
#alex_json
#egon_json

#=============>lib目录：存放自定义的模块与包
#read_ini.py
import configparser
def read(config_file):
    config=configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(config_file)
    return config

#=============>log目录：存放日志
#all2.log
[2017-07-29 00:31:40,272][MainThread:11692][task_id:conf.my_log_settings][my_log_settings.py:75][INFO][It works!]
[2017-07-29 00:31:41,789][MainThread:11692][task_id:core.core][core.py:25][ERROR][用户名不存在]
[2017-07-29 00:31:46,394][MainThread:12348][task_id:conf.my_log_settings][my_log_settings.py:75][INFO][It works!]
[2017-07-29 00:31:47,629][MainThread:12348][task_id:core.core][core.py:25][ERROR][用户名不存在]
[2017-07-29 00:31:57,912][MainThread:10528][task_id:conf.my_log_settings][my_log_settings.py:75][INFO][It works!]
[2017-07-29 00:32:03,340][MainThread:12744][task_id:conf.my_log_settings][my_log_settings.py:75][INFO][It works!]
[2017-07-29 00:32:05,065][MainThread:12916][task_id:conf.my_log_settings][my_log_settings.py:75][INFO][It works!]
[2017-07-29 00:32:08,181][MainThread:12916][task_id:core.core][core.py:25][ERROR][用户名不存在]
[2017-07-29 00:32:13,638][MainThread:7220][task_id:conf.my_log_settings][my_log_settings.py:75][INFO][It works!]
[2017-07-29 00:32:23,005][MainThread:7220][task_id:core.core][core.py:20][INFO][登录成功]
[2017-07-29 00:32:40,941][MainThread:7220][task_id:core.core][core.py:20][INFO][登录成功]
[2017-07-29 00:32:47,222][MainThread:7220][task_id:core.core][core.py:20][INFO][登录成功]
[2017-07-29 00:32:51,949][MainThread:7220][task_id:core.core][core.py:25][ERROR][用户名不存在]
[2017-07-29 00:33:00,213][MainThread:7220][task_id:core.core][core.py:20][INFO][登录成功]
[2017-07-29 00:33:50,118][MainThread:8500][task_id:conf.my_log_settings][my_log_settings.py:75][INFO][It works!]
[2017-07-29 00:33:55,845][MainThread:8500][task_id:core.core][core.py:20][INFO][登录成功]
[2017-07-29 00:34:06,837][MainThread:8500][task_id:core.core][core.py:25][ERROR][用户名不存在]
[2017-07-29 00:34:09,405][MainThread:8500][task_id:core.core][core.py:25][ERROR][用户名不存在]
[2017-07-29 00:34:10,645][MainThread:8500][task_id:core.core][core.py:25][ERROR][用户名不存在]