app.use(ctx => {
  switch (ctx.url) {
    case ‘/‘:
    case ‘/index‘:
      ctx.body = ‘index‘
      break
    case ‘list‘:
      ctx.body = ‘list‘
      break
    default:
      ctx.body = ‘not found‘
  }
})

const express = require(‘express‘)
const app = express()

app.get(‘/‘, function (req, res) {
  res.send(‘hi there.‘)
})

const Koa = require(‘koa‘)
const Router = require(‘koa-router‘)

const app = new Koa()
const router = new Router()

router.get(‘/‘, async ctx => {
  ctx.body = ‘hi there.‘
})

app.use(router.routes())
  .use(router.allowedMethods())

.
├── layer.js
└── router.ja

const router = new Router() // 实例化一个Router对象

// 注册一个路由的监听
router.get(‘/‘, async ctx => {
  ctx.body = ‘hi there.‘
})

app
  .use(router.routes()) // 将该Router对象的中间件注册到Koa实例上，后续请求的主要处理逻辑
  .use(router.allowedMethods()) // 添加针对OPTIONS的响应处理，一些预检请求会先触发 OPTIONS 然后才是真正的请求

const Router = require(‘koa-router‘)
const router = new Router({
  prefix: ‘/my/awesome/prefix‘
})

router.get(‘/index‘, ctx => { ctx.body = ‘pong!‘ })

// curl /my/awesome/prefix/index => pong!

function Router(opts) {
  if (!(this instanceof Router)) {
    return new Router(opts)
  }

  this.opts = opts || {}
  this.methods = this.opts.methods || [
    ‘HEAD‘,
    ‘OPTIONS‘,
    ‘GET‘,
    ‘PUT‘,
    ‘PATCH‘,
    ‘POST‘,
    ‘DELETE‘
  ]

  this.params = {}
  this.stack = []
}

const Router = require(‘koa-router‘)
const router = new Router({
  sensitive: true
})

router.get(‘/index‘, ctx => { ctx.body = ‘pong!‘ })

// curl /index => pong!
// curl /Index => 404

const Router = require(‘koa-router‘)
const router = new Router({
  strict: true
})

router.get(‘/index‘, ctx => { ctx.body = ‘pong!‘ })

// curl /index  => pong!
// curl /Index  => pong!
// curl /index/ => 404

const Router = require(‘koa-router‘)
const router = new Router()

router.all(‘/ping‘, ctx => { ctx.body = ‘pong!‘ })

// curl -X GET  /index  => pong!
// curl -X POST /index  => pong!

> curl -X DELETE /index  => pong!
> curl -X PUT    /index  => pong!

const Koa = require(‘koa‘)
const Router = require(‘router‘)

const app = new Koa()
// 修改处1
const methods = [‘GET‘, ‘POST‘]
const router = new Router({
  methods
})

// 修改处2
router.all(‘/‘, async (ctx, next) => {
  // 理想情况下，这些判断应该交由中间件来完成
  if (!~methods.indexOf(ctx.method)) {
    return await next()
  }

  ctx.body = ‘pong!‘
})

> curl -X GET    /index  => pong!
> curl -X POST   /index  => pong!
> curl -X DELETE /index  => Not Implemented
> curl -X PUT    /index  => Not Implemented

Router.prototype.allowedMethods = function (options) {
  options = options || {}
  let implemented = this.methods

  return function allowedMethods(ctx, next) {
    return next().then(function() {
      let allowed = {}

      // 如果进行了ctx.body赋值，必然不会执行后续的逻辑
      // 所以就需要我们自己在中间件中进行判断
      if (!ctx.status || ctx.status === 404) {
        if (!~implemented.indexOf(ctx.method)) {
          if (options.throw) {
            let notImplementedThrowable
            if (typeof options.notImplemented === ‘function‘) {
              notImplementedThrowable = options.notImplemented() // set whatever the user returns from their function
            } else {
              notImplementedThrowable = new HttpError.NotImplemented()
            }
            throw notImplementedThrowable
          } else {
            ctx.status = 501
            ctx.set(‘Allow‘, allowedArr.join(‘, ‘))
          }
        } else if (allowedArr.length) {
          // ...
        }
      }
    })
  }
}

