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第17课 调试程序

时间:2019-01-02 01:26:54      阅读:180      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:附件   blog   子函数   http   debug   ict   返回   生产   ide   

一、调试程序

1、为什么要调试

1)程序往往不像我们设想的那样运行

2)调试可以定位问题的根源所在,从而解决问题。

2、调试方法

1)断点+跟踪,举例如下:

‘‘‘
现有一个数据库记录文件(见附件0005_1.txt),保存了学生课程签到的数据库记录。 内容格式如下 ,

(‘2017-03-13 11:50:09‘, 271, 131),
(‘2017-03-14 10:52:19‘, 273, 131),
(‘2017-03-13 11:50:19‘, 271, 126),
每一行记录保存了学生的一次签到信息。

每一次签到信息的记录,分为三个部分, 分别是签到时间、签到课程的id号、签到学生的id号

要求大家实现下面的函数。其中参数fileName 为 数据库记录文件路径, 输出结果是将数据库记录文件中的学生签到信息保存在一个字典对象中,并作为返回值返回。

def putInfoToDict(fileName):

要求返回的字典对象的格式是这样的:

key 是各个学生的id号, value是 该学生的签到信息

   其中value,里面保存着该学生所有签到的信息

       其中每个签到的信息是字典对象,有两个元素: key 是lessonid的 记录课程id,key是checkintime的 记录签到时间

比如,对于上面的示例中的3条记录,相应的返回结果如下:

{
    131: [
        {‘lessonid‘: 271,‘checkintime‘:‘2017-03-13 11:50:09‘},
        {‘lessonid‘: 273,‘checkintime‘:‘2017-03-14 10:52:19‘},
    ],


    126: [
        {‘lessonid‘: 271,‘checkintime‘:‘2017-03-13 11:50:19‘},
    ],

}

需求分解:

1、学生课程签到信息

1)时间、课程ID、学生ID

2)格式:有特定要求

2、要求:

1)定义一个函数:def putInfoToDict(fileName)

2)return ----dict

3)格式输出:

        {
            学生ID:
                    [
                        {课程ID:XXXXX, 签到时间:XXXX}
                        {课程ID:XXXX, 签到时间:XXXX}

                    ]
        }

思路分解

1、获取信息

1)1、userId       2、lessonId  3、checkTime:从数据库文件获取

  读取文件:‘/‘       ‘\\‘       r‘ ‘

  with open(‘fileDir‘) as rFile == open (‘fileDir‘)

2)lines = rFile.read().splitlines()---读取每行内容

3)组织dict,格式打印

a、from pprint import pprint----美化打印

      pprint(filedir)

2、debug知识点汇总

1)打完断点用debug模式运行

2)断点停留的行,并没有执行

3)如果需要直接从第一个断点跳转到第二个断点,方法如下:

a、当程序停在第一个断点的时候,点击debug按钮

b、然后点击菜单栏的Run—>Resume Programs,直接跳转到第二个断点

 技术分享图片

4)在调试的时候,经常遇到以下几个按钮,这里给出说明

a、Step Over:在单步执行时,在函数内遇到子函数时不会进入子函数内单步执行,而是将子函数整个执行完再停止,也就是把子函数整个作为一步。有一点,经过我们简单的调试,在不存在子函数的情况下是和Step Into效果一样的(简而言之,越过子函数,但子函数会执行)。

技术分享图片

b、Step Into:单步执行,遇到子函数就进入并且继续单步执行(简而言之,进入子函数)。

技术分享图片

c、Step Into My Code:进入自己编写的函数,不进入系统函数,很少用到。

技术分享图片

d、Force Step Into:强制进入,在调试的时候能进入任何方法

 技术分享图片

e、Step Out:当单步执行到子函数内时,用Step Out就可以执行完子函数余下部分,并返回到上一层函数。

技术分享图片

f、Run to Cursor:一直执行,到光标处停止,用在循环内部时,点击一次就执行一个循环。

技术分享图片

作者:polyhedronx 
来源:CSDN 
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/polyhedronx/article/details/81514437

g、 重新进行debug

技术分享图片

h、viewbreakpoints:显示所有断点

技术分享图片

并且可以选择或者取消

技术分享图片

 

