标签：定义 param ural pre 保留 mode 没有 _id raise
python manage.py createsuperuser
from app01 import models admin.site.register(models.类名) 示例： from django.contrib import admin from app01 import models # Register your models here admin.site.register(models.Author) admin.site.register(models.Publisher) admin.site.register(models.Book)
1. admin页面显示中文（settings.py） settings.py中修改LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-hans‘ 2. 表名显示中文（models.py） 类下面写如下配置项 class Meta: verbose_name = "出版社" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name 3. 字段显示中文（models.py） address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称") address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "出版社" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者名称") gender = models.SmallIntegerField( choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")), default=2, verbose_name="性别" ) age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "作者管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="书籍名称") # auto_now_add:创建时间 auto_add:修改时间 publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="出版时间") phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="手机号") publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社") authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者") def __str__(self): return self.title class Meta: verbose_name = "书籍管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
1. 生成HTML代码 2. 帮我们做数据有效性的校验 3. 保留上次输入内容，显示错误提示
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
"""
书籍表
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=36, verbose_name="图书", unique=True)
publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", default=None, verbose_name="出版社")
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者")
create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
verbose_name = "图书管理"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Publisher(models.Model):
"""
出版社表
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=36, verbose_name="出版社", unique=True)
address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")
create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
verbose_name = "出版社管理"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Author(models.Model):
"""
作者表
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者")
sex = models.SmallIntegerField(
choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")),
default=2,
verbose_name="性别"
)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄", null=True)
create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
verbose_name = "作者管理"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^book_list/$‘, views.book_list),
url(r‘^add_book/$‘, views.add_book),
url(r‘^edit_book/(\d+)/‘, views.edit_book),
]
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models
# Create your views here.
def book_list(request):
"""
书籍列表
:param request:
:return:
"""
data = models.Book.objects.all()
return render(request, "book_list.html", locals())
def add_book(request):
"""
添加书籍
:param request:
:return:
"""
if request.method == "POST":
book_name = request.POST.get("book_name")
publisher_name = request.POST.get("publisher_name")
author_name = request.POST.getlist("author_name")
book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(name=book_name, publisher_id=publisher_name)
book_obj.authors.add(*author_name)
return redirect("/book_list/")
authors = models.Author.objects.all()
publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all()
return render(request, "add_book.html", locals())
def edit_book(request, book_id):
"""
编辑书籍
:param request:
:return:
"""
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=book_id).first()
if request.method == "POST":
book_name = request.POST.get("book_name")
publisher_name = request.POST.get("publisher_name")
author_name = request.POST.getlist("author_name")
book_obj.name = book_name
book_obj.publisher_id = publisher_name
book_obj.save()
book_obj.authors.set(author_name)
return redirect("/book_list/")
authors = models.Author.objects.all()
publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all()
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>书籍列表</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <a href="/add_book/" class="btn btn-success">添加书籍</a> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <td>#</td> <td>名称</td> <td>作者</td> <td>出版社</td> <td>操作</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for datum in data %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ datum.name }}</td> <td> {% for author in datum.authors.all %} {% if forloop.last %} {{ author.name }} {% else %} {{ author.name }}, {% endif %} {% endfor %} </td> <td>{{ datum.publisher.name }}</td> <td> <a href="/edit_book/{{ datum.id }}/" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-warning">删除</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="book_name">书籍名称</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book_name" placeholder="书籍名称" name="book_name"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="publisher_name">出版社</label> <select name="publisher_name" id="" class="form-control"> {% for publisher in publishers %} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="author_name">作者</label> <select name="author_name" id="" class="form-control" multiple> {% for author in authors %} <option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="book_name">书籍名称</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book_name" value="{{ book_obj.name }}" name="book_name"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="publisher_name">出版社</label> <select name="publisher_name" id="" class="form-control"> {% for publisher in publishers %} {% if book_obj.publisher_id == publisher.id %} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}" selected>{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="author_name">作者</label> <select name="author_name" id="" class="form-control" multiple> {% for author in authors %} {% if author in book_obj.authors.all %} <option value="{{ author.id }}" selected>{{ author.name }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button> </form> </body> </html>
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Publisher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称")
address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
verbose_name = "出版社"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者名称")
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(
choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")),
default=2,
verbose_name="性别"
)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
verbose_name = "作者管理"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="书籍名称")
# auto_now_add:创建时间 auto_add:修改时间
publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="出版时间")
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="手机号")
publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社")
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Meta:
verbose_name = "书籍管理"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^book_list/$‘, views.book_list),
url(r‘^add_book/$‘, views.add_book),
url(r‘^edit_book/(\d+)/$‘, views.edit_book), # edit_book(request, id)
]
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from app01 import models
from django import forms
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# Create your views here.
