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sklearn 中的交叉验证

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sklearn中的交叉验证(Cross-Validation)

sklearn是利用python进行机器学习中一个非常全面和好用的第三方库,用过的都说好。今天主要记录一下sklearn中关于交叉验证的各种用法,主要是对sklearn官方文档 Cross-validation: evaluating estimator performance进行讲解,英文水平好的建议读官方文档,里面的知识点很详细。

 

1. cross_val_score
对数据集进行指定次数的交叉验证并为每次验证效果评测
其中,score 默认是以 scoring=’f1_macro’进行评测的,余外针对分类或回归还有:

这需要from sklearn import metrics ,通过在cross_val_score 指定参数来设定评测标准;
当cv 指定为int 类型时,默认使用KFold 或StratifiedKFold 进行数据集打乱,下面会对KFold 和StratifiedKFold 进行介绍。

 

In [15]: from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score

In [16]: clf = svm.SVC(kernel=‘linear‘, C=1)

In [17]: scores = cross_val_score(clf, iris.data, iris.target, cv=5)

In [18]: scores
Out[18]: array([ 0.96666667,  1.        ,  0.96666667,  0.96666667,  1.        ])

In [19]: scores.mean()
Out[19]: 0.98000000000000009

  

除使用默认交叉验证方式外,可以对交叉验证方式进行指定,如验证次数,训练集测试集划分比例等

 

In [20]: from sklearn.model_selection import ShuffleSplit

In [21]: n_samples = iris.data.shape[0]

In [22]: cv = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=3, test_size=.3, random_state=0)

In [23]: cross_val_score(clf, iris.data, iris.target, cv=cv)
Out[23]: array([ 0.97777778,  0.97777778,  1.        ])

  

2. cross_val_predict
cross_val_predict 与cross_val_score 很相像,不过不同于返回的是评测效果,cross_val_predict 返回的是estimator 的分类结果(或回归值),这个对于后期模型的改善很重要,可以通过该预测输出对比实际目标值,准确定位到预测出错的地方,为我们参数优化及问题排查十分的重要。

 

In [28]: from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_predict

In [29]: from sklearn import metrics

In [30]: predicted = cross_val_predict(clf, iris.data, iris.target, cv=10)

In [31]: predicted
Out[31]: 
array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
       0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
       0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
       2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2,
       2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2])

In [32]: metrics.accuracy_score(iris.target, predicted)
Out[32]: 0.96666666666666667

  

3. KFold

K折交叉验证,这是将数据集分成K份的官方给定方案,所谓K折就是将数据集通过K次分割,使得所有数据既在训练集出现过,又在测试集出现过,当然,每次分割中不会有重叠。相当于无放回抽样。

In [33]: from sklearn.model_selection import KFold

In [34]: X = [‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘,‘d‘]

In [35]: kf = KFold(n_splits=2)

In [36]: for train, test in kf.split(X):
    ...:     print train, test
    ...:     print np.array(X)[train], np.array(X)[test]
    ...:     print ‘\n‘
    ...:     
[2 3] [0 1]
[‘c‘ ‘d‘] [‘a‘ ‘b‘]


[0 1] [2 3]
[‘a‘ ‘b‘] [‘c‘ ‘d‘]

  

4. LeaveOneOut
LeaveOneOut 其实就是KFold 的一个特例,因为使用次数比较多,因此独立的定义出来,完全可以通过KFold 实现。

In [37]: from sklearn.model_selection import LeaveOneOut

In [38]: X = [1,2,3,4]

In [39]: loo = LeaveOneOut()

In [41]: for train, test in loo.split(X):
    ...:     print train, test
    ...:     
[1 2 3] [0]
[0 2 3] [1]
[0 1 3] [2]
[0 1 2] [3]


#使用KFold实现LeaveOneOtut
In [42]: kf = KFold(n_splits=len(X))

In [43]: for train, test in kf.split(X):
    ...:     print train, test
    ...:     
[1 2 3] [0]
[0 2 3] [1]
[0 1 3] [2]
[0 1 2] [3]

  

5. LeavePOut
这个也是KFold 的一个特例,用KFold 实现起来稍麻烦些,跟LeaveOneOut 也很像。

In [44]: from sklearn.model_selection import LeavePOut

In [45]: X = np.ones(4)

In [46]: lpo = LeavePOut(p=2)

In [47]: for train, test in lpo.split(X):
    ...:     print train, test
    ...:     
[2 3] [0 1]
[1 3] [0 2]
[1 2] [0 3]
[0 3] [1 2]
[0 2] [1 3]
[0 1] [2 3]

  

6. ShuffleSplit
ShuffleSplit 咋一看用法跟LeavePOut 很像,其实两者完全不一样,LeavePOut 是使得数据集经过数次分割后,所有的测试集出现的元素的集合即是完整的数据集,即无放回的抽样,而ShuffleSplit 则是有放回的抽样,只能说经过一个足够大的抽样次数后,保证测试集出现了完成的数据集的倍数。

In [48]: from sklearn.model_selection import ShuffleSplit

In [49]: X = np.arange(5)

In [50]: ss = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=3, test_size=.25, random_state=0)

In [51]: for train_index, test_index in ss.split(X):
    ...:     print train_index, test_index
    ...:     
[1 3 4] [2 0]
[1 4 3] [0 2]
[4 0 2] [1 3]

  

7. StratifiedKFold

对测试集合进行无放回抽样

In [52]: from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold

In [53]: X = np.ones(10)

In [54]: y = [0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1]

In [55]: skf = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=3)

In [56]: for train, test in skf.split(X,y):
    ...:     print train, test
    ...:     
[2 3 6 7 8 9] [0 1 4 5]
[0 1 3 4 5 8 9] [2 6 7]
[0 1 2 4 5 6 7] [3 8 9]

  

 


原文:https://blog.csdn.net/xiaodongxiexie/article/details/71915259

sklearn 中的交叉验证

标签:tle   form   模型   port   blog   官方文档   kernel   全面   state   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Allen-rg/p/9901530.html

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