nginx 工作原理和配置文件讲解

4、配置文件介绍
[root@kg02 nginx]# grep -Ev "^$|#" nginx.conf.default 
worker_processes  1;  #work 进程的数量
events {              #事件区块开始
    worker_connections  1024; #每个worker 进程支持的最大连接数
}
http {                        #http 区块开始
    include       mime.types;  #nginx 支持的媒体类型库文件
    default_type  application/octet-stream;  #默认的媒体类型
    sendfile        on; #开启高速传输模式
    keepalive_timeout  65; #连接超时
    server {               #第一个server 区
        listen       80;    #提供服务的端口，默认是80 端口
        server_name  localhost; #提供服务的域名主机名
        location / {
            root   html;   #站点的根目录
            index  index.html index.htm; #默认的首页文件，多个用空格分开
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html; #出现对应的http 状态码，使用50x.html 回应客户
        location = /50x.html {  #访问50x.html 
            root   html; #指定对应的站点目录为html
        }
    }
}

5、配置虚拟主机
5.1 基于多域名配置虚拟主机
[root@nginx01 html]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user root; 
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  aaa.gd.com;
        location / {
            root   /root/aaa;
            index  index.html index.htm;
       }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  bbb.gd.com;
        location / {
            root   /root/bbb;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

}
[root@nginx01 html]# /etc/init.d/nginx restart
[root@nginx01 html]# cat /root/aaa/index.html 
aaa
[root@nginx01 html]# cat /root/bbb/index.html 
Bbb

#访问
[root@nginx02 ~]# curl aaa.gd.com
aaa
[root@nginx02 ~]# curl bbb.gd.com
bbb

5.2 基于多端口配置虚拟主机
[root@nginx01 html]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user root;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  aaa.gd.com;
        location / {
            root   /root/aaa;
            index  index.html index.htm;
       }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       81;
        server_name  bbb.gd.com;
        location / {
            root   /root/bbb;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

}
[root@nginx02 ~]# curl aaa.gd.com
aaa
[root@nginx02 ~]# curl bbb.gd.com:81
Bbb

6.nginx 状态信息功能实战
[root@nginx01 html]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  aaa.gd.com;
        location / {
            root   /root/aaa;
            stub_status on; #开启状态信息
            index  index.html index.htm;
       }
[root@nginx02 ~]# curl aaa.gd.com
Active connections: 1 
server accepts handled requests
 6 6 6 
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0
# Active connections: 1 （正处理的活动连接数有1个）
Server 表示nginx 启动到现在共处理了6个连接
Accepts 成功创建了多少次握手
Handled requests 表示总共处理了多少次请求
#这些信息不能给用户看到，可以通过其他测试工具获取

7、配置错误日志
[root@nginx01 html]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user root;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
[root@nginx01 ~]# head -n5 /var/log/nginx/error.log 
2018/08/26 23:43:45 [error] 2540#0: *1 "/root/aaa/index.html" is forbidden (13: Permission denied), 
client: 192.168.1.232, server: aaa.gd.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "aaa.gd.com"

# 日志级别warn/error/crit 默认使用error

8、access.log访问日志分析
[root@nginx01 ~]# cat /var/log/nginx/access.log |head -n2
192.168.1.232 - - [26/Aug/2018:23:43:45 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 169 "-" "curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) 
libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.14.0.0 zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2"
#192.168.1.232 客户端的ip
 403 表示状态码
 169 响应的大小

#可以在日志中加入buffer和flush 参数，提高访问性能

9、访问日志轮询切割
[root@nginx01 ~]# cat log.sh 
#!/bin/bash
DATE=`date +%F`
BASEDIR="/var/log/nginx/"
LOGNAME="access"
cd $BASEDIR
/bin/mv ${LOGNAME}.log ${LOGNAME}_${DATE}.log
/etc/init.d/nginx -s reload
[root@nginx01 ~]# crontab -l
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /root/log.sh >/dev/null 2>&1