分治法求sum(a,b)=1+a+a^2+...+a^b=?

 1 typedef long long ll;
 2 
 3 ll qpow(ll a, ll b, ll p) {
 4     ll ans = 1, x = a % p;
 5     while (b) {
 6         if (b & 1) ans = ans * x % p;
 7         x = x * x % p, b >>= 1;
 8     }
 9     return ans;
10 }
11 
12 ll sum(ll a, ll b, ll p) {
13     if (!b) return 1;
14     if (b & 1)
15         return (1 + qpow(a, (b + 1) / 2, p)) * sum(a, (b - 1) / 2, p) % p;
16     else
17         return ((1 + qpow(a, b / 2, p)) * sum(a, b / 2 - 1, p) % p + qpow(a, b, p)) % p;
18 }