Oracle数据块的损坏可以分为物理损坏和逻辑损坏,参照
http://blog.csdn.net/yidian815/article/details/39990803
物理损坏和逻辑损坏发生的场景不同，因此处理的方式方法也就不同。在很多情况下,相同的损坏块处理方法对于物理损坏和逻辑损坏会产生不同的结果。对于物理损坏的模拟是比较容易的，而对逻辑损坏的模拟却不常见。
物理损坏：
要模拟物理损坏，我们只需直接手工编辑物理块既可（通过UTRAEDIT\BBED等），如
SQL> select object_name,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from t1 where rownum < 9;
OBJECT_NAME DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID)
------------------------------ ------------------------------------
ICOL$ 20
I_USER1 20
CON$ 20
UNDO$ 20
C_COBJ# 20
I_OBJ# 20
PROXY_ROLE_DATA$ 20
I_IND1 20
8 rows selected.
BBED> set file 5
FILE# 5
BBED> set block 20
BLOCK# 20
BBED> finr /c PROXY
BBED-00200: invalid keyword (finr)
BBED> find /c PROXY
File: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf (5)
Block: 20 Offsets: 4223 to 4734 Dba:0x01400014
------------------------------------------------------------------------
50524f58 595f524f 4c455f44 41544124 5f32ff02 c11c02c1 1c05494e 44455807
786e0414 09191d07 786e0414 09191d13 32303130 2d30342d 32303a30 383a3234
3a323805 56414c49 44014e01 4e014e2c 000c0749 5f555345 5223ff02 c10c02c1
0c05494e 44455807 786e0414 09191d07 786e0414 09191d13 32303130 2d30342d
32303a30 383a3234 3a323805 56414c49 44014e01 4e014e2c 000c0649 5f434f4c
31ff02c1 2e02c12e 05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332
3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00
0c07495f 43434f4c 32ff02c1 3802c138 05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778
6e041409 191d1332 3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944
014e014e 014e2c00 0c07495f 43444546 33ff02c1 3502c135 05494e44 45580778
6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332 3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a
32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00 0c07495f 49434f4c 31ff02c1 2902c129
05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332 3031302d 30342d32
303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00 0c07495f 43444546
31ff02c1 3302c133 05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332
3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> dump /v
File: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf (5)
Block: 20 Offsets: 4223 to 4734 Dba:0x01400014
-------------------------------------------------------
50524f58 595f524f 4c455f44 41544124 l PROXY_ROLE_DATA$
5f32ff02 c11c02c1 1c05494e 44455807 l _2........INDEX.
786e0414 09191d07 786e0414 09191d13 l xn......xn......
32303130 2d30342d 32303a30 383a3234 l 2010-04-20:08:24
3a323805 56414c49 44014e01 4e014e2c l :28.VALID.N.N.N,
000c0749 5f555345 5223ff02 c10c02c1 l ...I_USER#......
0c05494e 44455807 786e0414 09191d07 l ..INDEX.xn......
786e0414 09191d13 32303130 2d30342d l xn......2010-04-
32303a30 383a3234 3a323805 56414c49 l 20:08:24:28.VALI
44014e01 4e014e2c 000c0649 5f434f4c l D.N.N.N,...I_COL
31ff02c1 2e02c12e 05494e44 45580778 l 1........INDEX.x
6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332 l n......xn......2
3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a l 010-04-20:08:24:
32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00 l 28.VALID.N.N.N,.
0c07495f 43434f4c 32ff02c1 3802c138 l ..I_CCOL2...8..8
05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778 l .INDEX.xn......x
6e041409 191d1332 3031302d 30342d32 l n......2010-04-2
303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944 l 0:08:24:28.VALID
014e014e 014e2c00 0c07495f 43444546 l .N.N.N,...I_CDEF
33ff02c1 3502c135 05494e44 45580778 l 3...5..5.INDEX.x
6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332 l n......xn......2
3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a l 010-04-20:08:24:
32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00 l 28.VALID.N.N.N,.
0c07495f 49434f4c 31ff02c1 2902c129 l ..I_ICOL1...)..)
05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778 l .INDEX.xn......x
6e041409 191d1332 3031302d 30342d32 l n......2010-04-2
303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944 l 0:08:24:28.VALID
014e014e 014e2c00 0c07495f 43444546 l .N.N.N,...I_CDEF
31ff02c1 3302c133 05494e44 45580778 l 1...3..3.INDEX.x
6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332 l n......xn......2
3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a l 010-04-20:08:24:
32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00 l 28.VALID.N.N.N,.
<16 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /c abcde
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf (5)
Block: 20 Offsets: 4223 to 4734 Dba:0x01400014
------------------------------------------------------------------------
61626364 655f524f 4c455f44 41544124 5f32ff02 c11c02c1 1c05494e 44455807
786e0414 09191d07 786e0414 09191d13 32303130 2d30342d 32303a30 383a3234
3a323805 56414c49 44014e01 4e014e2c 000c0749 5f555345 5223ff02 c10c02c1
0c05494e 44455807 786e0414 09191d07 786e0414 09191d13 32303130 2d30342d
32303a30 383a3234 3a323805 56414c49 44014e01 4e014e2c 000c0649 5f434f4c
31ff02c1 2e02c12e 05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332
3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00
0c07495f 43434f4c 32ff02c1 3802c138 05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778
6e041409 191d1332 3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944
014e014e 014e2c00 0c07495f 43444546 33ff02c1 3502c135 05494e44 45580778
6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332 3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a
32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00 0c07495f 49434f4c 31ff02c1 2902c129
05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332 3031302d 30342d32
303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00 0c07495f 43444546
31ff02c1 3302c133 05494e44 45580778 6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 191d1332
3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a 32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e2c00
<32 bytes per line>
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
SQL> select object_name,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from t1 where rownum < 9;
select object_name,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from t1 where rownum < 9
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 20)
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf'而对物理损坏的修复也非常简单( 上面修改的并不是第7条记录)：
BBED> sum apply Check value for File 5, Block 20: current = 0xb5e0, required = 0xb5e0 SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache; System altered. SQL> select object_name,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from t1 where object_name like '%abcde%'; OBJECT_NAME DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID) ------------------------------ ------------------------------------ I_abcde_ROLE_DATA$_2 20
对于逻辑损坏的模拟，确实比较麻烦，因为只有oracle才知道数据块的内部逻辑结构。今天我们尝试模拟一种逻辑错误。我们指定oracle的数据是以row为单位存储在数据块中的，而每个row的第一个byte具有特殊含义，该字节的每一个位都表示不同的含义，如下图
如果我们通过bbed手工修改该byte的存储内容，那么oracle就有可能不能很好的识别该条记录，从而引发逻辑错误。
BBED> set file 5
FILE# 5
BBED> set block 20
BLOCK# 20
BBED> map /v
File: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf (5)
Block: 20 Dba:0x01400014
------------------------------------------------------------
KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4
ub4 bas_kcbh @8
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12
ub1 seq_kcbh @14
ub1 flg_kcbh @15
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18
struct ktbbh, 96 bytes @20
ub1 ktbbhtyp @20
union ktbbhsid, 4 bytes @24
struct ktbbhcsc, 8 bytes @28
b2 ktbbhict @36
ub1 ktbbhflg @38
ub1 ktbbhfsl @39
ub4 ktbbhfnx @40
struct ktbbhitl[3], 72 bytes @44
struct kdbh, 14 bytes @124
ub1 kdbhflag @124
b1 kdbhntab @125
b2 kdbhnrow @126
sb2 kdbhfrre @128
sb2 kdbhfsbo @130
sb2 kdbhfseo @132
b2 kdbhavsp @134
b2 kdbhtosp @136
struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes @138
b2 kdbtoffs @138
b2 kdbtnrow @140
sb2 kdbr[96] @142
ub1 freespace[868] @334
ub1 rowdata[6986] @1202
ub4 tailchk @8188
BBED> p *kdbr[1]
rowdata[6844]
-------------
ub1 rowdata[6844] @8046 0x2c
BBED> set offset 8046
OFFSET 8046
BBED> x /rccnncttccccc
rowdata[6844] @8046
-------------
flag@8046: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@8047: 0x00
cols@8048: 12
col 0[7] @8049: I_USER1
col 1[0] @8057: *NULL*
col 2[2] @8058: 44
col 3[2] @8061: 44
col 4[5] @8064: INDEX
col 5[7] @8070: 2010-04-20 08:24:28
col 6[7] @8078: 2010-04-20 08:24:28
col 7[19] @8086: 2010-04-20:08:24:28
col 8[5] @8106: VALID
col 9[1] @8112: N
col 10[1] @8114: N
col 11[1] @8116: N
BBED> set offset 8046
OFFSET 8046
BBED> modify /x ff
File: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf (5)
Block: 20 Offsets: 8046 to 8191 Dba:0x01400014
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ff000c07 495f5553 455231ff 02c12d02 c12d0549 4e444558 07786e04 1409191d
07786e04 1409191d 13323031 302d3034 2d32303a 30383a32 343a3238 0556414c
4944014e 014e014e 2c000c05 49434f4c 24ff02c1 1502c103 05544142 4c450778
6e041409 191d0778 6e041409 211a1332 3031302d 30342d32 303a3038 3a32343a
32380556 414c4944 014e014e 014e0106 5af8
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> x /rccnncttccccc
rowdata[6844] @8046
-------------
flag@8046: 0xff (KDRHFN, KDRHFP, KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH, KDRHFC, KDRHFK)
lock@8047: 0x00
cols@8048: 0
ckix@8049: 7
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 20:
current = 0xb533, required = 0xb533此时我们通过sqlpus查询并编辑t1
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
SQL> select count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
22944
SQL> select sum(length(object_name)) from t1;
SUM(LENGTH(OBJECT_NAME))
------------------------
531915
SQL> update t1 set object_name = rownum;
update t1 set object_name = rownum
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kddummy_blkchk], [5], [20], [6251],
[], [], [], []
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
SQL> update t1 set object_name = rownum;
update t1 set object_name = rownum
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 20)
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf'可见此时oracle认为发生了逻辑错误，查看block20的标志位发现, 逻辑损坏的标记（14字节修改位ff，tailchk中包含ff）已经打上。
BBED> set file 5 FILE# 5 BBED> set block 20 BLOCK# 20 BBED> set offset 14 OFFSET 14 BBED> dump /v count 12 File: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf (5) Block: 20 Offsets: 14 to 25 Dba:0x01400014 ------------------------------------------------------- ff0438b5 00000100 00001ecb l ..8......... <16 bytes per line> BBED> set offset 8188 OFFSET 8188 BBED> dump /v File: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/tbs101.dbf (5) Block: 20 Offsets: 8188 to 8191 Dba:0x01400014 ------------------------------------------------------- ff060000 l .... <16 bytes per line>
而逻辑损坏的修复，通常是使用dbms_repair 包将损坏块忽略
SQL> exec dbms_repair.skip_corrupt_blocks('SYS','T1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> update t1 set object_name=rownum;
22849 rows updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/yidian815/article/details/40188611