Router.prototype.routes = Router.prototype.middleware = function () {
  let router = this
  let dispatch = function dispatch(ctx, next) {
    let path = router.opts.routerPath || ctx.routerPath || ctx.path
    let matched = router.match(path, ctx.method)
    // 如果匹配到则执行对应的中间件
    // 执行后续操作
  }
  return dispatch
}

const router = new Router({
  routerPath: ‘/index‘
})

router.all(‘/index‘, async (ctx, next) => {
  ctx.body = ‘pong!‘
})
app.use(router.routes())

app.listen(8888, _ => console.log(‘server run as http://127.0.0.1:8888‘))

> curl http://127.0.0.1:8888
pong!
> curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/index
pong!
> curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/whatever/path
pong!

const router = new Router()

router.all(‘/index‘, async (ctx, next) => {
  ctx.body = ‘pong!‘
})

app.use((ctx, next) => {
  ctx.routerPath = ‘/index‘ // 手动改变routerPath
  next()
})
app.use(router.routes())

app.listen(8888, _ => console.log(‘server run as http://127.0.0.1:8888‘))

// 老版本的登录逻辑处理
router.post(‘/login‘, ctx => {
  ctx.body = ‘old login logic!‘
})

// 新版本的登录处理逻辑
router.post(‘/login-v2‘, ctx => {
  ctx.body = ‘new login logic!‘
})

app.use((ctx, next) => {
  if (ctx.path === ‘/login‘) { // 匹配到旧版请求，转发到新版
    ctx.routerPath = ‘/login-v2‘ // 手动改变routerPath
  }
  next()
})
app.use(router.routes())

> curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8888/login
new login logic!

Router.prototype.register = function (path, methods, middleware, opts) {
  opts = opts || {}

  let router = this
  let stack = this.stack

  // support array of paths
  if (Array.isArray(path)) {
    path.forEach(function (p) {
      router.register.call(router, p, methods, middleware, opts)
    })

    return this
  }

  // create route
  let route = new Layer(path, methods, middleware, {
    end: opts.end === false ? opts.end : true,
    name: opts.name,
    sensitive: opts.sensitive || this.opts.sensitive || false,
    strict: opts.strict || this.opts.strict || false,
    prefix: opts.prefix || this.opts.prefix || ‘‘,
    ignoreCaptures: opts.ignoreCaptures
  })

  if (this.opts.prefix) {
    route.setPrefix(this.opts.prefix)
  }

  // add parameter middleware
  Object.keys(this.params).forEach(function (param) {
    route.param(param, this.params[param])
  }, this)

  stack.push(route)

  return route
}

function Layer(path, methods, middleware, opts) {
  this.opts = opts || {}
  this.name = this.opts.name || null
  this.methods = []
  this.paramNames = []
  this.stack = Array.isArray(middleware) ? middleware : [middleware]

  methods.forEach(function(method) {
    var l = this.methods.push(method.toUpperCase());
    if (this.methods[l-1] === ‘GET‘) {
      this.methods.unshift(‘HEAD‘)
    }
  }, this)

  // ensure middleware is a function
  this.stack.forEach(function(fn) {
    var type = (typeof fn)
    if (type !== ‘function‘) {
      throw new Error(
        methods.toString() + " `" + (this.opts.name || path) +"`: `middleware` "
        + "must be a function, not `" + type + "`"
      )
    }
  }, this)

  this.path = path
  this.regexp = pathToRegExp(path, this.paramNames, this.opts)
}

router.register([‘/‘, [‘/path1‘, [‘/path2‘, ‘path3‘]]], [‘GET‘], ctx => {
  ctx.body = ‘hi there.‘
})

> curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/
hi there.
> curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/path1
hi there.
> curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/path3
hi there.

router.register(‘/test1‘, [‘GET‘], _ => {}, {
  name: ‘module‘
})

router.register(‘/test2‘, [‘GET‘], _ => {}, {
  name: ‘module‘
})

console.log(router.url(‘module‘) === ‘/test1‘) // true

try {
  router.register(‘/test2‘, [‘GET‘], null, {
    name: ‘error-module‘
  })
} catch (e) {
  console.error(e) // Error: GET `error-module`: `middleware` must be a function, not `object`
}

