标签：ESS HCL 大型 娱乐性 形式 gui cte been hydra
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D-麦角酸二乙胺，即麦角二乙酰胺，普遍被称为LSD，是一种强大的半人工致幻剂。LSD的一次典型剂量只有100微克，相当於一粒沙子重量的十分之一。 LSD会造成持续6到12个小时的感官、感觉、记忆和自我意识的强烈化与变化。另外，LSD通常会产生一些视觉效果，比如会动的几何图形、物体移动的「残迹」、和光辉的色彩等。LSD通常不会产生严格定义下的幻觉，而是一些幻影和生动如白日梦般的幻想。如果集中力比较高的话，则可以造成感觉相连症（synaesthesia）。LSD是从麦角酸中合成出来，并且对氧气、紫外线与氯很敏感，尤其是在液态的时候。纯的LSD无色、无气味，味道是苦的。 LSD典型上是口服，通常是以某种吸取物质，比如说吸墨纸、方糖或明胶，吸取LSD后将该吸取物放入口中，不过也有可能透过食物或饮料来服用。所有的这些服用方法中，LSD都是无味的。
LSD这三个英文字母是该化合物的德文Lysergs?ure-di?thylamid的简写而来。它是在1938年由一位瑞士化学家艾伯特·霍夫曼（Albert Hofmann）博士，於巴塞尔的桑多兹实验室（Sandoz 实验室）进行一个有关麦角碱类复合物的大型研究计画时，第一次合成出来的。LSD的精神转换效果则一直要到霍夫曼於5年之后的1943 年回到化学研究中才发现的。他在一次意外的接触中透过皮肤吸收了微量的LSD而发现的，并使他继续在他自己身上试验LSD的精神效果（完整故事）。
直到1966年为止，LSD和psilocybin都是由桑多兹实验室免费提供给有兴趣的科学家。精神病学家使用这些化合物来得到对精神分裂症一个比较好的亲身体验，是一种可以被接受的行为。许多临床实验在研究关於把LSD使用於精神治疗的可能性，普遍都得到非常正面的结果。LSD的首度大众娱乐化，是在 1950年代期间流行於一小群心理健康专家（比如精神病学家和心理学家），和一些政治和社会上的重要人士之间，如亨利·路斯（Henry Luce）。
冷战时代的情报部门对於将LSD用在审问和心理控制上，以及在大规模的社交工程（请见反文化）上，拥有高度的兴趣。美国中央情报局对LSD进行了广泛的研究，其中绝大部分都被销毁了。
一些心理健康专家，比如哈佛大学心理学教授提莫西·李瑞（Timothy Leary）博士和理察·艾尔帕（Richard Alpert）博士（后来以拉姆·达斯Ram Dass闻名），相信LSD有可以做为精神成长工具的潜力。他们被传统心理学术圈开除，并且在1960年代的嬉皮运动中成为反文化的精神导师，将LSD的使用扩展到更广大的群众。当LSD与反文化和嬉皮的关系变得越来越密切时，它在1967年被美国禁止。美国进行了庞大的宣传工作来妖魔化这个药物，通常是在学校的反毒教育中传布有关其药效的明显错误资讯。LSD在美国的使用於1970年代和80年代下滑，可能就是这些计画造成的结果。
在1990年代，LSD於瑞舞（rave）次文化中受到欢迎。在美国药品管制局有史以来最大一宗的LSD查缉案后，美国LSD的使用大约在2000年急剧下滑。美国药品管制局逮捕了两名化学家，并声称他们制造了美国与许多欧洲地区LSD供应量的95%。
从1967年开始，在黑市和大量需求的支持下，LSD的地下娱乐性和治疗性使用开始在一些国家继续。对LSD的效果和作用机制的合法的科学实验也不时进行，但很少涉及人类主体。
剂量 LSD按重量而言是迄今为止发现的最强烈（potent）的精神{百毒}药品之一。从试验者的体验和药物学方法（例如受体结合实验）都发现LSD比光盖伞素和光盖伞辛要强100倍，比墨斯卡林强4000倍。LSD的剂量以微克为单位，相对而言几乎所有其他的药品和毒品都以毫克为单位。
