并发编程之协程

‘‘‘
1、协程：
    单线程实现并发
    在应用程序里控制多个任务的切换+保存状态
    优点：
        应用程序级别速度要远远高于操作系统的切换
    缺点：
        多个任务一旦有一个阻塞没有切，整个线程都阻塞在原地
        该线程内的其他的任务都不能执行了

        一旦引入协程，就需要检测单线程下所有的IO行为,
        实现遇到IO就切换,少一个都不行，以为一旦一个任务阻塞了，整个线程就阻塞了，
        其他的任务即便是可以计算，但是也无法运行了

2、协程序的目的：
    想要在单线程下实现并发
    并发指的是多个任务看起来是同时运行的
    并发=切换+保存状态
‘‘‘

#串行执行
import time

def func1():
    for i in range(10000000):
        i+1

def func2():
    for i in range(10000000):
        i+1

start = time.time()
func1()
func2()
stop = time.time()
print(stop - start)


#基于yield并发执行
import time
def func1():
    while True:
        yield

def func2():
    g=func1()
    for i in range(10000000):
        i+1
        next(g)

start=time.time()
func2()
stop=time.time()
print(stop-start)

import time
def func1():
    while True:
        print(‘func1‘)
        yield

def func2():
    g=func1()
    for i in range(10000000):
        i+1
        next(g)
        time.sleep(3)
        print(‘func2‘)
start=time.time()
func2()
stop=time.time()
print(stop-start)

from greenlet import greenlet

def eat(name):
    print(‘%s eat 1‘ %name)
    g2.switch(‘egon‘)
    print(‘%s eat 2‘ %name)
    g2.switch()
def play(name):
    print(‘%s play 1‘ %name)
    g1.switch()
    print(‘%s play 2‘ %name)

g1=greenlet(eat)
g2=greenlet(play)

g1.switch(‘egon‘)#可以在第一次switch时传入参数，以后都不需要

#顺序执行
import time
def f1():
    res=1
    for i in range(100000000):
        res+=i

def f2():
    res=1
    for i in range(100000000):
        res*=i

start=time.time()
f1()
f2()
stop=time.time()
print(‘run time is %s‘ %(stop-start)) #10.985628366470337

#切换
from greenlet import greenlet
import time
def f1():
    res=1
    for i in range(100000000):
        res+=i
        g2.switch()

def f2():
    res=1
    for i in range(100000000):
        res*=i
        g1.switch()

start=time.time()
g1=greenlet(f1)
g2=greenlet(f2)
g1.switch()
stop=time.time()
print(‘run time is %s‘ %(stop-start)) # 52.763017892837524

#用法
g1=gevent.spawn(func,1,,2,3,x=4,y=5)创建一个协程对象g1，spawn括号内第一个参数是函数名，如eat，后面可以有多个参数，可以是位置实参或关键字实参，都是传给函数eat的

g2=gevent.spawn(func2)

g1.join() #等待g1结束

g2.join() #等待g2结束

#或者上述两步合作一步：gevent.joinall([g1,g2])

g1.value#拿到func1的返回值

import gevent
def eat(name):
    print(‘%s eat 1‘ %name)
    gevent.sleep(2)
    print(‘%s eat 2‘ %name)

def play(name):
    print(‘%s play 1‘ %name)
    gevent.sleep(1)
    print(‘%s play 2‘ %name)


g1=gevent.spawn(eat,‘egon‘)
g2=gevent.spawn(play,name=‘egon‘)
g1.join()
g2.join()
#或者gevent.joinall([g1,g2])
print(‘主‘)

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()

import gevent
import time
def eat():
    print(‘eat food 1‘)
    time.sleep(2)
    print(‘eat food 2‘)

def play():
    print(‘play 1‘)
    time.sleep(1)
    print(‘play 2‘)

g1=gevent.spawn(eat)
g2=gevent.spawn(play_phone)
gevent.joinall([g1,g2])
print(‘主‘)

from gevent import spawn,joinall,monkey;monkey.patch_all()

import time
def task(pid):
    """
    Some non-deterministic task
    """
    time.sleep(0.5)
    print(‘Task %s done‘ % pid)


def synchronous():
    for i in range(10):
        task(i)

def asynchronous():
    g_l=[spawn(task,i) for i in range(10)]
    joinall(g_l)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    print(‘Synchronous:‘)
    synchronous()

    print(‘Asynchronous:‘)
    asynchronous()
#上面程序的重要部分是将task函数封装到Greenlet内部线程的gevent.spawn。 初始化的greenlet列表存放在数组threads中，此数组被传给gevent.joinall 函数，后者阻塞当前流程，并执行所有给定的greenlet。执行流程只会在 所有greenlet执行完后才会继续向下走。

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
import requests
import time

def get_page(url):
    print(‘GET: %s‘ %url)
    response=requests.get(url)
    if response.status_code == 200:
        print(‘%d bytes received from %s‘ %(len(response.text),url))


start_time=time.time()
gevent.joinall([
    gevent.spawn(get_page,‘https://www.python.org/‘),
    gevent.spawn(get_page,‘https://www.yahoo.com/‘),
    gevent.spawn(get_page,‘https://github.com/‘),
])
stop_time=time.time()
print(‘run time is %s‘ %(stop_time-start_time))

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
from socket import *
import gevent

#如果不想用money.patch_all()打补丁,可以用gevent自带的socket
# from gevent import socket
# s=socket.socket()

def server(server_ip,port):
    s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
    s.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
    s.bind((server_ip,port))
    s.listen(5)
    while True:
        conn,addr=s.accept()
        gevent.spawn(talk,conn,addr)

def talk(conn,addr):
    try:
        while True:
            res=conn.recv(1024)
            print(‘client %s:%s msg: %s‘ %(addr[0],addr[1],res))
            conn.send(res.upper())
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    finally:
        conn.close()

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    server(‘127.0.0.1‘,8080)

服务端

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
__author__ = ‘Linhaifeng‘

from socket import *

client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect((‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))


while True:
    msg=input(‘>>: ‘).strip()
    if not msg:continue

    client.send(msg.encode(‘utf-8‘))
    msg=client.recv(1024)
    print(msg.decode(‘utf-8‘))
复制代码

from threading import Thread
from socket import *
import threading

def client(server_ip,port):
    c=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) #套接字对象一定要加到函数内，即局部名称空间内，放在函数外则被所有线程共享，则大家公用一个套接字对象，那么客户端端口永远一样了
    c.connect((server_ip,port))

    count=0
    while True:
        c.send((‘%s say hello %s‘ %(threading.current_thread().getName(),count)).encode(‘utf-8‘))
        msg=c.recv(1024)
        print(msg.decode(‘utf-8‘))
        count+=1
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    for i in range(500):
        t=Thread(target=client,args=(‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))
        t.start()