#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int N=1e3+10;
const ll P=1e11;
ll a[N],b[N];
int T,m,lena,lenb;
char s[N*10];

void Div(ll x) {
    ll fm=0;
    for (int i=lena;i;i--)
        a[i]=fm*P+a[i],fm=a[i]%x,a[i]/=x;
    while (!a[lena]&&lena) lena--;
}

void Plus() {
    ll fm=0;
    for (int i=lena;i;i--)
        b[i]+=(fm*P+a[i])/2ll,fm=a[i]%2ll;
    lenb=max(lena-1,lenb);
    if (b[lenb+1]) lenb++;
    for (int i=1;i<=lenb;i++)
        b[i+1]+=b[i]/P,b[i]%=P;
    if (b[lenb+1]) lenb++;
}

int main() {
    for (scanf("%d",&T);T;T--) {
        memset(a,0,sizeof a);memset(b,0,sizeof b);
        scanf("%s%d",s+1,&m);int len=strlen(s+1);
        ll j=1;lena=1;lenb=0;
        for (int i=len;i;i--) {
            a[lena]+=(s[i]-‘0‘)*j;j*=10ll;
            if (j==P) j=1,lena++;
        }
        Div(1ll<<m-1);
        do {
            j=a[1]%2;
            Plus();
            b[1]+=j;
            Div(1ll<<m);
        }
        while (lena);
        if (!lenb) lenb++;
        printf("%lld",b[lenb]);
        for (int i=lenb-1;i>0;i--) {
            j=P/10ll;
            while (b[i]<j&&j)
                printf("0"),j/=10ll;
            printf("%lld",b[i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}