// route用来获取命名路由
Router.prototype.route = function (name) {
  var routes = this.stack

  for (var len = routes.length, i=0; i<len; i++) {
    if (routes[i].name && routes[i].name === name) {
      return routes[i] // 匹配到第一个就直接返回了
    }
  }

  return false
}

// url获取该路由对应的URL，并使用传入的参数来生成真实的URL
Router.prototype.url = function (name, params) {
  var route = this.route(name)

  if (route) {
    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1)
    return route.url.apply(route, args)
  }

  return new Error(‘No route found for name: ‘ + name)
}

router.register(
  ‘/list/:id‘, [‘GET‘], ctx => {
    ctx.body = `Hi ${ctx.params.id}, query: ${ctx.querystring}`
  }, {
    name: ‘list‘
  }
)

router.register(‘/‘, [‘GET‘], ctx => {
  // /list/1?name=Niko
  ctx.redirect(
    router.url(‘list‘, { id: 1 }, { query: { name: ‘Niko‘ } })
  )
})

// curl -L http://127.0.0.1:8888 => Hi 1, query: name=Niko

const Layer = require(‘koa-router/lib/layer‘)
const layer = new Layer(‘/list/:id/info/:name‘, [], [_ => {}])

console.log(layer.url({ id: 123, name: ‘Niko‘ }))
console.log(layer.url([123, ‘Niko‘]))
console.log(layer.url(123, ‘Niko‘))
console.log(
  layer.url(123, ‘Niko‘, {
    query: {
      arg1: 1,
      arg2: 2
    }
  })
)

// 可以简单的认为是这样的操作：
let hash = { id: 123, name: ‘Niko‘ }
‘/list/:id/:name‘.replace(/(?:\/:)(\w+)/g, (_, $1) => `/${hash[$1]}`)

// Layer实例化的操作
function Layer(path, methods, middleware, opts) {
  // 省略不相干操作
  this.path = path
  this.regexp = pathToRegExp(path, this.paramNames, this.opts)
}

// 只有调用setPrefix才会应用前缀
Layer.prototype.setPrefix = function (prefix) {
  if (this.path) {
    this.path = prefix + this.path
    this.paramNames = []
    this.regexp = pathToRegExp(this.path, this.paramNames, this.opts)
  }

  return this
}

router.prefix(‘/things/:thing_id‘)

router.register(‘/index‘, [‘GET‘], ctx => {
  ctx.body = ‘hi there.‘
})

router.prefix(‘/path1‘)
router.prefix(‘/path2‘)

// > curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/path2/path1/index
// hi there.

if (end) {
  if (!strict) route += ‘(?:‘ + delimiter + ‘)?‘

  route += endsWith === ‘$‘ ? ‘$‘ : ‘(?=‘ + endsWith + ‘)‘
} else {
  if (!strict) route += ‘(?:‘ + delimiter + ‘(?=‘ + endsWith + ‘))?‘
  if (!isEndDelimited) route += ‘(?=‘ + delimiter + ‘|‘ + endsWith + ‘)‘
}

return new RegExp(‘^‘ + route, flags(options))

router.register(
  ‘/list‘, [‘GET‘], ctx => {
    ctx.body = ‘hi there.‘
  }, {
    end: false,
    strict: true
  }
)

/^\/list(?=\/|$)/i

// 可以通过下述代码获取到正则
require(‘path-to-regexp‘).tokensToRegExp(‘/list/‘, {end: false, strict: true})

router.register(‘/list/:id‘, [‘GET‘], ctx => {
  console.log(ctx.captures, ctx.params)
  // [‘1‘], { id: ‘1‘ }
})

// > curl /list/1

router.register(‘/list/:id‘, [‘GET‘], ctx => {
  console.log(ctx.captures, ctx.params)
  // [ ], {  }
}, {
  ignoreCaptures: true
})
// > curl /list/1

// 中间件的逻辑
ctx.captures = layer.captures(path, ctx.captures)
ctx.params = layer.params(path, ctx.captures, ctx.params)
ctx.routerName = layer.name
return next()
// 中间件的逻辑 end