通常LSD的致幻剂量为25微克，且其药效随剂量增加而显著加强。90年代末，美国缉毒警察缴获的LSD每支大约20-80微克；60年代时一般有300微克以上。常用LSD的人的可达剂量为1200微克，但是如此高的剂量可能会不愉快的生理、心理反应。
LSD的致死剂量（LD50）为200-1000微克／千克体重，但迄今为止尚未有LSD过量致死的报道。但是有一个可疑LSD过量致死的报道，死者用静脉注射的方法使用了三分之一克的LSD（即330毫克，330,000微克）。这相当于3000倍的通常口服剂量。
药效
生理是迷幻性最强的药。 服用可能导致逼真幻觉、时空幻觉。 长期服用可能有旅行片段。
上瘾可能性无生理成瘾可能性
预备工作：
起始物质可以是任何的麦角酸盐生物，可以来自黑麦上的麦角，或者来自人工培育，或者来自人工合成。制备方案1可以使用麦角酰胺，或麦角酸作为起始物质。制备方案2和3只能从麦角酸开始合成，可按照以下步骤从麦角酰胺制备麦角酸：
把10g各种自然来源的任何麦角酰胺溶解在200ml的KOH的甲醇溶液中，抽真空，甲醇将会立刻被抽走。用200ml8%的KOH水溶液溶解残余物，混合剂在蒸汽浴中加热一小时。加热过程中在烧瓶中通氮气，放出的氨气可以用盐酸滴定以进行下面的反应。碱性的溶液用酒石酸中和至刚果红试纸变红，过滤，用乙醚萃取，水溶液过滤后蒸发干燥。用甲醇煮解以从麦角酸晶体中去掉有色物质。
在实验室里像布置暗房一样布置照明灯光。使用照相用的红色和黄色的安全灯，因为有光照时麦角酸衍生物会分解。必须戴上橡胶手套以防高毒性的麦角碱。为了加快一些必须使用蒸发操作的步骤，需要准备吹风机，如果有闪蒸器更好。
【制备方案1】
步骤1 使用黄色灯
把一份制成粉末的麦角碱原料放入小烧瓶中，加入两份无水肼。另外用一只密封的试管把反应物的加热至112C。混合物加热回流（或加热）30分钟。加入1.5份水并煮沸15分钟。放在冰箱中冷却后，异麦角酸酰肼就会结晶出来。
步骤2 使用红色灯
冷却所用反应物至摸上去是冰凉的。把2.82g肼迅速溶解在100ml0.1N的冰冷的盐酸溶液中，使用冰浴把反应器保持在0C。加入100ml冰冷的0.1N的NaNO2溶液，2到3分钟后用力搅拌，在冰浴中一边用力搅拌，一边逐滴加入130ml以上的盐酸。5分钟以后，用NaHCO3饱和溶液中和反应液，然后用乙醚萃取。，移走水溶液，在乙醚中溶解得到的胶状物质，通过每300ml萃取液中加入3g二乙胺调整溶液。确保在黑暗中，在24小时中逐渐加热至20C。在真空中蒸发，按照提纯步骤中，把异麦角酰胺转化为麦角酰胺在方法操作。
【制备方案2】
步骤1 使用黄色灯
让5.36gD-麦角酸悬浮在125ml乙腈中，把悬浮液在丙酮浴中用干冰冷却至大约-20C。加入由8.82g三氟乙酸酐溶解在75ml乙腈中形成的冷的（-20C）溶液。混合物必须在-20C保持1.5小时，悬浮物在这时溶解，麦角酸转变为麦角酸与三氟乙酸的混酐。通过在0C以下真空蒸发溶剂，混酐可以以油状物的形式被分离出来，但这一步不是必需的。所有物品都必须保持在无水状态。
步骤2 使用黄色灯
把第一步得到的混酐的乙腈溶液加入到另一份105ml的含7.6g二乙胺的乙腈溶液。混合物在黑暗中在室温下保持大约2小时。在真空中蒸发乙腈，留下的残余物是LSD-25和一些其他杂质。把残余物溶解在150ml0氯仿和20ml冰水中。移走氯仿层，并用多份氯仿萃取水层。把几份氯仿加在一起，用4份30ml冰水依次清洗。氯仿用无水Na2SO4干燥，并在真空中蒸发。
【制备方案3】
本程序有较好的产率、反应迅速，几乎没有异麦角酸生成（它会造成轻微的不愉快）。然而化学计量必须精确，否则产率会下降。
步骤1 使用白色灯
在大约480C下的无水环境小心的分解硫酸铁制造三氧化硫。把它们保存在无水环境下。
步骤2 使用白色灯
