django model：auto_now_add 和 auto_now

auto_now = True   # 这个参数的默认值为false，设置为true时，能够在保存该字段时，将其值设置为当前时间，并且每次修改model，都会自动更新。因此这个参数在需要存储“最后修改时间”的场景下，十分方便。需要注意的是，设置该参数为true时，并不简单地意味着字段的默认值为当前时间，而是指字段会被“强制”更新到当前时间，你无法程序中手动为字段赋值；如果使用django再带的admin管理器，那么该字段在admin中是只读的

auto_now_add = True  # 这个参数的默认值也为False，设置为True时，会在model对象第一次被创建时，将字段的值设置为创建时的时间，以后修改对象时，字段的值不会再更新。该属性通常被用在存储“创建时间”的场景下。与auto_now类似，auto_now_add也具有强制性，一旦被设置为True，就无法在程序中手动为字段赋值，在admin中字段也会成为只读的。

class YourAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    readonly_fields = (‘save_date‘, ‘mod_date‘,)
admin.site.register(Tag, YourAdmin)

from django.db import models
import django.utils.timezone as timezone
class Doc(models.Model):
    add_date = models.DateTimeField(‘保存日期‘,default = timezone.now)
    mod_date = models.DateTimeField(‘最后修改日期‘, auto_now = True)

DateField
class DateField(auto_now=False, auto_now_add=False, **options)
A date, represented in Python by a datetime.date instance. Has a few extra, optional arguments:

DateField.auto_now
Automatically set the field to now every time the object is saved. Useful for “last-modified” timestamps. Note that the current date is always used; it’s not just a default value that you can override.

The field is only automatically updated when calling Model.save(). The field isn’t updated when making updates to other fields in other ways such as QuerySet.update(), though you can specify a custom value for the field in an update like that.

DateField.auto_now_add
Automatically set the field to now when the object is first created. Useful for creation of timestamps. Note that the current date is always used; it’s not just a default value that you can override. So even if you set a value for this field when creating the object, it will be ignored. If you want to be able to modify this field, set the following instead of auto_now_add=True:

    1. For DateField: default=date.today - from datetime.date.today()
            # For DateTimeField: default = datetime.now  # 不要加 ()  # - from datetime.datetime.now()
    2. For DateTimeField: default=timezone.now - from django.utils.timezone.now()
The default form widget for this field is a TextInput. The admin adds a JavaScript calendar, and a shortcut for “Today”. Includes an additional invalid_date error message key.

The options auto_now_add, auto_now, and default are mutually exclusive. Any combination of these options will result in an error.

"""
Note

As currently implemented, setting auto_now or auto_now_add to True will cause the field to have editable=False and blank=True set
"""

"""
Note

The auto_now and auto_now_add options will always use the date in the default timezone at the moment of creation or update. If you need something different, you may want to consider simply using your own callable default or overriding save() instead of using auto_now or auto_now_add; or using a DateTimeField instead of a DateField and deciding how to handle the conversion from datetime to date at display time.
"""