# 自定义一个字段的校验规则函数
def phone_validate(value):
# 拿用户填写的手机号去数据库查找有没有
is_exist = models.Book.objects.filter(phone=value)
if is_exist:
# 如果该手机号已经被使用就不能再注册
raise ValidationError("该手机号已经被注册！")
else:
return value
# 自定义一个form类
class BookForm(forms.Form):
title = forms.CharField(
max_length=12,
min_length=6,
label="书名",
# initial="书名的默认值",
widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
)
publish_date = forms.DateField(
label="出版日期",
widget=forms.widgets.DateInput(attrs={"type": "date", "class": "form-control"})
)
phone = forms.CharField(
max_length=11,
# required=False,
# validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^1[356789]\d{9}$‘, "手机号码格式不正确"), phone_validate],
validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^1[356789]\d{9}$‘, "手机号码格式不正确")],
widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
)
# publisher = forms.ChoiceField(
# # choices=models.Publisher.objects.values_list("id", "name"),
# widget=forms.widgets.Select()
# )
publisher = forms.ModelChoiceField(
queryset=models.Publisher.objects.all(),
widget=forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
)
authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(
queryset=models.Author.objects.all(),
widget=forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
)
# 自定义一个局部钩子函数
def clean_title(self):
value = self.cleaned_data.get("title")
# 判断有没有敏感词
if "alex" in value:
raise ValidationError("alex已被河蟹...")
else:
return value
# 全局钩子函数
def clean(self):
# 可以从self.cleaned_data取到所有字段的数据
# self.add_error("字段", "密码和确认密码不一致")
pass
def book_list(request):
data = models.Book.objects.all()
# return render(request, "book_list.html", {"data": data})
# locals()以字典的形式把当前作用域的变量表示出来
return render(request, "book_list.html", locals())
def add_book(request):
form_obj = BookForm()
if request.method == "POST":
# 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据
# 做校验
form_obj = BookForm(request.POST)
if form_obj.is_valid(): # 做数据有效性的校验
# 去数据库创建新的数据
print(form_obj.cleaned_data)
# 因为有多对多的字段，所以需要额外处理
authors = form_obj.cleaned_data.pop("authors")
# 创建新书籍对象
book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(**form_obj.cleaned_data)
# 将书籍对象和作者建立关联
book_obj.authors.add(*authors)
return redirect("/book_list/")
return render(request, "add_book.html", locals())
def edit_book(request, pk):
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
# book_dict = {
# "title": book_obj.title,
# "publish_date": book_obj.publish_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
# }
# 把ORM中一个对象 快速转换成 字典格式
from django.forms import model_to_dict
book_dict = model_to_dict(book_obj)
book_dict["publish_date"] = book_obj.publish_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
print(book_dict)
print("=" * 120)
# form_obj = BookForm({"title": "书的默认值呀2", "publish_date": "2018-01-01"})
form_obj = BookForm(book_dict)
if request.method == "POST":
# 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据
form_obj = BookForm(request.POST)
if form_obj.is_valid():
# 去数据库更新对应的书籍
book_obj.title = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("title")
book_obj.publish_date = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("publish_date")
book_obj.publisher_id = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("publisher")
book_obj.save()
book_obj.authors.set(form_obj.cleaned_data.get("authors")) # 让ORM去更新第三张关系表
return redirect("/book_list/")
return render(request, "edit_book.html", locals())
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <a href="/add_book/">添加书籍</a> <table border="1"> <tbody> {% for book in data %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ book.id }}</td> <td>{{ book.title }}</td> <td>{{ book.publish_date }}</td> <td>{{ book.publisher }}</td> <td>{{ book.authors.all }}</td> <td> <a href="">删除</a> <a href="/edit_book/{{ book.id }}/">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <h1>添加书籍</h1> <form action="" method="post" novalidate autocomplete="off"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form_obj %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <h1>编辑书籍</h1> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form_obj %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
1. 内置的校验规则 1. require=True 该字段必填 2. max_length 该字段的最大长度 3. min_length 该字段的最小长度
2. 自定义校验规则 1. phone的格式 利用内置的正则校验器 from django.core.validators import RegexValidator validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^1[356789]\d{9}$‘, "手机号码格式不正确")], 2. 手机号的唯一性校验 validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^1[356789]\d{9}$‘, "手机号码格式不正确"), phone_validate], # 自定义一个字段的校验规则函数 def phone_validate(value): # 拿用户填写的手机号去数据库查找有没有 is_exist = models.Book.objects.filter(phone=value) if is_exist: # 如果该手机号已经被使用就不能再注册 raise ValidationError("该手机号已经被注册！") else: return value 3. 使用钩子函数做校验 1. 局部钩子（hook） 在form类内部定义一个 clean_字段名() 方法 # 自定义一个局部钩子函数 def clean_title(self): value = self.cleaned_data.get("title") # 判断有没有敏感词 if "alex" in value: raise ValidationError("alex已被河蟹...") else: return value 2. 全局钩子 在form类内部定义一个 clean() 方法 # 全局钩子函数 def clean(self): # 可以从self.cleaned_data取到所有字段的数据 # self.add_error("字段", "密码和确认密码不一致") pass
