Page Object Manager

时间：2019-03-17 14:02:19 阅读：125 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

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In last chapter of Page Object Pattern of Selenium Cucumber Framework, we learned how to design Page Object pattern using Selenium Page Factory in Cucumber. This chapter is again based on Page Objects. But in this chapter we will design a Page Object Manager.

In last chapter we notices that we were creating objects of the different pages using below statement in Cucumber Step Definition files:

HomePage homePage = new HomePage(driver);
ProductListingPage productListingPage = new ProductListingPage(driver);

But what is the problem here. So far we have just one single Cucumber Step Definition file. But in the case of multiple step definition files, we will creating object of Pages again and again. Which is against the coding principle.

To avoid this situation, we can create a Page Object Manager. Duty of the Page Object Manger is to create the page’s object and also to make sure that the same object should not be created again and again. But to use single object for all the step definition files.

Design Page Object Manager Class

1. Create a New Package file and name it as managers, by right click on the src/main/java and select New >> Package. As this Page Object Manager is a part of the framework, we keep this in src/main/java folder.

2. Create a New Class file and name it as PageObjectManager by right click on the above created Package and select New >> Class.

PageObjectManager.java

package managers;



import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import pageObjects.CartPage;

import pageObjects.CheckoutPage;

import pageObjects.ConfirmationPage;

import pageObjects.HomePage;

import pageObjects.ProductListingPage;



public class PageObjectManager {

    private WebDriver driver;

    private ProductListingPage productListingPage;

    private CartPage cartPage;

    private HomePage homePage;

    private CheckoutPage checkoutPage;

    private ConfirmationPage confirmationPage;

    

    public PageObjectManager(WebDriver driver) {

        this.driver = driver;

    }

    

    public HomePage getHomePage(){

        return (homePage == null) ? homePage = new HomePage(driver) : homePage;

    }

    

    public ProductListingPage getProductListingPage() {

        return (productListingPage == null) ? productListingPage = new ProductListingPage(driver) : productListingPage;

    }

    

    public CartPage getCartPage() {

        return (cartPage == null) ? cartPage = new CartPage(driver) : cartPage;

    }

    

    public CheckoutPage getCheckoutPage() {

        return (checkoutPage == null) ? checkoutPage = new CheckoutPage(driver) : checkoutPage;

    }
}

package managers;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import pageObjects.CartPage;

import pageObjects.CheckoutPage;

import pageObjects.ConfirmationPage;

import pageObjects.HomePage;

import pageObjects.ProductListingPage;

public class PageObjectManager {

private WebDriver driver;

private ProductListingPage productListingPage;

private CartPage cartPage;

private HomePage homePage;

private CheckoutPage checkoutPage;

private ConfirmationPage confirmationPage;

public PageObjectManager(WebDriver driver) {

this.driver = driver;

}

public HomePage getHomePage(){

return (homePage == null) ? homePage = new HomePage(driver) : homePage;

}

public ProductListingPage getProductListingPage() {

return (productListingPage == null) ? productListingPage = new ProductListingPage(driver) : productListingPage;

}

public CartPage getCartPage() {

return (cartPage == null) ? cartPage = new CartPage(driver) : cartPage;

}

public CheckoutPage getCheckoutPage() {

return (checkoutPage == null) ? checkoutPage = new CheckoutPage(driver) : checkoutPage;

}

Explanation

Constructor

public PageObjectManager(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}

This constructor is asking for parameter of type WebDriver. As to create an object of the Pages, this class requires a driver. Now who so ever will create the object of this class needs to provide the driver like :

PageObjectManager pageObjectManager = new PageObjectManager(driver);

Page Object Creation Method
public HomePage getHomePage() {
return (homePage == null) ? new HomePage(driver) : homePage;
}
This method has two responsibilities:

To create an Object of Page Class only if the object is null.
To supply the already created object if it is not null

Modification in Cucumber Step Definition File

The change in above code requires change in our step definition file as well.

