Git是一个分布式的版本控制系统，用于Linux内核的管理。在推出后，Git也逐渐被用于其他项目，同样也取得了很大的成功。GitHub则是基于Git版本控制系统的，它提供基于互联网的项目托管服务，但GitHub并不开源，所以我在网上找到了替代GitHub的开源项目托管系统：Gitorious。
安装Gitorious并不是一件轻松的事，所以就写了这篇文章，一则可以帮助那些准备安装Gitorious的兄弟，二则也给自己做个备忘。
一、安装第三方的相关依赖包：
Apache
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential apache2 apache2-threaded-dev libapache2-mod-xsendfile
MySQL
sudo apt-get install -y mysql-server mysql-client
注意：在安装MySQL时，您将会被提示创建MySQL的root用户密码
PHPMyAdmin（可选）
sudo apt-get install -y phpmyadmin
设置时选择apache2、并使用dbconfig-common来配置数据库，并会被提示创建PHPMyAdmin管理员用户密码。
Git
sudo apt-get install -y git-core git-doc
其它依赖包
sudo apt-get install -y libexpat1-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev sendmail apg geoip-bin libgeoip1 libgeoip-dev imagemagick libmagick++-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev zip unzip libyaml-dev libonig-dev memcached aspell libaspell-dev aspell-en
Ruby 和 RubyGems
sudo apt-get install -y ruby ruby-dev rubygems libruby libdbd-mysql-ruby libmysql-ruby
sudo REALLY_GEM_UPDATE_SYSTEM=1 gem update –system
sudo gem install –no-ri –no-rdoc rake
sudo gem install –no-ri –no-rdoc daemons
sudo gem install -b –no-ri –no-rdoc rmagick
sudo gem install -b –no-ri –no-rdoc stompserver
sudo gem install -b –no-ri –no-rdoc passenger
sudo gem install -b –no-ri –no-rdoc bundler
Sphinx（俄国人贡献的开源搜索包）
sudo apt-get install -y sphinxsearch
二、下载Gitorious源代码，在这里将Gitorious放置在/var/www/gitoriou：
cd /var/www
sudo chown firehare:firehare /var/www
git clone git://gitorious.org/gitorious/mainline.git gitorious
cd gitorious
git submodule init
git submodule update
sudo ln -s /var/www/gitorious/script/gitorious /usr/bin
第2条语句是为了方便处理，不用老是sudo，所以将/var/www目录的所有者从root改为你的用户名，在这里我使用的是我的用户名firehare。
三、配置初始化服务
在/var/www/gitorious/doc/templates/ubuntu目录中有相应的服务脚本模板。将这些脚本模板拷至/etc/init.d目录中：
cd /var/www/gitorious/doc/templates/ubuntu
sudo cp git-daemon git-ultrasphinx git-poller stomp /etc/init.d
sudo cp gitorious-logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/gitorious
sudo chmod 755 git-daemon git-ultrasphinx git-poller stomp
然后将服务配置成开机启动
sudo update-rc.d stomp defaults
sudo update-rc.d git-daemon defaults
sudo update-rc.d git-ultrasphinx defaults
sudo update-rc.d git-poller defaults
最后由于git-daemon git-ultrasphinx git-poller stomp脚本中的RUBY_HOME路径指向”/opt/ruby-enterprise”，为了方便起见，不一一修改启动脚本，将创建一个链接：
sudo ln -s /usr/ /opt/ruby-enterprise
四、配置Apache
安装Passenger
sudo /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module
配置Passenger
sudo vi /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.load
然后在新建的passenger.load文件中输入以下文字：
# Did you verify this matches the values from
# the ‘sudo /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module’ command ?
LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so
PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11
PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby1.8
启用Apache模块
sudo a2enmod passenger
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo a2enmod ssl
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
创建Gitorious站点文件
sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/gitorious
然后在新建的Gitorious站点文件中输入以下文字:

ServerName git.meranko.net
DocumentRoot /var/www/gitorious/public

# Enable X-SendFile for gitorious repo archiving to work
XSendFile on

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
LogLevel warn
#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive (see below).
#
LogFormat “%h %l %u %t \”%r\” %>s %b \”%{Referer}i\” \”%{User-Agent}i\”" combined
LogFormat “%h %l %u %t \”%r\” %>s %b” common
LogFormat “%{Referer}i -> %U” referer
LogFormat “%{User-agent}i” agent

CustomLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_access.log combined
TransferLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_access.log
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_error.log

创建Gitorious SSL站点文件
sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/gitorious-ssl
然后在新建的Gitorious站点文件中输入以下文字:


SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
BrowserMatch “.*MSIE.*” nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
DocumentRoot /var/www/gitorious/public

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
LogLevel warn
#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive (see below).
#
LogFormat “%h %l %u %t \”%r\” %>s %b \”%{Referer}i\” \”%{User-Agent}i\”" combined
LogFormat “%h %l %u %t \”%r\” %>s %b” common
LogFormat “%{Referer}i -> %U” referer
LogFormat “%{User-agent}i” agent

CustomLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_ssl_access.log combined
TransferLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_ssl_access.log
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/gitorious_ssl_error.log

启用Gitorious和Gitorious SSL网站
sudo a2dissite default
sudo a2dissite default-ssl
sudo a2ensite gitorious
sudo a2ensite gitorious-ssl
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
五、设置MySQL用户
mysql -u root -p
Enter password: （输入你在安装包时确定的Mysql根用户密码）
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘gitorious’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘<输入密码>‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
六、配置Gitorious
首先确保所有gems版本的正确（安装时会询问你的sudo密码）
cd /var/www/gitorious/
bundle install
bundle pack
再创建git系统用户
sudo adduser –system –home /var/www/gitorious/ –no-create-home –group –shell /bin/bash git
sudo chown -R git:git /var/www/gitorious
然后创建一些Gitorious运行所需的东西
sudo su – git
mkdir .ssh
touch .ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 700 .ssh
chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
mkdir tmp/pids
mkdir repositories
mkdir tarballs
mkdir tmp/tarballs-work
chmod ug+rwx repositories
生成Gitorious的配置文件（注意：当前用户为git）
cp config/database.sample.yml config/database.yml
cp config/gitorious.sample.yml config/gitorious.yml
cp config/broker.yml.example config/broker.yml
在Gitorious的database.yml配置文件中的production段中确保正确的数据库用户名和名字（注意：当前用户为git）
在Gitorious的gitorious.yml配置文件中，要注意以下内容：
确保在production而非test中修改
repository_base_path应该是/var/www/gitorious/repositories
cookie_secret应该设为多于30个字符的字符串，为了方便起见，你可以使用下列命令，然后将其输出复制到这里。
apg -m 64
gitorious_client_port应该设为80
gitorious_host应该设置成客户可以使用的主机名（否则Cookie会出错
archive_cache_dir应该设为/var/www/gitorious/tarballs
archive_work_dir应该设为/var/www/gitorious/tmp/tarballs-work
exception_notification_emails:你的邮箱
hide_http_clone_urls应该设为true（它们需要额外的安装工作）
is_gitorious_dot_org应该设false
public_mode应该设为false
七、创建Gitorious数据库
因为在RubyGems 1.6.0+ 并且 Rails < 2.3.11时存在BUG，本来可以在config/boot.rb文件的顶部添加下列语句来解决，但由于该文件注释要求不要改变，所以就只好麻烦点，添加到Rakefile文件和config/environment.rb文件的require(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ‘config’, ‘boot’))语句上方即可：
require ‘thread’
接下来的工作，我们让rake来做：
export RAILS_ENV=production
bundle exec rake db:create RAILS_ENV=production
bundle exec rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=production
配置Sphinx搜索守护程序，将address设为localhost
vi /var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/default.base
# Daemon options
searchd
{
# What interface the search daemon should listen on and where to store its logs
address = localhost
port = 3312
…….
然后继续用rake来为我们配置：
bundle exec rake ultrasphinx:bootstrap RAILS_ENV=production
注意：本人在安装在这一步时出现一个错误，提示如下，详见第12行，于是本人查了一下数据库，打开文件/var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf，找到base_tags.name语句，将其改成tags，即可通过：
(in /var/www/gitorious)
Rebuilding configurations for production environment
Available models are Comment, Repository, MergeRequest, and Project
Generating SQL
$ indexer –config ‘/var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf’ –all
Sphinx 0.9.9-release (r2117)
Copyright (c) 2001-2009, Andrew Aksyonoff

using config file ‘/var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf’…
WARNING: key ‘address’ is deprecated in /var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf line 10; use ‘listen’ instead.
indexing index ‘main’…
ERROR: index ‘main’: sql_range_query: Unknown column ‘base_tags.name’ in ‘field list’ (DSN=mysql://gitorious:***@localhost:3306/gitorious_production).
total 0 docs, 0 bytes
total 0.005 sec, 0 bytes/sec, 0.00 docs/sec
total 0 reads, 0.000 sec, 0.0 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg
total 0 writes, 0.000 sec, 0.0 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg
Sphinx 0.9.9-release (r2117)
Copyright (c) 2001-2009, Andrew Aksyonoff

using config file ‘/var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf’…
WARNING: key ‘address’ is deprecated in /var/www/gitorious/config/ultrasphinx/production.conf line 10; use ‘listen’ instead.
listening on 127.0.0.1:3312
WARNING: index ‘main’: preload: failed to open /var/www/gitorious/db/sphinx//sphinx_index_main.sph: No such file or directory; NOT SERVING
FATAL: no valid indexes to serve
Failed to start
Done
Please restart your application containers
创建Sphinx Cronjob
crontab -e * * * * * cd /var/www/gitorious && /usr/bin/bundle exec
创建管理员用户
env RAILS_ENV=production ruby1.8 script/create_admin
八、重启机器后你就可以在Ubuntu 11.10上完成Gitorious的安装了！OK！打完收功！！