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使用BBED跳过归档进行恢复

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https://blog.csdn.net/gumengkai/article/details/53311390

使用BBED跳过归档进行恢复

数据库启动异常,提示6号文件丢失
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  776646656 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257272 bytes
Variable Size             490737288 bytes
Database Buffers          281018368 bytes
Redo Buffers                2633728 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
分析过程:
1. 查看告警日志和trace
[oracle@centos6 trace]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
[oracle@centos6 trace]$ cat alert_orcl.log
日志内容如下:
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_dbw0_3020.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_3042.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...
根据告警日志中的信息查看trace文件
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
[oracle@centos6 ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_3042.trc
trace内容:
DDE: Problem Key ORA 1110 was flood controlled (0x1) (no incident)
ORA-01110: data file 6: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
基本可以确认,是6号文件丢失
2. 使用rman还原6号文件
--查看数据库状态

RMAN> report schema;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    760      SYSTEM               ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2    590      SYSAUX               ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3    105      UNDOTBS1             ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4    5        USERS                ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5    330      EXAMPLE              ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
6    0        T                    ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
7    100      TBS1                 ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs_1.dbf
8    100      TBS2                 ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs2.dbf
9    1        UNDO1                ***     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undo01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    29       TEMP                 32767       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
6号文件大小为0,说明该数据文件已经丢失。

--restore还原6号文件

RMAN> restore datafile 6;
Starting restore at 20-NOV-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_10_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161023T102912_d0r83s29_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_10_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161023T102912_d0r83s29_.bkp tag=TAG20161023T102912
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 20-NOV-16
3. 尝试打开数据库
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 6 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 6: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
提示需要介质恢复
4. 查看数据文件头部和控制文件记录的检查点信息
控制文件:

SQL> select FILE#,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile;
 
     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
         1            2190210
         2            2190210
         3            2190210
         4            2190210
         5            2190210
         6            2190210
         7            2190210
         8            2190210
         9            2190210
 
9 rows selected. #可见控制文件中记录的检查点信息是一致的
数据文件头部:

SQL> select FILE# ,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile_header;
 
     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
         1            2190210
         2            2190210
         3            2190210
         4            2190210
         5            2190210
         6            1301034  #此时oracle会取读6号文件1号块的信息
         7            2190210
         8            2190210
         9            2190210
 
9 rows selected.
对比控制文件记录的检查点信息和数据文件头部的检查点信息,看两者是否一致。

数据文件头部的scn要比控制文件记录的scn要小,所以要利用归档日志应用日志将数据文件恢复到2190210这个时间点。

5. 使用recover命令恢复6号文件
SQL> recover datafile 6;
ORA-00279: change 1301034 generated at 10/23/2016 10:29:13 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_10_23/o1_mf_1_4_d0rb9tqo
_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1301034 for thread 1 is in sequence #4
 
 
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
提示要应用o1_mf_1_4_d0rb9tqo_.arc从1301034进行恢复
6号文件头部记录了检查点信息,包括时间(scn)和RBA,即日志地址,之前的日志就不需要再进行恢复。

--回车进行自动恢复 1322797

ORA-00279: change 1322797 generated at 10/23/2016 11:06:34 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_10_24/o1_mf_1_5_d0vhzoyw
_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1322797 for thread 1 is in sequence #5
 
 
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
检查点信息已经到了1322797,还是要比控制文件记录的要小。再从1322797应用归档进行恢复。

--1344052
ORA-00279: change 1344052 generated at 10/24/2016 16:01:57 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_10_24/o1_mf_1_6_d0vj3ffm
_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1344052 for thread 1 is in sequence #6
 
 
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
以下重复内容不再贴出来..

