标签:art 编译器 length can cat buffer 设计 like pop
Improve protection against stack buffer overflows
Much like its predecessor, stack-protector, stack-protector-strong protects against stack buffer overflows, but additionally provides coverage for more array types, as the original only protected character arrays. Stack-protector-strong was implemented by Han Shen and added to the gcc 4.9 compiler.
Android 7.0 的内核安全更新中,引入了 stack-protector-strong
。
更早的是 -fstack-protector
与 -fstack-protector-all
选项,但它们各自都有缺点,Chrome OS 的编译器团队目测有强迫症,设计了 stack-protector-strong
。
仅对使用>=8字节(–param=ssp-buffer-size=N, 默认N=8)的char数组的函数提供保护,因此其保护能力有限。
所有函数都会加入检测,1)会增加程序体积,2)占用栈空间,尤其内核栈空间固定的情况;可以认为这都不是好的设计。
再来看一下 stack-protector-strong
选项,它对是否在函数中加入canary有其筛选原则,总结起来有几条:
第3点未能验证,可能理解有误?
通过汇编代码,对比一下:
zzhiyuan@ubuntu:~/exploits/test$ cat register.c
#include <stdio.h>
void c (long a)
{
printf ("%ld\n", a);
}
/* local variable’s address used as part of function argument */
int a ()
{
int a = 10;
c((long)&a);
}
int b ()
{
register int *foo asm ("r12");
}
/* regardless of array length */
void d ()
{
char str[2] = {‘A‘};
}
/* regardless of array type */
void e ()
{
int a[10];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
a[i] = ‘A‘;
}
/* local variable’s address used as part of the right hand side of an assignment */
void f (int *b)
{
int a = 10;
b = &a;
}
int main ()
{
}
stack-protector-strong
选项编译结果如下:
00000000004005ca <a>: #本地变量地址作为函数参数
4005ca: 55 push %rbp
4005cb: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
4005ce: 48 83 ec 10 sub $0x10,%rsp
4005d2: 64 48 8b 04 25 28 00 mov %fs:0x28,%rax
4005d9: 00 00
4005db: 48 89 45 f8 mov %rax,-0x8(%rbp)
4005df: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax
4005e1: c7 45 f4 0a 00 00 00 movl $0xa,-0xc(%rbp)
4005e8: 48 8d 45 f4 lea -0xc(%rbp),%rax
4005ec: 48 89 c7 mov %rax,%rdi
4005ef: e8 b2 ff ff ff callq 4005a6 <c>
4005f4: 48 8b 55 f8 mov -0x8(%rbp),%rdx
4005f8: 64 48 33 14 25 28 00 xor %fs:0x28,%rdx
4005ff: 00 00
400601: 74 05 je 400608 <a+0x3e>
400603: e8 68 fe ff ff callq 400470 <__stack_chk_fail@plt>
400608: c9 leaveq
400609: c3 retq
000000000040060a <b>: #使用register类型变量,Why未印证?
40060a: 55 push %rbp
40060b: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
40060e: 5d pop %rbp
40060f: c3 retq
0000000000400610 <d>: #数组长度为2
400610: 55 push %rbp
400611: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
400614: 48 83 ec 10 sub $0x10,%rsp
400618: 64 48 8b 04 25 28 00 mov %fs:0x28,%rax
40061f: 00 00
400621: 48 89 45 f8 mov %rax,-0x8(%rbp)
400625: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax
400627: 66 c7 45 f0 00 00 movw $0x0,-0x10(%rbp)
40062d: c6 45 f0 41 movb $0x41,-0x10(%rbp)
400631: 48 8b 45 f8 mov -0x8(%rbp),%rax
400635: 64 48 33 04 25 28 00 xor %fs:0x28,%rax
40063c: 00 00
40063e: 74 05 je 400645 <d+0x35>
400640: e8 2b fe ff ff callq 400470 <__stack_chk_fail@plt>
400645: c9 leaveq
400646: c3 retq
0000000000400647 <e>: #数组类型为int
400647: 55 push %rbp
400648: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
40064b: 48 83 ec 40 sub $0x40,%rsp
40064f: 64 48 8b 04 25 28 00 mov %fs:0x28,%rax
400656: 00 00
400658: 48 89 45 f8 mov %rax,-0x8(%rbp)
40065c: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax
40065e: c7 45 cc 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,-0x34(%rbp)
400665: eb 11 jmp 400678 <e+0x31>
400667: 8b 45 cc mov -0x34(%rbp),%eax
40066a: 48 98 cltq
40066c: c7 44 85 d0 41 00 00 movl $0x41,-0x30(%rbp,%rax,4)
400673: 00
400674: 83 45 cc 01 addl $0x1,-0x34(%rbp)