参考代码如下:

import pprint
fileDir = 0005_1.txt
def putInfoToDict(fileName):
    outInfoDict = {}
    with open(fileDir) as rFile:
        lines = rFile.read().splitlines()
        for line in lines:
            line = line.replace((, ‘‘).replace(), ‘‘).replace("", ‘‘).replace(\t, ‘‘).replace(;, ‘‘)
            temp = line.split(,)
            userId = int(temp[2].strip())
            lessonId = int(temp[1].strip())
            checkTime = temp[0].strip()
            toDict = {lessonid: lessonId, checktime: checkTime}
            if userId not in outInfoDict:  # 如果userId(key)没在这个字典中
                outInfoDict[userId] = []  # 则先添加这个key的value为空列表
            outInfoDict[userId].append(toDict)  # 然后再添加key和value到outInfoDict
    return outInfoDict

pprint.pprint(putInfoToDict(fileDir))

执行结果如下:

{34: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:00:18, lessonid: 271}],
 35: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:07, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:53:26, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:50:59, lessonid: 273}],
 37: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:44, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:56:43, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:53:36, lessonid: 274}],
 38: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:48, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:50:07, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:54, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:06, lessonid: 274}],
 39: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 12:06:28, lessonid: 273}],
 40: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:01, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 12:06:04, lessonid: 273}],
 43: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:46, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:00, lessonid: 273}],
 45: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:02:27, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:55:49, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:58:01, lessonid: 273}],
 46: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:59:18, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:57:26, lessonid: 273}],
 51: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:41, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:51:12, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:55:04, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:54:52, lessonid: 274}],
 53: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:41, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:56:59, lessonid: 273}],
 54: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 00:56:23, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 12:03:42, lessonid: 273}],
 55: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:56:44, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:56, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:58:57, lessonid: 274}],
 56: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:53:39, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:52:16, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:52:24, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 01:07:59, lessonid: 274}],
 57: [{checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:40, lessonid: 274}],
 59: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:32, lessonid: 273}],
 60: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:05:52, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:57:14, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 01:03:04, lessonid: 274}],
 61: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:58:18, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 01:07:16, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:57:50, lessonid: 273}],
 62: [{checktime: 2017-03-16 00:58:14, lessonid: 274}],
 64: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:32, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:54:01, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:52:50, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:51:37, lessonid: 274}],
 66: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:59:01, lessonid: 271}],
 67: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:48, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:51:51, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:50:13, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:51:09, lessonid: 274}],
 68: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:21, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:59:06, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:13, lessonid: 274}],
 69: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:58:01, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:55:56, lessonid: 273}],
 70: [{checktime: 2017-03-16 00:56:55, lessonid: 274}],
 71: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:58:03, lessonid: 271}],
 74: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:58:29, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:57:44, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:24, lessonid: 273}],
 75: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:00:14, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:55:50, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:52:45, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:51:58, lessonid: 274}],
 76: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:58:30, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:57:51, lessonid: 273}],
 77: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:14, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:55:11, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:37, lessonid: 274}],
 78: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:54:17, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:58:36, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 12:01:29, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:52:33, lessonid: 274}],
 79: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:50:55, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:15, lessonid: 274}],
 81: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:30, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:18, lessonid: 273}],
 82: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:41, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:58:11, lessonid: 273}],
 83: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:59:14, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 01:04:52, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:56:55, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 01:03:06, lessonid: 274}],
 85: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:50:25, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:50:34, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:07, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:53:45, lessonid: 274}],
 87: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:05:23, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:51:25, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:44, lessonid: 273}],
 88: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:56:58, lessonid: 271}],
 90: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:54:27, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:56:13, lessonid: 272}],
 91: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:58:53, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:37, lessonid: 273}],
 92: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:52, lessonid: 273}],
 93: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:00:39, lessonid: 271}],
 94: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:03:30, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:52:08, lessonid: 273}],
 95: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:07:28, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 01:02:38, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:02, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 01:02:47, lessonid: 274}],
