标签:delete 字符串替换 eating stand list bash trunc opera pts
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/ginvip/p/6354440.html
什么是tr命令?tr,translate的简写,translate的翻译:
[tr?ns?leit]
vi. 翻译, 能被译出
vt. 翻译, 解释, 转化, 转变为, 调动
在这里用到的意思是转化,转变,转换,在linux下输入tr --help查看一下提示:
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amosli@amosli-pc:~$ tr --help Usage: tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2] Translate, squeeze, and /or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output. -c, -C, --complement use the complement of SET1 -d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate -s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character -t, --truncate-set1 first truncate SET1 to length of SET2 --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves. Interpreted sequences are: \NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits) \\ backslash \a audible BEL \b backspace \f form feed \n new line \r return \t horizontal tab \ v vertical tab CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order [CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1 [CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0 [:alnum:] all letters and digits [:alpha:] all letters [:blank:] all horizontal whitespace [:cntrl:] all control characters [:digit:] all digits [:graph:] all printable characters, not including space [:lower:] all lower case letters [:print:] all printable characters, including space [:punct:] all punctuation characters [:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace [:upper:] all upper case letters [:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits [=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear. -t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. -s uses SET1 if not translating nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after translation or deletion. |
全是英文?翻译过来看下:
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tr [选项]… 集合1 [集合2] 选项说明: -c, -C, –complement 用集合1中的字符串替换,要求字符集为ASCII。 -d, –delete 删除集合1中的字符而不是转换 -s, –squeeze-repeats 删除所有重复出现字符序列,只保留第一个;即将重复出现字符串压缩为一个字符串。 -t, –truncate-set1 先删除第一字符集较第二字符集多出的字符 字符集合的范围: \NNN 八进制值的字符 NNN (1 to 3 为八进制值的字符) \\ 反斜杠 \a Ctrl-G 铃声 \b Ctrl-H 退格符 \f Ctrl-L 走行换页 \n Ctrl-J 新行 \r Ctrl-M 回车 \t Ctrl-I tab键 \ v Ctrl-X 水平制表符 CHAR1-CHAR2 从CHAR1 到 CHAR2的所有字符按照ASCII字符的顺序 [CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1 [CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0 [:alnum:] 所有的字母和数字 [:alpha:] 所有字母 [:blank:] 水平制表符,空白等 [:cntrl:] 所有控制字符 [:digit:] 所有的数字 [:graph:] 所有可打印字符,不包括空格 [:lower:] 所有的小写字符 [:print:] 所有可打印字符,包括空格 [:punct:] 所有的标点字符 [:space:] 所有的横向或纵向的空白 [:upper:] 所有大写字母 |
tr用来从标准输入中通过替换或删除操作进行字符转换。tr主要用于删除文件中控制字符或进行字符转换。使用tr时要转换两个字符串:字符串1用于查询,字符串2用于处理各种转换。tr刚执行时,字符串1中的字符被映射到字符串2中的字符,然后转换操作开始。
通过使用 tr,您可以非常容易地实现 sed 的许多最基本功能。您可以将 tr 看作为 sed 的(极其)简化的变体:它可以用一个字符来替换另一个字符,或者可以完全除去一些字符。您也可以用它来除去重复字符。这就是所有 tr 所能够做的。
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tr -c -d -s [ "string1_to_translate_from" ] [ "string2_to_translate_to" ] < input- file |
这里:
指定字符串1或字符串2的内容时,只能使用单字符或字符串范围或列表。
[a-z] a-z内的字符组成的字符串。
[A-Z] A-Z内的字符组成的字符串。
[0-9] 数字串。
\octal 一个三位的八进制数,对应有效的ASCII字符。
[O*n] 表示字符O重复出现指定次数n。因此[O*2]匹配OO的字符串。
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速记符含义八进制方式 \a Ctrl-G 铃声\007 \b Ctrl-H 退格符\010 \f Ctrl-L 走行换页\014 \n Ctrl-J 新行\012 \r Ctrl-M 回车\015 \t Ctrl-I tab键\011 \ v Ctrl-X \030 |
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[root@Gin scripts] # cat t.txt abc [root@Gin scripts] # cat t.txt |tr "abc" "xyz" xyz [root@Gin scripts] # cat t.txt abc |
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[root@Gin scripts] # cat file abc [root@Gin scripts] # cat file|tr [a-z] [A-Z] ABC |
大写转小写只需要把tr后面的参数换个位置即可!
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[root@Gin scripts] # cat file|tr [0-9] [a-j] abcdefghij |
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[root@Gin scripts] # cat file what is Snail [root@Gin scripts] # cat file|tr -d "Snail" wht s [root@Gin scripts] # cat file what is Snail |
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# cat file | tr -d "\n\t" |
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# cat file | tr -s "\n" > new_file |
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# cat file | tr -d "\r" 或者 # cat file | tr -s "\r" "\n" |
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# cat file | tr -s "\011" "\040" |
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# echo $PATH | tr -s ":" "\n" |
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[root@Gin scripts] # echo 12345|tr ‘0-9‘ ‘987654321‘ ## 加密 87654 [root@Gin scripts] # echo 87654|tr ‘987654321‘ ‘0-9‘ ## 解密 12345 |
上面是一个非常有趣的小例子,通过映射来实现简单的加密解密,看懂这个例子,可以接着往下看古罗马时期发明的凯撒加密的一种变体ROT13
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[root@Gin scripts] # echo "hi,this is amosli" | tr ‘ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz‘ ‘NOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm‘ uv,guvf vf nzbfyv [root@Gin scripts] # echo "uv,guvf vf nzbfyv" | tr ‘ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz‘ ‘NOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm‘ hi,this is amosli |
ROT13是它自己本身的逆反;也就是说,要还原ROT13,套用加密同样的算法即可得,故同样的操作可用再加密与解密。非常神奇!
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tr -c [set1] [set2] |
set1的补集意味着从这个集合中包含set1中没有的所有字符。最典型的用法就是从输入文本中将不在补集中的所有字符全部删除。例如:
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[root@Gin scripts] # echo "hello 123 world " | tr -d -c ‘0-9 \n‘ 123 |
在这里,补集中包含了除数字、空格字符和换行符之外的所有字符,因为指定了-d,所以这些字符全部都会被删除。
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[root@Gin scripts] # echo "GNU is not UNIX . Recursicve right?" | tr -s ‘ ‘ GNU is not UNIX . Recursicve right? |
使用-s参数可以压缩字符串中重复的字符。看另一个例子:
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[root@Gin scripts] # cat sum.txt 5 4 3 5 4 3 [root@Gin scripts] # cat sum.txt|echo $[ $(tr ‘\n‘ ‘+‘) 0 ] 24 [root@Gin scripts] # cat sum.txt|echo $[ $(tr ‘\n‘ ‘+‘) ] - bash : 5+4+3+5+4+3+ : syntax error: operand expected (error token is "+ " ) |
这里,运用tr实现了加法运算, tr ‘\n‘ ‘+‘使用换行符来替换为‘+‘然后连接起来,最后多出来一个‘+‘再接上数字0即实现了加法。
标签:delete 字符串替换 eating stand list bash trunc opera pts
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/machangwei-8/p/9572100.html