// layer提供的方法
Layer.prototype.captures = function (path) {
  if (this.opts.ignoreCaptures) return []
  return path.match(this.regexp).slice(1)
}

Layer.prototype.params = function (path, captures, existingParams) {
  var params = existingParams || {}

  for (var len = captures.length, i=0; i<len; i++) {
    if (this.paramNames[i]) {
      var c = captures[i]
      params[this.paramNames[i].name] = c ? safeDecodeURIComponent(c) : c
    }
  }

  return params
}

// 所做的事情大致如下：
// [18, ‘Niko‘] + [‘age‘, ‘name‘]
// =>
// { age: 18, name: ‘Niko‘ }

Object.keys(this.params).forEach(function (param) {
  route.param(param, this.params[param])
}, this)

stack.push(route) // 装载

Router.prototype.param = function (param, middleware) {
  this.params[param] = middleware
  this.stack.forEach(function (route) {
    route.param(param, middleware)
  })
  return this
}

router.register(‘/list/:id‘, [‘GET‘], (ctx, next) => {
  ctx.body = `hello: ${ctx.name}`
})

router.param(‘id‘, (param, ctx, next) => {
  console.log(`got id: ${param}`)
  ctx.name = ‘Niko‘
  next()
})

router.param(‘id‘, (param, ctx, next) => {
  console.log(‘param2‘)
  next()
})


// > curl /list/1
// got id: 1
// param2
// hello: Niko

// get|put|post|patch|delete|del
// 循环注册多个METHOD的快捷方式
methods.forEach(function (method) {
  Router.prototype[method] = function (name, path, middleware) {
    let middleware

    if (typeof path === ‘string‘ || path instanceof RegExp) {
      middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2)
    } else {
      middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1)
      path = name
      name = null
    }

    this.register(path, [method], middleware, {
      name: name
    })

    return this
  }
})

Router.prototype.del = Router.prototype[‘delete‘] // 以及最后的一个别名处理，因为del并不是有效的METHOD

Router.prototype.use = function () {
  var router = this
  middleware.forEach(function (m) {
    if (m.router) { // 这里是通过`router.routes()`传递进来的
      m.router.stack.forEach(function (nestedLayer) {
        if (path) nestedLayer.setPrefix(path)
        if (router.opts.prefix) nestedLayer.setPrefix(router.opts.prefix) // 调用`use`的Router实例的`prefix`
        router.stack.push(nestedLayer)
      })

      if (router.params) {
        Object.keys(router.params).forEach(function (key) {
          m.router.param(key, router.params[key])
        })
      }
    } else { // 普通的中间件注册
      router.register(path || ‘(.*)‘, [], m, { end: false, ignoreCaptures: !hasPath })
    }
  })
}

// 在routes方法有这样的一步操作
Router.prototype.routes = Router.prototype.middleware = function () {
  function dispatch() {
    // ...
  }

  dispatch.router = this // 将router实例赋值给了返回的函数

  return dispatch
}

router.use(‘/list‘, ctx => {
  // 如果只有这么一个中间件，无论如何也不会执行的
})

// 必须要存在相同路径的`register`回调
router.get(‘/list‘, ctx => { })

app.use(router.routes())

Router.prototype.match = function (path, method) {
  var layers = this.stack
  var layer
  var matched = {
    path: [],
    pathAndMethod: [],
    route: false
  }

  for (var len = layers.length, i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    layer = layers[i]

    if (layer.match(path)) {
      matched.path.push(layer)

      if (layer.methods.length === 0 || ~layer.methods.indexOf(method)) {
        matched.pathAndMethod.push(layer)

        // 只有在发现不为空的`methods`以后才会设置`flag`
        if (layer.methods.length) matched.route = true
      }
    }
  }

  return matched
}

// 以及在`routes`中有这样的操作
Router.prototype.routes = Router.prototype.middleware = function () {
  function dispatch(ctx, next) {