Steps.java

package stepDefinitions;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;
import managers.PageObjectManager;
import pageObjects.CartPage;
import pageObjects.CheckoutPage;
import pageObjects.HomePage;
import pageObjects.ProductListingPage;

public class Steps {
    WebDriver driver;
    HomePage homePage;
    ProductListingPage productListingPage;
    CartPage cartPage;
    CheckoutPage checkoutPage;
    PageObjectManager pageObjectManager;
    
    @Given("^user is on Home Page$")
    public void user_is_on_Home_Page(){
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\ToolsQA\\Libs\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        pageObjectManager = new PageObjectManager(driver);
        homePage = pageObjectManager.getHomePage();
        homePage.navigateTo_HomePage(); 
    }

    @When("^he search for \"([^\"]*)\"$")
    public void he_search_for(String product)  {
        homePage.perform_Search(product);
    }

    @When("^choose to buy the first item$")
    public void choose_to_buy_the_first_item() {
        productListingPage = pageObjectManager.getProductListingPage();
        productListingPage.select_Product(0);
        productListingPage.clickOn_AddToCart();     
    }

    @When("^moves to checkout from mini cart$")
    public void moves_to_checkout_from_mini_cart(){
        cartPage = pageObjectManager.getCartPage();
        cartPage.clickOn_Cart();
        cartPage.clickOn_ContinueToCheckout();  
    }
    
    @When("^enter personal details on checkout page$")
    public void enter_personal_details_on_checkout_page() throws InterruptedException {
        checkoutPage = pageObjectManager.getCheckoutPage();
        checkoutPage.fill_PersonalDetails();    
    }
    
    @When("^select same delivery address$")
    public void select_same_delivery_address() throws InterruptedException{
        checkoutPage.check_ShipToDifferentAddress(false);
    }
    
    @When("^select payment method as \"([^\"]*)\" payment$")
    public void select_payment_method_as_payment(String arg1){
        checkoutPage.select_PaymentMethod("CheckPayment");
    }

    @When("^place the order$")
    public void place_the_order() throws InterruptedException {
        checkoutPage.check_TermsAndCondition(true);
        checkoutPage.clickOn_PlaceOrder();
        
        driver.quit();
    }   
}

package stepDefinitions;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;

import cucumber.api.java.en.When;

import managers.PageObjectManager;

import pageObjects.CartPage;

import pageObjects.CheckoutPage;

import pageObjects.HomePage;

import pageObjects.ProductListingPage;

public class Steps {

WebDriver driver;

HomePage homePage;

ProductListingPage productListingPage;

CartPage cartPage;

CheckoutPage checkoutPage;

PageObjectManager pageObjectManager;

@Given("^user is on Home Page$")

public void user_is_on_Home_Page(){

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\ToolsQA\\Libs\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");

driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

pageObjectManager = new PageObjectManager(driver);

homePage = pageObjectManager.getHomePage();

homePage.navigateTo_HomePage();

}

@When("^he search for \"([^\"]*)\"$")

public void he_search_for(String product) {

homePage.perform_Search(product);

}

@When("^choose to buy the first item$")

public void choose_to_buy_the_first_item() {

productListingPage = pageObjectManager.getProductListingPage();

productListingPage.select_Product(0);

productListingPage.clickOn_AddToCart();

}

@When("^moves to checkout from mini cart$")

public void moves_to_checkout_from_mini_cart(){

cartPage = pageObjectManager.getCartPage();

cartPage.clickOn_Cart();

cartPage.clickOn_ContinueToCheckout();

}

@When("^enter personal details on checkout page$")

public void enter_personal_details_on_checkout_page() throws InterruptedException {

checkoutPage = pageObjectManager.getCheckoutPage();

checkoutPage.fill_PersonalDetails();

}

@When("^select same delivery address$")

public void select_same_delivery_address() throws InterruptedException{

checkoutPage.check_ShipToDifferentAddress(false);

}

@When("^select payment method as \"([^\"]*)\" payment$")

public void select_payment_method_as_payment(String arg1){

checkoutPage.select_PaymentMethod("CheckPayment");

}

@When("^place the order$")

public void place_the_order() throws InterruptedException {

checkoutPage.check_TermsAndCondition(true);

checkoutPage.clickOn_PlaceOrder();

driver.quit();

}

Notice, now the duty of the creation of all the pages assigned to only one class which is Page Object Manager.