 96: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:56:04, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:56:02, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 12:02:44, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:59:30, lessonid: 274}],
 98: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:43, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:54:50, lessonid: 272},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:56:55, lessonid: 273},
      {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:25, lessonid: 274}],
 99: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:54:24, lessonid: 271},
      {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:58:07, lessonid: 273}],
 101: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:57:14, lessonid: 271}],
 102: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:05:30, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:56:35, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:24, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:54:26, lessonid: 274}],
 103: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:55:22, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:10, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:54:48, lessonid: 274}],
 104: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:55:49, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:54:22, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:54:40, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:51:11, lessonid: 274}],
 105: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:17, lessonid: 273}],
 106: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:55:28, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:11, lessonid: 273}],
 107: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:57:33, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 01:05:49, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 12:02:18, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:49, lessonid: 274}],
 108: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:13, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:51:34, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:50:46, lessonid: 273}],
 109: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:50:44, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:56:23, lessonid: 273}],
 110: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:58, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:53:51, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:52:20, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:53:03, lessonid: 274}],
 111: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:56:32, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:57:24, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:52:15, lessonid: 274}],
 113: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:00:08, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:59:01, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:40, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:59:30, lessonid: 274}],
 114: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:54:47, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:51:29, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:28, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:51:31, lessonid: 274}],
 115: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:18, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:50:13, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:51:19, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:17, lessonid: 274}],
 116: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:02, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:52:11, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:52:56, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:50:04, lessonid: 274}],
 118: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:50:31, lessonid: 271}],
 119: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:50:34, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:55:13, lessonid: 273}],
 120: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:50:31, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:58:28, lessonid: 274}],
 121: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:50:58, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:55:18, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:50:25, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:56:13, lessonid: 274}],
 122: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:39, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:57:06, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:33, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:53:23, lessonid: 274}],
 123: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:38, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:57:08, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:54:19, lessonid: 274}],
 124: [{checktime: 2017-03-16 00:56:58, lessonid: 274}],
 125: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:05, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:54:55, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:04, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 01:00:03, lessonid: 274}],
 126: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:50:19, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:50:53, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:50:49, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:57:22, lessonid: 274}],
 127: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:27, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:58:47, lessonid: 273}],
 128: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:51:44, lessonid: 271}],
 129: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:52:22, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:52:11, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:31, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:52:54, lessonid: 274}],
 130: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:54:19, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 01:04:26, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:39, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 01:02:29, lessonid: 274}],
 131: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:50:09, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:51:38, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:52:02, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:55:41, lessonid: 274}],
 132: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:06:41, lessonid: 271}],
 133: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:53:10, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:53:31, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 11:52:52, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:58:27, lessonid: 274}],
 134: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 12:06:31, lessonid: 271}],
 135: [{checktime: 2017-03-13 11:59:40, lessonid: 271},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 00:58:14, lessonid: 272},
       {checktime: 2017-03-14 12:00:07, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:51:30, lessonid: 274}],
 136: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:56:54, lessonid: 273}],
 138: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:53:33, lessonid: 273}],
 139: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:58:32, lessonid: 273}],
 141: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:50:15, lessonid: 273}],
 142: [{checktime: 2017-03-14 11:55:46, lessonid: 273},
       {checktime: 2017-03-16 00:51:19, lessonid: 274}]}

 

二、问题分析

1、方法

1)debug常见于开发环境

2)查看关键变量的值

3)print信息或者log,常见于生产环境

2、两种方式的比较

1)print方式

常见于没有IDE的时候:

a、临时任务

b、生产环境:bug不方便重现;用log方法,tail、tailf查看日志文件

2)IDE debug

a、常用于开发过程中

b、更加方便、快捷

c、可以查看变量、表达式的值

 

第17课 调试程序

标签:附件   blog   子函数   http   debug   ict   返回   生产   ide   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/nick1998/p/10128867.html

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