把小心干燥过的一个装有冰浴、冷凝器、滴液漏斗和机械搅拌器的22升圆底烧瓶中倒入10至11升二甲基甲酰胺（通过减压整流新制得的）。冷凝器和滴液漏斗都要和空气中的水汽隔绝。在4到5小时中逐滴加入2磅的三氧化硫（硫烷B),同时小心的搅拌。滴加过程中温度保持在0到5C。滴加完成后，继续搅拌混合物1到2小时，直到分散的晶体状的三氧化硫-二甲基甲酰胺络合物溶解。用气密自动吸移管按方便的配比转移反应物，并保持冷却。尽管原来无色的反应物可能从黄色变成红色，三到四个月的冷藏并不影响它的功效。把一部分反应物溶解在水中，用标准NaOH溶液滴定至酚酞终点色。
步骤3 使用红色灯
把7.15g一水合D-麦角酸（25mmol）和1.06g水合氢氧化锂（25mmol）溶解在200ml甲醇中制成溶液。用蒸汽浴减压蒸馏蒸去溶剂。把玻璃状的麦角酸锂残余物溶解在400ml无水二甲替甲酰胺中。通过一个12英寸螺旋填充蒸馏塔在15ml（？）压力下蒸馏除去200ml二甲替甲酰胺。最后剩下的麦角酸锂的无水溶液冷却到0C，同时搅拌。快速加入500mlSO3-DMF溶液（1摩尔）。混合物在低温下搅拌10分钟，然后加入9.14g（125.0mmol)二乙胺.继续搅拌冷却10分钟，这是加入400水使反应络合物分解。混合彻底后，加入200ml饱和盐水。用500ml1,2-二氯乙烷分批多次萃取酰胺类产品。把萃取液合并，减压干燥，使之浓缩至糊浆。浓缩过程中不要加热。因为LSD可能结晶出来，而根据提纯的操作指示，晶体和母液应用色谱法分离。
LSD的提纯
以上三种方法获得的产物都可能含有麦角酰胺和异麦角酰胺。方案1产物含有的异麦角酸二乙胺最多，分离之前必须转化。这些产物从步骤2直接开始。
步骤1 使用用长波紫外线的暗房
把产物溶解在苯和氯仿的3：1的混合溶剂中。在色谱柱中装填碱性氧化铝在苯中形成的浆状物质，这样1英寸柱长相当于6英寸柱长的效率。把溶剂从氧化铝柱的顶端倒进去，跟着移动最快的荧光带，小心的加入一份含500ml溶剂和1gLSD的溶液。它被收集起来之后，用甲醇冲洗以洗脱残存的产品。使用紫外线灯可以较好的防止产物被过度破坏。在真空中蒸发出第二馏分留至第二步。含有最纯的LSD的馏分在真空中浓缩起来，浆状液会缓慢的结晶。这种产品可以用酒石酸转化为酒石酸盐，这种LSD的酒石酸盐更容易结晶。
步骤2 使用红色灯
把甲醇从色谱柱洗脱的物质溶解在尽量少的酒精中。加入两倍体积的4N的KOH酒精溶液，在混合物在室温下放置几小时，用稀盐酸中和，用氨水调制弱碱性，像方案1和2种一样，用氯仿或1,2-二氯乙烷萃取。在真空中蒸发，按照上一步色谱分离。
提示：麦角酸化合物不耐热、光和氧气。加入抗坏血酸作为抗氧化剂，保持容器密闭，使用铝箔遮光，在冰箱中存放都能起到保护的效果。
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First of
All, All we‘re doing is extracting the lysergic acid amides
either from
morning glory or Hawaiian wood rose seeds
首先, 我们所要做的都是从牵牛花或者Hawaiian wood rose的种子里提取D-麦角酸二乙胺
1) Grind up
150 grams of morning glory seeds or baby hawaiian wood rose seeds.
将150克牵牛花或baby hawaiian wood rose的种子磨碎
2) In 130
cc. of petroleum ether soak the seeds for two days.
将磨碎的种子放在130毫升的石油醚中浸泡两天
3) Filter
the Solution through a tight screen.
用一个细密的过滤网过滤这个溶液
4) Throw
away the liquid and let the seed mush dry.