Run the Cucumber Test

Run as JUnit

Now we are all set to run the Cucumber test. Right Click on TestRunner class and Click Run As >> JUnit Test. Cucumber will run the script the same way it runs in Selenium WebDriver and the result will be shown in the left hand side project explorer window in JUnit tab.

Project Explorer

Page Object Classes

Although there are no changes required in our Page Objects classes, but I am pasting all of these for your reference.

HomePage,java

package pageObjects;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class HomePage {
    WebDriver driver;
    
    public HomePage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    public void perform_Search(String search) {
        driver.navigate().to("http://shop.demoqa.com/?s=" + search + "&post_type=product");
    }
    
    public void navigateTo_HomePage() {
        driver.get("http://www.shop.demoqa.com");
    }

}

package pageObjects;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class HomePage {

WebDriver driver;

public HomePage(WebDriver driver) {

this.driver = driver;

PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);

}

public void perform_Search(String search) {

driver.navigate().to("http://shop.demoqa.com/?s=" + search + "&post_type=product");

}

public void navigateTo_HomePage() {

driver.get("http://www.shop.demoqa.com");

}

ProductListingPage.java

package pageObjects;

import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindAll;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class ProductListingPage {
    WebDriver driver;
    
    public ProductListingPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "button.single_add_to_cart_button") 
    private WebElement btn_AddToCart;
    
    @FindAll(@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = ".noo-product-inner"))
    private List<WebElement> prd_List;    
    
    public void clickOn_AddToCart() {
        btn_AddToCart.click();
    }
    
    public void select_Product(int productNumber) {
        prd_List.get(productNumber).click();
    }

}

package pageObjects;

import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindAll;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class ProductListingPage {

WebDriver driver;

public ProductListingPage(WebDriver driver) {

this.driver = driver;

PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);

}

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "button.single_add_to_cart_button")

private WebElement btn_AddToCart;

@FindAll(@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = ".noo-product-inner"))

private List<WebElement> prd_List;

public void clickOn_AddToCart() {

btn_AddToCart.click();

}

public void select_Product(int productNumber) {

prd_List.get(productNumber).click();

}

CartPage.java

package pageObjects;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class CartPage {
    WebDriver driver;
    
    public CartPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = ".cart-button") 
    private WebElement btn_Cart;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = ".checkout-button.alt") 
    private WebElement btn_ContinueToCheckout;
    
    
    public void clickOn_Cart() {
        btn_Cart.click();
    }
    
    public void clickOn_ContinueToCheckout(){
        btn_ContinueToCheckout.click();
        try { Thread.sleep(5000);}
        catch (InterruptedException e) {}
    }
    
}

package pageObjects;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class CartPage {

WebDriver driver;

public CartPage(WebDriver driver) {

this.driver = driver;

PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);

}

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = ".cart-button")

private WebElement btn_Cart;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = ".checkout-button.alt")

private WebElement btn_ContinueToCheckout;

public void clickOn_Cart() {

btn_Cart.click();

}

public void clickOn_ContinueToCheckout(){

btn_ContinueToCheckout.click();

try { Thread.sleep(5000);}

catch (InterruptedException e) {}

}

CheckoutPage.java

package pageObjects;


import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindAll;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class CheckoutPage {
    WebDriver driver;
    
    public CheckoutPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_first_name") 
    private WebElement txtbx_FirstName;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_last_name") 
    private WebElement txtbx_LastName;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_email") 
    private WebElement txtbx_Email;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_phone") 
    private WebElement txtbx_Phone;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_country_field .select2-arrow") 
    private WebElement drpdwn_CountryDropDownArrow;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_state_field .select2-arrow") 
    private WebElement drpdwn_CountyDropDownArrow;
    