400678: 83 7d cc 09 cmpl $0x9,-0x34(%rbp)
40067c: 7e e9 jle 400667 <e+0x20>
40067e: 48 8b 45 f8 mov -0x8(%rbp),%rax
400682: 64 48 33 04 25 28 00 xor %fs:0x28,%rax
400689: 00 00
40068b: 74 05 je 400692 <e+0x4b>
40068d: e8 de fd ff ff callq 400470 <__stack_chk_fail@plt>
400692: c9 leaveq
400693: c3 retq
0000000000400694 <f>: #本地变量作为赋值表达式左值的一部分
400694: 55 push %rbp
400695: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
400698: 48 83 ec 20 sub $0x20,%rsp
40069c: 48 89 7d e8 mov %rdi,-0x18(%rbp)
4006a0: 64 48 8b 04 25 28 00 mov %fs:0x28,%rax
4006a7: 00 00
4006a9: 48 89 45 f8 mov %rax,-0x8(%rbp)
4006ad: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax
4006af: c7 45 f4 0a 00 00 00 movl $0xa,-0xc(%rbp)
4006b6: 48 8d 45 f4 lea -0xc(%rbp),%rax
4006ba: 48 89 45 e8 mov %rax,-0x18(%rbp)
4006be: 48 8b 45 f8 mov -0x8(%rbp),%rax
4006c2: 64 48 33 04 25 28 00 xor %fs:0x28,%rax
4006c9: 00 00
4006cb: 74 05 je 4006d2 <f+0x3e>
4006cd: e8 9e fd ff ff callq 400470 <__stack_chk_fail@plt>
4006d2: c9 leaveq
4006d3: c3 retq
默认编译时,使用的是-fstack-protector选项,其结果如下:
000000000040055a <a>:
40055a: 55 push %rbp
40055b: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
40055e: 48 83 ec 10 sub $0x10,%rsp
400562: c7 45 fc 0a 00 00 00 movl $0xa,-0x4(%rbp)
400569: 48 8d 45 fc lea -0x4(%rbp),%rax
40056d: 48 89 c7 mov %rax,%rdi
400570: e8 c1 ff ff ff callq 400536 <c>
400575: c9 leaveq
400576: c3 retq
0000000000400577 <b>:
400577: 55 push %rbp
400578: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
40057b: 5d pop %rbp
40057c: c3 retq
000000000040057d <d>:
40057d: 55 push %rbp
40057e: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
400581: 66 c7 45 f0 00 00 movw $0x0,-0x10(%rbp)
400587: c6 45 f0 41 movb $0x41,-0x10(%rbp)
40058b: 5d pop %rbp
40058c: c3 retq
000000000040058d <e>:
40058d: 55 push %rbp
40058e: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
400591: c7 45 cc 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,-0x34(%rbp)
400598: eb 11 jmp 4005ab <e+0x1e>
40059a: 8b 45 cc mov -0x34(%rbp),%eax
40059d: 48 98 cltq
40059f: c7 44 85 d0 41 00 00 movl $0x41,-0x30(%rbp,%rax,4)
4005a6: 00
4005a7: 83 45 cc 01 addl $0x1,-0x34(%rbp)
4005ab: 83 7d cc 09 cmpl $0x9,-0x34(%rbp)
4005af: 7e e9 jle 40059a <e+0xd>
4005b1: 5d pop %rbp
4005b2: c3 retq
00000000004005b3 <f>:
4005b3: 55 push %rbp
4005b4: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
4005b7: 48 89 7d e8 mov %rdi,-0x18(%rbp)
4005bb: c7 45 fc 0a 00 00 00 movl $0xa,-0x4(%rbp)
4005c2: 48 8d 45 fc lea -0x4(%rbp),%rax
4005c6: 48 89 45 e8 mov %rax,-0x18(%rbp)
4005ca: 5d pop %rbp
4005cb: c3 retq
以上几种情况,函数内均未插入canary。仔细观察 -fstack-protector-stong
保护的对象,其实都是有可能被利用来执行任意代码的,比如若被赋值对象,或函数参数是一个函数指针,则修改其值会执行任意代码。
Linux 从3.14内核开始,为-fstack-protector-strong增加了一个新的编译选项CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG,并且原有选项CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR(对应-fstack-protector)修改为CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_REGULAR。
以下是x86_64平台默认选项编译的内核对比数据。
编译选项 | 代码段大小(字节) | 被保护函数个数 / 函数总数 |
---|---|---|
no stack protector | 11430641 | 0 / 36110 |
CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_REGULAR | 11468490 (+0.33%) | 1015 / 36110 (2.81%) |
CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG | 11692790 (+2.24%) | 7401 / 36110 (20.5%) |
可以看出比起-fstack-protector-all,20.5%已经不错,在性能与安全之间找到了很好的折衷。
参考 :https://outflux.net/blog/archives/2014/01/27/fstack-protector-strong/
标签:art 编译器 length can cat buffer 设计 like pop
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gm-201705/p/9863958.html