扔掉液体并使种子碎糊(自然)干燥
5) For two
days allow the seed mush to soak in 110 cc. of wood alchohol.
将这些种子碎糊放到110毫升甲醇里浸泡两天
6) Filter
the solution again, saving the liquid and labeling it "1".
再次过滤溶液, 保存过滤的液体并标号为1
7) Resoak
the mush in 110 cc. of wood alcohol for two days
再次将种子碎糊放到110甲醇里浸泡两天
8) Filter
and throw away mush.
过滤溶液并扔掉种子的碎糊
9) Add the
liquid from the second soak to the solution labeled "1".
将第二次过滤得到的液体和标号为1的溶液混合在一起
10) Pour the
liquid into a cookie tray and allow to evaporate.
将得到的液体倒入到一个饼干托盘里并使其蒸发
11) When all
the liquid has evaporated, a yellow gum remains. This should be
scraped up
into capsules.
当所有的液体都蒸发掉后,
会得到一个黄色的胶状物. 这个胶状物需要收集到胶囊里
30 Grams Of
Morning Glory Seeds = One Trip
30克牵牛花种子可以产生一次"旅行"
15 Grams
Hawaiian Wood Rose Seeds = One Trip
15克Hawaiian Wood Rose种子可以产生一次"旅行"
Many
companies, such as Northop-King, have been coating their seeds with a
toxic
chemical, which is poison. Order seeds from a wholesaler, as it is
much safer
and cheaper.
很多公司, 比如Northop-King, 将他们生产的种子的外面包裹一层有毒的化学物质. 因此最好从批发商那里购买种子, 更安全并且更便宜
LSD-25 Synthesis from "Psychedelic Guide to the Preparation of the Eucharist"
Preparatory arrangements
Starting material may be any lysergic acid derivative, from ergot on rye grain or from culture, or morning glory seeds or from synthetic sources. Preparation #1 uses any amide, or lysergic acid as starting material. Preparations #2 and #3 must start with lysergic acid only, prepared from the amides as follows:
10 g of any lysergic acid amide from various natural sources dissolved in 200 ml of methanolic KOH solution and the methanol removed immediately in vacuo. The residue is treated with 200 ml of an 8% aqueous solution of KOH and the mixture heated on a steam bath for one hour. A stream of nitrogen gas is passed through the flask during heating and the evolved NH3 gas may be titrated is HCl to follow the reaction. The alkaline solution is made neutral to congo red with tartaric acid, filtered, cleaned by extraction with ether, the aqueous solution filtered and evaporated. Digest with MeOH to remove some of the coloured material from the crystals of lysergic acid.
Arrange the lighting in the lab similarly to that of a dark room. Use photographic red and yellow safety lights, as lysergic acid derivatives are decomposed when light is present. Rubber gloves must be worn due to the highly poisonous nature of ergot alkaloids. A hair drier, or, better, a flash evaporator, is necessary to speed up steps where evaporation is necessary.
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Preparation #1
Step I. Use Yellow light
Place one volume of powdered ergot alkaloid material in a tiny roundbottom flask and add two volumes of anhydrous hydrazine. An alternate procedure uses a sealed tube in which the reagents are heated at 112 C. The mixture is refluxed (or heated) for 30 minutes. Add 1.5 volumes of H2O and boil 15 minutes. On cooling in the refrigerator, isolysergic acid hydrazide is crystallised.
Step II. Use Red light
Chill all reagents and have ice handy. Dissolve 2.82 g hydrazine rapidly in 100 ml 0.1 N ice-cold HCl using an ice bath to keep the reaction vessel at 0 C. 100 ml ice-cold 0.1 N NaNO2 is added and after 2 to 3 minutes vigorous stirring, 130 ml more HCl is added dropwise with vigorous stirring again in an ice bath. After 5 minutes, neutralise the solution with NaHCO3 saturated sol. and extract with ether. Remove the aqueous solution and try to dissolve the gummy substance in ether. Adjust the ether solution by adding 3 g diethylamine per 300 ml ether extract. Allow to stand in the dark, gradually warming up to 20 C over a period of 24 hours. Evaporate in vacuum and treat as indicated in the purification section for conversion of iso-lysergic amides to lysergic acid amides.