    @FindAll(@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#select2-drop ul li"))
    private List<WebElement> country_List;    
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_city") 
    private WebElement txtbx_City;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_address_1") 
    private WebElement txtbx_Address;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_postcode") 
    private WebElement txtbx_PostCode;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#ship-to-different-address-checkbox") 
    private WebElement chkbx_ShipToDifferetAddress;
    
    @FindAll(@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "ul.wc_payment_methods li"))
    private List<WebElement> paymentMethod_List;  
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#terms.input-checkbox") 
    private WebElement chkbx_AcceptTermsAndCondition;
    
    @FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#place_order") 
    private WebElement btn_PlaceOrder;
    
    
    public void enter_Name(String name) {
        txtbx_FirstName.sendKeys(name);
    }
    
    public void enter_LastName(String lastName) {
        txtbx_LastName.sendKeys(lastName);
    }

    public void enter_Email(String email) {
        txtbx_Email.sendKeys(email);
    }
    
    public void enter_Phone(String phone) {
        txtbx_Phone.sendKeys(phone);
    }
    
    public void enter_City(String city) {
        txtbx_City.sendKeys(city);
    }
    
    public void enter_Address(String address) {
        txtbx_Address.sendKeys(address);
    }
    
    public void enter_PostCode(String postCode) {
        txtbx_PostCode.sendKeys(postCode);
    }
    
    public void check_ShipToDifferentAddress(boolean value) {
        if(!value) chkbx_ShipToDifferetAddress.click();
        try { Thread.sleep(5000);}
        catch (InterruptedException e) {}
    }
    
    public void select_Country(String countryName) {
        drpdwn_CountryDropDownArrow.click();
        try { Thread.sleep(2000);}
        catch (InterruptedException e) {}

        for(WebElement country : country_List){
            if(country.getText().equals(countryName)) {
                country.click();    
                try { Thread.sleep(3000);}
                catch (InterruptedException e) {}
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    public void select_County(String countyName) {
        drpdwn_CountyDropDownArrow.click();
        try { Thread.sleep(2000);}
        catch (InterruptedException e) {}

        for(WebElement county : country_List){
            if(county.getText().equals(countyName)) {
                county.click(); 
                try { Thread.sleep(3000);}
                catch (InterruptedException e) {}
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    public void select_PaymentMethod(String paymentMethod) {
        if(paymentMethod.equals("CheckPayment")) {
            paymentMethod_List.get(0).click();
        }else if(paymentMethod.equals("Cash")) {
            paymentMethod_List.get(1).click();
        }else {
            new Exception("Payment Method not recognised : " + paymentMethod);
        }
        try { Thread.sleep(3000);}
        catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        
    }
    
    public void check_TermsAndCondition(boolean value) {
        if(value) chkbx_AcceptTermsAndCondition.click();
    }
    
    public void clickOn_PlaceOrder() {
        btn_PlaceOrder.submit();
    }
    
    
    public void fill_PersonalDetails() {
        enter_Name("Aotomation");
        enter_LastName("Test");
        enter_Phone("0000000000");
        enter_Email("Automation@gmail.com");
        select_Country("India");
        enter_City("Delhi");
        enter_Address("Shalimar Bagh");
        enter_PostCode("110088");
        select_County("Delhi");
        
    }

}

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package pageObjects;

import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindAll;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class CheckoutPage {

WebDriver driver;

public CheckoutPage(WebDriver driver) {

this.driver = driver;

PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);

}

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_first_name")

private WebElement txtbx_FirstName;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_last_name")

private WebElement txtbx_LastName;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_email")

private WebElement txtbx_Email;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_phone")

private WebElement txtbx_Phone;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_country_field .select2-arrow")

private WebElement drpdwn_CountryDropDownArrow;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_state_field .select2-arrow")

private WebElement drpdwn_CountyDropDownArrow;

@FindAll(@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#select2-drop ul li"))

private List<WebElement> country_List;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_city")

private WebElement txtbx_City;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_address_1")

private WebElement txtbx_Address;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#billing_postcode")

private WebElement txtbx_PostCode;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#ship-to-different-address-checkbox")

private WebElement chkbx_ShipToDifferetAddress;

