[root@test-bench system]# yum check-update
[root@test-bench system]# yum groupinstall "X Window System"
启动桌面——startx
#startx \\ 启动xwindow 进入图形化桌面
设置默认运行级别为图形化
[root@test-bench Desktop]# systemctl get-default \\查看默认运行级别
multi-user.target
[root@test-bench Desktop]# cat /etc/inittab
# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
#
# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
#
# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
#
# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3 \\运行级别3：多用户界面
# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5 \\运行级别5：图形化界面
# # To set a default target, run: # # ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/.target
/etc/systemd/system/default.target #
[root@test-bench system]# systemctl set-default graphical.target \\设置默认图形化运行级别
rm '/etc/systemd/system/default.target'
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target' '/etc/systemd/system/default.target'
[root@test-bench Desktop]# systemctl get-default \\查看默认运行级别
graphical.target \\图形化设置OK
1,安装VNC packages：
[root@test-bench system]# yum install tigervnc-server -y
2,修改配置信息，在/etc/systemd/system/下建立文件夹vncserver@:1.service 把example config 文件从/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service复制到里面
[root@test-bench system]# cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver-snp01@.service
然后打开这个配置文件/etc/systemd/system/vncserver-snp01@.service替换掉默认用户名,找到这一行
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l <USER> -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/home/<USER>/.vnc/%H%i.pid
如果是用root用户登录，就替换成
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid
如果是其他用户的话比如john替换如下
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l snp01 -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/home/snp01/.vnc/%H%i.pid
3,重加载 systemd
[root@test-bench system]# systemctl daemon-reload
4,为VNC设密码
[root@test-bench system]# vncpasswd 或
[snp01@test-bench system]# vncpasswd
5,由于我的是Centos 7.4 是用iptable防火墙的所以
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
在合适位置加上
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5900:5903 -j ACCEPT
重启iptable
service iptables restart
如果是用Centos 7 默认防火墙的可能需要
[root@test-bench ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service vnc-server
[root@test-bench ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service
第六步，设默认启动并开启VNC
[root@test-bench ~]# systemctl enable vncserver-snp01@.service
[root@test-bench ~]# systemctl start vncserver-snp01@.service
或者link 文件
ln -s /etc/systemd/system/vncserver-snp01@.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vncserver-snp01@:11.service
ln -s /etc/systemd/system/vncserver-hru@.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vncserver-hru@:12.service
ln -s /etc/systemd/system/vncserver-mta@.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vncserver-mta@:13.service
vnc 启动报错：
vncserver-snp01@:11.service - Remote desktop service (VNC)
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/vncserver-snp01@.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sat 2018-06-02 23:32:26 CST; 25s ago
Process: 8384 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l snp01 -c /usr/bin/vncserver %i (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 8377 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c /usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || : (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Jun 02 23:32:26 test-bench systemd[1]: Starting Remote desktop service (VNC)...
Jun 02 23:32:26 test-bench systemd[1]: vncserver-snp01@:11.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Jun 02 23:32:26 test-bench systemd[1]: Failed to start Remote desktop service (VNC).
Jun 02 23:32:26 test-bench systemd[1]: Unit vncserver-snp01@:11.service entered failed state.
Jun 02 23:32:26 test-bench systemd[1]: vncserver-snp01@:11.service failed.
除了检查/tmp/.X11-unix .ICE-unix 等目录是否有用户文件存在外，还要检查用户是否被设置成nologin了
如果设置成了nologin状态就usermod -s /bin/bash snp01 解开
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/laobaiv1/2127873
