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关于有类路由协议和无类路由协议

时间:2018-08-17 16:33:18      阅读:326      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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有类路由协议:

RIPv1,IGRP

无类路由协议:RIPv2,EIGRP,OSPF,IS-IS,BGP

 

有类路由协议在主类边界路由器上自动汇总:(抛开接口谈网络都是扯淡)

(1) 对于相同主类网络的子网,如果mask与出口mask相同,则把该子网通过外出接口发布出去;

(2) 对于相同主类网络的子网,如果mask与出口接口的mask不同,则把该子网丢弃;对于不同主类网络的子网,无论mask与出口接口的mask是否相同,把该网段汇总成主类网络发布出去。

(3)对于不同主类网络的子网,无论mask与出口接口的mask是否相同,把该网段汇总成主类网络发布出去。

技术分享图片

R1配置:

interface Loopback0

ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0

interface Loopback1

ip address 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.128

interface Loopback2

ip address 11.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

interface Loopback3

ip address 11.0.1.1 255.255.255.128

interface Serial1/0

ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

R2配置:

interface Serial1/0

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

interface Serial1/1

ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.0

R3配置:

interface Serial1/1

ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0

 

对R1和R2路由器配置RIPv1路由协议:

R1:

router rip

network 10.0.0.0

network 11.0.0.0

R2:

router rip

network 10.0.0.0

查看R2的路由表:

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R 10.0.1.0 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0      //与发布路由的出接口掩码相同,则发布出去

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0      //与接口处于不同子网,则按照主网络发布出去

 

解析:

(1)R 10.0.1.0 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0

Loopback0的IP地址设置掩码为24位,与出口接口s1/0的掩码一致,因此按照上文中的第一种情况,该子网可以发布出去;

Loopback1的IP地址设置掩码为25位,与出口接口s1/0的掩码不一致,因此按照上文中的第二种情况,该子网被抛弃:

R2#ping 10.0.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/84/340 ms

R2#ping 10.0.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

(2)R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0

Loopback2和Loopback3的IP地址与出口接口s1/0属于不同的主类网络,因此按照上文中的第三种情况,将该网段汇总成主类网络发布出去。

 

对R3路由器配置RIPv1路由协议:

router rip

network 172.16.0.0

在R2路由器上发布172.16.0.0网段

router rip

network 172.16.0.0

查看R3路由表:

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/1

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/1

解析:

R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/1

R2上的路由表信息:

C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R 10.0.1.0 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0

需要通过R2路由器的s1/1接口发布出去,因为与s1/1接口不属于同一主类网络,因此汇总为10.0.0.0/8发布出去。

R3路由器ping R1路由器的结果如下所示:

R3#ping 10.0.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

.!!!!

Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/418/1540 ms

R3#ping 10.0.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

UUUUU

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

R3#ping 11.0.0.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 11.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/48/64 ms

R3#ping 11.0.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 11.0.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/51/80 ms

 

只有对loopback1接口显示UUUUU,意思为主机不可达

 

有类和无类协议的区别就在于是否支持VLSM,有类的不发送掩码,不支持VLSM,无类的相反。默认情况下有类和无类在边界路由器上自动进行汇总(OSPF不在边界自动汇总),无类协议可以关闭自动汇总,no auto-summary。

 

假如在R3路由器上配置loopback0接口,地址配置为10.0.3.1/24,路由协议采用RIPv2,如果按照默认汇总默认路由,R2路由表会出现10.0.0.0/8不知道出口的情况。

关于有类路由协议和无类路由协议

标签:cond   outer   https   协议   img   出现   子网   相同   -o   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cumo/p/9493683.html

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