1. 每一个字段设置默认值 initial="默认值"
1. 必须继承forms.ModelForm class BookModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
2. class Meta： class Meta: model = models.Book # fields = "__all__" # model类里所有的字段都展示 # fields = ["title", ] # 指定展示某些字段 exclude = ["title", ] # 除了指定字段，其他字段都展示 labels = { # 设置label标签名 "title": "书名", "phone": "手机号", "publisher": "出版社", "authors": "作者", } widgets = { # 设置每个字段的插件信息 "title": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "phone": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "publisher": forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "authors": forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), } error_messages = { # 设置每个字段的报错提示信息 "publisher": { "required": "必须给我选一个出版社！" } }
3. 实例化 1. form_obj = BookModelForm() 2. BookModelForm(instance=book_obj) 3. BookModelForm(request.POST, instance=book_obj)
4. 保存
form_obj.save()
代码示例
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称") address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "出版社" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=12) gender = models.SmallIntegerField( choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")), default=2 ) age = models.IntegerField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True) # auto_now_add:创建时间 auto_add:修改时间 publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True) phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True) publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author") def __str__(self): return self.title
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^book_list/$‘, views.book_list), url(r‘^add_book/$‘, views.add_book), url(r‘^edit_book/(\d+)/$‘, views.edit_book), # edit_book(request, id) ]
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse from app01 import models from app01.forms import BookForm, BookModelForm # Create your views here. def book_list(request): data = models.Book.objects.all() # return render(request, "book_list.html", {"data": data}) # locals()以字典的形式把当前作用域的变量表示出来 return render(request, "book_list.html", locals()) def add_book(request): form_obj = BookModelForm() if request.method == "POST": # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据 # 做校验 form_obj = BookModelForm(request.POST) if form_obj.is_valid(): # 做数据有效性的校验 form_obj.save() return redirect("/book_list/") return render(request, "add_book.html", locals()) def edit_book(request, pk): book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=pk).first() form_obj = BookModelForm(instance=book_obj) if request.method == "POST": # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据 form_obj = BookModelForm(request.POST, instance=book_obj) if form_obj.is_valid(): # 去数据库更新对应的书籍 form_obj.save() return redirect("/book_list/") return render(request, "edit_book.html", locals())
from django import forms from django.core.validators import RegexValidator from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from app01 import models # 写一个和Model类一一对应的form class BookModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.Book # fields = "__all__" # model类里所有的字段都展示 # fields = ["title", ] # 指定展示某些字段 exclude = ["title", ] # 除了指定字段，其他字段都展示 labels = { # 设置label标签名 "title": "书名", "phone": "手机号", "publisher": "出版社", "authors": "作者", } widgets = { # 设置每个字段的插件信息 "title": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "phone": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "publisher": forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "authors": forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), } error_messages = { # 设置每个字段的报错提示信息 "publisher": { "required": "必须给我选一个出版社！" } }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <a href="/add_book/">添加书籍</a> <table border="1"> <tbody> {% for book in data %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ book.id }}</td> <td>{{ book.title }}</td> <td>{{ book.publish_date }}</td> <td>{{ book.publisher }}</td> <td>{{ book.authors.all }}</td> <td> <a href="">删除</a> <a href="/edit_book/{{ book.id }}/">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <h1>添加书籍</h1> <form action="" method="post" novalidate autocomplete="off"> {% for field in form_obj %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <h1>编辑书籍</h1> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form_obj %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
标签：定义 param ural pre 保留 mode 没有 _id raise
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/spf21/p/9559710.html