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Preparation #2
Step I. Use Yellow light
5.36 g of d-lysergic acid are suspended in 125 ml of acetonitrile and the suspension cooled to about -20 C in a bath of acetone cooled with dry ice. To the suspension is added a cold (-20 C) solution of 8.82 g of trifluoroacetic anhydride in 75 ml of acetonitrile. The mixture is allowed to stand at -20 C for about 1.5 hours during which the suspended material dissolves, and the d-lysergic acid is converted to the mixed anhydride of lysergic and trifluoroacetic acids. The mixed anhydride can be separated in the form of an oil by evaporating the solvent in vacuo at a temperature below 0 C, but this is not necessary. Everything must be kept anhydrous.
Step II. Use Yellow light
The solution of mixed anhydrides in acetonitrile from Step I is added to 150 ml of a second solution of acetonitrile containing 7.6 g of diethylamine. The mixture is held in the dark at room temperature for about 2 hours. The acetonitrile is evaporated in vacuo, leaving a residue of LSD-25 plus other impurities. The residue is dissolved in 150 ml of chloroform and 20 ml of ice water. The chloroform layer is removed and the aqueous layer is extracted with several portions of chloroform. The chloroform portions are combined and in turn washed with four 50 ml portions of ice-cold water. The chloroform solution is then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and evaporated in vacuo.
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Preparation #3
This procedure gives good yield and is very fast with little iso-lysergic acid being formed (its effect are mildly unpleasant). However, the stoichometry must be exact or yields will drop.
Step I. Use White light
Sulfur trioxide is produced in anhydrous state by carefully decomposing anhydrous ferric sulfate at approximately 480 C. Store under anhydrous conditions.
Step II. Use White light
A carefully dried 22 litre RB flask fitted with an ice bath, condenser, dropping funnel and mechanical stirrer is charged with 10 to 11 litres of dimethylformamide (freshly distilled under reduced pressure). The condenser and dropping funnel are both protected against atmospheric moisture. 2 lb of sulfur trioxide (Sulfan B) are introduced dropwise, very cautiously stirring, during 4 to 5 hours. The temperature is kept at 0-5 C throughout the addition. After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred for 1-2 hours until some separated, crystalline sulfur trioxide-dimethylformamide complex has dissolved. The reagent is transferred to an air- tight automatic pipette for convenient dispensing, and kept in the cold. Although the reagent, which is colourless, may change from yellow to red, its efficiency remains unimpaired for three to four months in cold storage. An aliquot is dissolved in water and titrated with standard NaOH to a phenolphthalein end point.
Step III. Use Red light
A solution of 7.15 g of d-lysergic acid mono hydrate (25 mmol) and 1.06 g of lithium hydroxide hydrate (25 mmol) in 200 ml of MeOH is prepared. The solvent is distilled on the steam bath under reduced pressure. the residue of glass-like lithium lysergate is dissolved in 400 ml of anhydrous dimethyl formamide. From this solution about 200 ml of the dimethyl formamide is distilled off at 15 ml pressure through a 12 inch helices packed column. the resulting anhydrous solution of lithium lysergate left behind is cooled to 0 C and, with stirring, treated rapidly with 500 ml of SO3-DMF solution (1.00 molar). The mixture is stirred in the cold for 10 minutes and then 9.14 g (125.0 mmol) of diethylamine is added. The stirring and cooling are continued for 10 minutes longer, when 400 ml of water is added to decompose the reaction complex. After mixing thoroughly, 200 ml of saturated aqueous saline solution is added. The amide product is isolated by repeated extraction with 500 ml portions of ethylene dichloride. the combined extract is dried and then concentrated to a syrup under reduced pressure. Do not heat up the syrup during concentration. the LSD may crystallise out, but the crystals and the mother liquor may be chromatographed according to the instructions on purification.
Purification of LSD-25
The material obtained by any of these three preparations may contain both lysergic acid and iso-lysergic acid amides. Preparation #1 contains mostly iso-lysergic diethylamide and must be converted prior to separation. For this material, go to Step II first.
Step I
Use darkroom and follow with a long wave UV The material is dissolved in a 3:1 mixture of benzene and chloroform. Pack the chromatography column with a slurry of basic alumina in benzene so that a 1 inch column is six inches long. Drain the solvent to the top of the alumina column and carefully add an aliquot of the LSD-solvent solution containing 50 ml of solvent and 1 g LSD. Run this through the column, following the fastest moving fluorescent band. After it has been collected, strip the remaining material from the column by washing with MeOH. Use the UV light sparingly to prevent excessive damage to the compounds. Evaporate the second fraction in vacuo and set aside for Step II. The fraction containing the pure LSD is concentrated in vacuo and the syrup will crystallise slowly. This material may be converted to the tartrate by tartaric acid and the LSD tartrate conveniently crystallised. MP 190-196 C.
Step II. Use Red light
Dissolve the residue derived from the methanol stripping of the column in a minimum amount of alcohol. Add twice that volume of 4 N alcoholic KOH solution and allow the mixture to stand at room temperature for several hours. Neutralise with dilute HCl, make slightly basic with NH4OH and extract with chloroform or ethylene dichloride as in preparations #1 or #2. Evaporate in vacuo and chromatograph as in the previous step.
Lysergic acid compounds are unstable to heat, light and oxygen. In any form it helps to add ascorbic acid as an anti- oxidant, keeping the container tightly closed, light-tight with aluminum foil, and in a refrigerator.
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Synthesis of d-LSD maleate or tartrate from lysergic acid with POCl3
Ref:
Johnson, Ary, Teiger, Kassel. "Emetic Activity of Reduced Lysergamides." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 16(5):532-537. 1973.
Related:
Huang, Marona-Lewicka, Pfaff, Nichols. "Drug Discrimination and Receptor Binding Studies of N-Isopropyl Lysergamide Derivates." Pharmacology, Biochmistry and Behavior. 47(3):667-673, 1994.
Oberlender, Pfaff, Johnson, Huang, Nichols. "Stereoselective LSD-like Activity in d-Lysergic Acid Amides of (R)- and (S)-2-Aminobutane." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 35(2):203-211, 1992.
Hoffman-AJ, Nichols. "Synthesis and LSD-like Descriminative Stimulus Properties in a Series of N(6)-alkyl Norlysergic Acid N,N-Diethylamide Derivates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 28:1252-1255, 1985.
NOTE: JMC 35(2):203-211 has some amazing stereoviews of LSD which might interest non-chemists who like to cross their eyes.
Under reduced light (or red light) a stirred solution of 3.15g (11 mmol) of d-lysergic acid monohydrate and 4.45g (99 mmol) of diethylamine was brought to reflux by heating. Heat was removed, and reflux was maintained by the addition of 2ml (3.4g, 22mmol) of phosphorous oxychloride (POCl3) over a 2 minute period. The mixture was then refluxed for an additional 4-5 mins until an amber-colored solution resulted. The solution was brought to room temperature and was washed with 200ml of 1M NH4OH. The CHCl3 solution was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum (not allowing the solution to exceed 40 degrees C). The last traces of the solvent were removed at 2-5 mm. The viscious residue was dissolved in a minimum amount of MeOH and acidified with a freshly prepared 20% solution of maleic acid in MeOH. Crystallization occured spontaneously. The needles were filtered, washed with cold MeOH and air-dried. Yield was 66% after further purification by column chromatography over alumina (Brockman) and elution with 3:1 benzene-chloroform. The chromatography takes appx 8-9 hours. Alternatively, it can be crystallized as the (+)-tartrate from MeOH. After crystallizing from cold MeOH, it is diluted with ethyl acetate, filtered and the the crystals are washed with ethyl acetate.
This procedure also works for primary amines and small dialkyl amines. LSD, however, probably remains the most worthwhile product. Other interesting amines might be the N-ethyl-N-propyl derivative (LEP) and the morpholide (LSM-775). 75ug of the morpholide have been reported to have been as effective as 50ug of d-LSD but with 45 min onset (vs 1 hour) and a 1 hour peak (vs 4 hours). The procedure would probably work well for LEP, but yields would be reduced for the morpholide. Other N(20)-alkyl-lysergic acid derivatives tend to be more than 10 times less potent than LSD if not effectively inactive. N(6)-ethyl- (and -allyl- and -propyl-) derivates of LSD may be more active than LSD itself, but synthetic routes to these chemicals presently start with LSD and yields would probably inhibit their appearance on the illicit market. (N(6) is the other nitrogen on the ring structure in addition to the N(1) pyrrole/indole nitrogen). Derivatives of LSD (besides LSA/LA-111 and lysergic acid) are not scheduled, but would be prosecutable under the designer drugs act after testimony from a DEA agent that _in their opinion_ the defendant was planning to distribute them.
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