@FindAll(@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "ul.wc_payment_methods li"))

private List<WebElement> paymentMethod_List;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#terms.input-checkbox")

private WebElement chkbx_AcceptTermsAndCondition;

@FindBy(how = How.CSS, using = "#place_order")

private WebElement btn_PlaceOrder;

public void enter_Name(String name) {

txtbx_FirstName.sendKeys(name);

}

public void enter_LastName(String lastName) {

txtbx_LastName.sendKeys(lastName);

}

public void enter_Email(String email) {

txtbx_Email.sendKeys(email);

}

public void enter_Phone(String phone) {

txtbx_Phone.sendKeys(phone);

}

public void enter_City(String city) {

txtbx_City.sendKeys(city);

}

public void enter_Address(String address) {

txtbx_Address.sendKeys(address);

}

public void enter_PostCode(String postCode) {

txtbx_PostCode.sendKeys(postCode);

}

public void check_ShipToDifferentAddress(boolean value) {

if(!value) chkbx_ShipToDifferetAddress.click();

try { Thread.sleep(5000);}

catch (InterruptedException e) {}

}

public void select_Country(String countryName) {

drpdwn_CountryDropDownArrow.click();

try { Thread.sleep(2000);}

catch (InterruptedException e) {}

for(WebElement country : country_List){

if(country.getText().equals(countryName)) {

country.click();

try { Thread.sleep(3000);}

catch (InterruptedException e) {}

break;

}

public void select_County(String countyName) {

drpdwn_CountyDropDownArrow.click();

try { Thread.sleep(2000);}

catch (InterruptedException e) {}

for(WebElement county : country_List){

if(county.getText().equals(countyName)) {

county.click();

try { Thread.sleep(3000);}

catch (InterruptedException e) {}

break;

}

public void select_PaymentMethod(String paymentMethod) {

if(paymentMethod.equals("CheckPayment")) {

paymentMethod_List.get(0).click();

}else if(paymentMethod.equals("Cash")) {

paymentMethod_List.get(1).click();

}else {

new Exception("Payment Method not recognised : " + paymentMethod);

}

try { Thread.sleep(3000);}

catch (InterruptedException e) {}

}

public void check_TermsAndCondition(boolean value) {

if(value) chkbx_AcceptTermsAndCondition.click();

}

public void clickOn_PlaceOrder() {

btn_PlaceOrder.submit();

}

public void fill_PersonalDetails() {

enter_Name("Aotomation");

enter_LastName("Test");

enter_Phone("0000000000");

enter_Email("Automation@gmail.com");

select_Country("India");

enter_City("Delhi");

enter_Address("Shalimar Bagh");

enter_PostCode("110088");

select_County("Delhi");

}

Cucumber Test Runner File

No change in Test Runner file.

TestRunner.java

package runners;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
        features = "src/test/resources/functionalTests",
        glue= {"stepDefinitions"}
        )
 

public class TestRunner {

}

package runners;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;

import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)

@CucumberOptions(

features = "src/test/resources/functionalTests",

glue= {"stepDefinitions"}

)

public class TestRunner {

}

Cucumber Feature File

No change in Test Runner file.

End2End_Tests.feature

Feature: Automated End2End Tests
Description: The purpose of this feature is to test End 2 End integration.
 
Scenario: Customer place an order by purchasing an item from search 
    Given user is on Home Page
    When he search for "dress"
    And choose to buy the first item
    And moves to checkout from mini cart
    And enter personal details on checkout page
    And select same delivery address
    And select payment method as "check" payment
    And place the order

Feature: Automated End2End Tests

Description: The purpose of this feature is to test End 2 End integration.

Scenario: Customer place an order by purchasing an item from search

Given user is on Home Page

When he search for "dress"

And choose to buy the first item

And moves to checkout from mini cart

And enter personal details on checkout page

And select same delivery address

And select payment method as "check" payment

And place the order

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wldan/p/10546565.html

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