    // 如果没有`flag`，直接跳过
    if (!matched.route) return next()
  }

  return dispatch
}

const middlewareRouter = new Router()
const routerPage1 = new Router({
  prefix: ‘/page1‘
})

const routerPage2 = new Router({
  prefix: ‘/page2‘
})

middlewareRouter.get(‘/list/:id‘, async (ctx, next) => {
  console.log(‘trigger middleware‘)
  ctx.body = `hi there.`
  await next()
})

routerPage1.use(middlewareRouter.routes())
routerPage2.use(middlewareRouter.routes())

app.use(middlewareRouter.routes())
app.use(routerPage1.routes())
app.use(routerPage2.routes())

app.use(router.routes())
app.use(router.allowedMethods())

Router.prototype.routes = Router.prototype.middleware = function () {
  var router = this

  var dispatch = function dispatch(ctx, next) {
    var path = router.opts.routerPath || ctx.routerPath || ctx.path
    var matched = router.match(path, ctx.method)
    var layerChain, layer, i

    if (ctx.matched) {
      ctx.matched.push.apply(ctx.matched, matched.path)
    } else {
      ctx.matched = matched.path
    }

    ctx.router = router

    if (!matched.route) return next()

    var matchedLayers = matched.pathAndMethod
    var mostSpecificLayer = matchedLayers[matchedLayers.length - 1]
    ctx._matchedRoute = mostSpecificLayer.path
    if (mostSpecificLayer.name) {
      ctx._matchedRouteName = mostSpecificLayer.name
    }

    layerChain = matchedLayers.reduce(function(memo, layer) {
      memo.push(function(ctx, next) {
        ctx.captures = layer.captures(path, ctx.captures)
        ctx.params = layer.params(path, ctx.captures, ctx.params)
        ctx.routerName = layer.name
        return next()
      })
      return memo.concat(layer.stack)
    }, [])

    return compose(layerChain)(ctx, next)
  };

  dispatch.router = this

  return dispatch
}

Router.prototype.match = function (path, method) {
  var layers = this.stack // 这个就是获取的Router实例中所有的中间件对应的layer对象
  var layer
  var matched = {
    path: [],
    pathAndMethod: [],
    route: false
  }

  for (var len = layers.length, i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    layer = layers[i]

    if (layer.match(path)) { // 这里就是一个简单的正则匹配
      matched.path.push(layer)

      if (layer.methods.length === 0 || ~layer.methods.indexOf(method)) {
        // 将有效的中间件推入
        matched.pathAndMethod.push(layer)

        // 判断是否存在METHOD
        if (layer.methods.length) matched.route = true
      }
    }
  }

  return matched
}

// 一个简单的正则匹配
Layer.prototype.match = function (path) {
  return this.regexp.test(path)
}

const router1 = new Router()
const router2 = new Router()

router1.post(‘/‘, _ => {})

router1.get(‘/‘, async (ctx, next) => {
  ctx.redirectBody = ‘hi‘
  console.log(`trigger router1, matched length: ${ctx.matched.length}`)
  await next()
})

router2.get(‘/‘, async (ctx, next) => {
  ctx.redirectBody = ‘hi‘
  console.log(`trigger router2, matched length: ${ctx.matched.length}`)
  await next()
})

app.use(router1.routes())
app.use(router2.routes())

// >  curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/
// => trigger router1, matched length: 2
// => trigger router2, matched length: 3

var matchedLayers = matched.pathAndMethod

layerChain = matchedLayers.reduce(function(memo, layer) {
  memo.push(function(ctx, next) {
    ctx.captures = layer.captures(path, ctx.captures)
    ctx.params = layer.params(path, ctx.captures, ctx.params)
    ctx.routerName = layer.name
    return next()
  })
  return memo.concat(layer.stack)
}, [])

return compose(layerChain)(ctx, next)

[
  layer1[0], // 第一个register中对应的中间件1
  layer1[1], // 第一个register中对应的中间件2
  layer2[0]  // 第二个register中对应的中间件1
]

// =>

[
  (ctx, next) => {
    ctx.params = layer1.params // 第一个register对应信息的赋值  
    return next()
  },
  layer1[0], // 第一个register中对应的中间件1
  layer1[1], // 第一个register中对应的中间件2
  (ctx, next) => {
    ctx.params = layer2.params // 第二个register对应信息的赋值  
    return next()
  },
  layer2[0]  // 第二个register中对应的中间件1
]