cpp(布尔类型与引用)

/*
    bool 类型可以参与数学运算，在非0的情况下自动转变为1
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    bool b = 0;

    cout << "b = " << b << endl;    //    b = 0

    b++;

    cout << "b = " << b << endl;    //    b = 1

    b = b - 3;

    cout << "b = " << b << endl;    //    b = 1

}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    bool b = false;
    int a = b;

    cout << "sizeof(b) = " << sizeof(b) << endl;    //    sizeof()占用字节数，1
    cout << "a = " << a << endl;
    cout << "b = " << b << endl;

    cout << "a与b改变数值后：" << endl;
    b = 3;
    a = b;
    cout << "a = " << a << endl;
    cout << "b = " << b << endl;

    cout << "a与b再次改变数值后：" << endl;
    b = -5;
    a = b;
    cout << "a = " << a << endl;
    cout << "b = " << b << endl;

}

/*
    三目运算符既可以作为右值，也可以作为左值
    三目运算符可能返回的值中如果有常量值，则不能作为左值使用
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a = 1;
    int b = 2;

    (a < b ? a : b) = 3;    //    a = 3;

    cout << "a = " << a
        << ", b = " << b << endl;

}

/*
    引用的使用，引用在定义时必须用同类型的变量进行初始化
    语法：
    type& name = var;
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a = 4;
    int& b = a;    //    b为a的别名

    b = 5;    //    操作b就是操作a

    cout << "a = " << a << endl;　

}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a = 4;
    int& b = a;
    
    b = 5;

    cout << "a = " << a << endl;
    cout << "b = " << b << endl;
    cout << "&a = " << &a << endl;
    cout << "&b = " << &b << endl;

}