无人值守安装系统之Cobbler

时间：2018-06-21 11:49:12 阅读：212 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

标签：httpd pxe启动 ref emctl scree 区分集成错误 modules

cobbler介绍

Cobbler集中和简化了通过网络安装操作系统需要使用到的DHCP、TFTP和DNS服务的配置。Cobbler不仅有一个命令行界面，还提供了一个Web界面，大大降低了使用者的入门水平。Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

系统环境准备

[root@CentOS6 ~]$ uname -r

2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64

[root@CentOS6 ~]$ uname -m

x86_64

[root@CentOS6 ~]$ ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" ‘NR==2 {print $4}‘

10.0.0.101

安装cobbler

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd

检查Cobbler的配置，如果看不到下面的结果，再次执行/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart，执行后会有一堆错误

[root@CentOS6 ~]$ cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

3 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

5 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

6 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist

7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new one

9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.

看着上面的错误一个一个解决

# 看着上面的结果，一个一个解决。

# 第1、2、6个问题，顺便修改其他功能

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori} # 备份

# server，Cobbler服务器的IP。

sed -i ‘s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.0.0.101/‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

# next_server，如果用Cobbler管理DHCP，修改本项，作用不解释，看kickstart。

sed -i ‘s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.0.0.101/‘ /etc/cobbler/settings
 
# 用Cobbler管理DHCP

sed -i ‘s/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

# 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是PXE启动。

sed -i ‘s/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

# 设置新装系统的默认root密码123456。下面的命令来源于提示6。random-phrase-here为干扰码，可以自行设定。

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘oldboy‘ ‘123456‘

$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1"

# 第3个问题

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler get-loaders # 会自动从官网下载

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ # 下载的内容

[root@linux-node1 loaders]# ls

COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README

COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot

# 第4个问题

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

disable = no

[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

停止 xinetd： [确定]

正在启动 xinetd： [确定]

 

[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定]

Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories # 和debian系统相关，不需要

2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them # fence设备相关，不需要

Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.

执行下面的命令，修改配置文件

sed -i ‘s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.101/‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i ‘s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.101/‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i ‘s/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i ‘s/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#\1\"`openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘oldboy‘ ‘123456‘`\"#" /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i ‘s#yes#no#‘ /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

sed -i ‘s#yes#no#‘ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

配置DHCP

# 修改cobbler的dhcp模版，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件，因为cobbler会覆盖。

[root@CentOS6 loaders]# sed -i ‘s#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d‘ /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

同步cobbler配置

[root@CentOS6 ~]# cobbler sync

task started: 2017-04-14_101410_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Apr 14 10:14:10 2017)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list

copying bootloaders

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

copying distros to tftpboot

copying images

generating PXE configuration files

generating PXE menu structure

rendering DHCP files

generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

rendering TFTPD files

generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

cleaning link caches

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running: dhcpd -t -q

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

running: service dhcpd restart

received on stdout: Shutting down dhcpd: [  OK  ]

Starting dhcpd: [  OK  ]

received on stderr:

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

启动服务

/etc/init.d/xinetd restart
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
/etc/init.d/httpd restart

打开网页进行操作

输入http://10.0.0.101/cobbler

技术分享图片

挂载光盘，到mnt下。或者下好的系统镜像

技术分享图片

自动应答模板

#CentOS-6.8

install

url --url=$tree

text

lang en_US.UTF-8

keyboard us

zerombr

bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

$SNIPPET(‘network_config‘)

timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai

authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

clearpart --all --initlabel

part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=200

part swap --size=1024

part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --asprimary --size=200

firstboot --disable

selinux --disabled

firewall --disabled

logging --level=info

reboot

%pre

$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_pre‘)

$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_start‘)

$SNIPPET(‘pre_install_network_config‘)

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET(‘pre_anamon‘)

%end

%packages

@base

@compat-libraries

@debugging

@development

tree

nmap

sysstat

lrzsz

dos2unix

telnet

%end

%post --nochroot

$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_post_nochroot‘)

%end

%post

$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_post‘)

# Start yum configuration

$yum_config_stanza

# End yum configuration

$SNIPPET(‘post_install_kernel_options‘)

$SNIPPET(‘post_install_network_config‘)

$SNIPPET(‘func_register_if_enabled‘)

$SNIPPET(‘download_config_files‘)

$SNIPPET(‘koan_environment‘)

$SNIPPET(‘redhat_register‘)

$SNIPPET(‘cobbler_register‘)

# Enable post-install boot notification

$SNIPPET(‘post_anamon‘)

# Start final steps

$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_done‘)

# End final steps

%end

可以去http://blog.oldboyedu.com/autoinstall-cobbler/查看详细的过程

CentOS-7.1

install

url --url=$tree # 这些$开头的变量都是调用配置文件里的值。

text

lang en_US.UTF-8

keyboard us

zerombr

bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

# Network information

$SNIPPET(‘network_config‘)

timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai

authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

clearpart --all --initlabel

part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 # CentOS7系统磁盘默认格式xfs

part swap --size 1024

part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow

firstboot --disable

selinux --disabled

firewall --disabled

logging --level=info

reboot

%pre

$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_pre‘)

$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_start‘)

$SNIPPET(‘pre_install_network_config‘)

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET(‘pre_anamon‘)

%end

%packages

@base

@compat-libraries

@debugging

@development

tree

nmap

sysstat

lrzsz

dos2unix

telnet

iptraf

ncurses-devel

openssl-devel

zlib-devel

OpenIPMI-tools

screen

%end

%post

systemctl disable postfix.service

%end

定制化安装

可能从学习kickstart开始就有人想怎样能够指定某台服务器使用指定ks文件，kickstart实现这功能可能比较复杂，但是Cobbler就很简单了。

区分一台服务器的最简单的方法就是物理MAC地址。

物理服务器的MAC地址在服务器上的标签上写了。

虚拟机的MAC查看

技术分享图片

cobbler system add --name=oldboy --mac=00：0C：29：7F：2F：A1 --profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --ip-address=10.0.0.111 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=oldboy.example.com --name-servers="114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8"

# --name 自定义，但不能重复

# 查看定义的列表

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler system list

oldboy

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync