二、Builder模式

// Builder Pattern

public class NutritionFacts {
    private final int servingSize;
    private final int servings;
    private final int calories;
    private final int fat;
    private final int sodium;
    private final int carbohydrate;

    public static class Builder {
        // Required parameters
        private final int servingSize;
        private final int servings;

        // Optional parameters - initialized to default values
        private int calories      = 0;
        private int fat           = 0;
        private int sodium        = 0;
        private int carbohydrate  = 0;

        public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {
            this.servingSize = servingSize;
            this.servings    = servings;
        }

        public Builder calories(int val) { 
            calories = val;      
            return this;
        }

        public Builder fat(int val) { 
           fat = val;           
           return this;
        }

        public Builder sodium(int val) { 
           sodium = val;        
           return this; 
        }

        public Builder carbohydrate(int val) { 
           carbohydrate = val;  
           return this; 
        }

        public NutritionFacts build() {
            return new NutritionFacts(this);
        }
    }

    private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {
        servingSize  = builder.servingSize;
        servings     = builder.servings;
        calories     = builder.calories;
        fat          = builder.fat;
        sodium       = builder.sodium;
        carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
    }
}

NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts.Builder(240, 8)
    .calories(100).sodium(35).carbohydrate(27).build();