--恢复异常,25号归档日志文件丢失

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
ORA-00279: change 1928225 generated at 11/13/2016 11:30:53 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_11_13/o1_mf_1_25_d2htrdn
9_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1928225 for thread 1 is in sequence #25
 
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_11_13/o1_mf_1_25_d2htrd
n9_.arc
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
6. 到指定目录下查看归档日志是否还在
[oracle@centos6 2016_11_13]$ ls
o1_mf_1_23_d2hqlxhy_.arc      o1_mf_1_26_d2hwpw1f_.arc
o1_mf_1_24_d2hqmflr_.arc      o1_mf_1_27_d2jcddcq_.arc
的确是缺少了25号归档日志文件

--再看此时数据文件头部的scn

SQL> select FILE# ,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile_header;
 
     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
         1            2190210
         2            2190210
         3            2190210
         4            2190210
         5            2190210
         6            1928225
         7            2190210
         8            2190210
         9            2190210
 
9 rows selected.
还没有恢复到异常发生前的scn,如果此时直接打开数据库,后面的归档日志记录的信息就丢失了。

7. 修改数据文件头部的检查点信息,以跳过25号归档日志。将检查点信息指向26号日志。
--修改RBA,SCN

RBA(redo byte addres) à sequence number+block number+offset 61è62

SCN(system change number) 使数据文件头部的SCN从61号日志的开始SCN指向62号日志的开始SCN

8. 使用BBED修改6号文件头部的RBA,6号文件1号块
注:oracle11g offset 500-->RBA offset 484-->SCN

BBED> set file 6
        FILE#           6
 
BBED> map /v     --dump出1号块的结构
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6)
 Block: 1                                     Dba:0x01800001
------------------------------------------------------------
 Data File Header
 
 struct kcvfh, 860 bytes                    @0       
    struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes               @0       
    struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes               @20      
    ub4 kcvfhrdb                            @96      
    struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes                @100     
    ub4 kcvfhcrt                            @108     
    ub4 kcvfhrlc                            @112     
    struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes                @116     
    ub4 kcvfhbti                            @124     
    struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes                @128     
    ub2 kcvfhbth                            @136     
    ub2 kcvfhsta                            @138     
    struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes               @484     
    ub4 kcvfhcpc                            @140     
    ub4 kcvfhrts                            @144     
    ub4 kcvfhccc                            @148     
    struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes               @152     
    ub4 kcvfhbhz                            @312     
    struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes               @316     
    sword kcvfhtsn                          @332     
    ub2 kcvfhtln                            @336     
    text kcvfhtnm[30]                       @338     
    ub4 kcvfhrfn                            @368     
    struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes                @372     
    ub4 kcvfhrft                            @380     
    struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes                @384     
    ub4 kcvfhbbc                            @392     
    ub4 kcvfhncb                            @396     
    ub4 kcvfhmcb                            @400     
    ub4 kcvfhlcb                            @404     
    ub4 kcvfhbcs                            @408     
    ub2 kcvfhofb                            @412     
    ub2 kcvfhnfb                            @414     
    ub4 kcvfhprc                            @416     
    struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes                @420     
    struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes               @428     
    ub4 kcvfhtrt                            @444     
 
 ub4 tailchk                                @8188   
 
BBED> p kcvfhckp   --484号检查点的结构
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @484     
   struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @484     
      ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x001d6c21 –低位4个字节
      ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000    --高位两个字节
   ub4 kcvcptim                             @492      0x374d2ced
   ub2 kcvcpthr                             @496      0x0001
   union u, 12 bytes                        @500     
      struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes             @500     
         ub4 kcrbaseq                       @500      0x00000019
         ub4 kcrbabno                       @504      0x00000002
         ub2 kcrbabof                       @508      0x0000
   ub1 kcvcpetb[0]                          @512      0x02
   ub1 kcvcpetb[1]                          @513      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[2]                          @514      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[3]                          @515      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[4]                          @516      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[5]                          @517      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[6]                          @518      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[7]                          @519      0x00
 
SQL> select to_number(19,xx) fromdual;  --25号文件

TO_NUMBER(19,XX)

--------------------

                  25

也就是从25号文件,2号块,偏移量为0的位置开始恢复。

只需要把25改为26即可,02不需修改,因为日志文件的第一个块是文件头,也就是从2号文件开始写日志的,恢复的时候也是从2号块开始恢复。

将19改为1a
BBED> d /v offset 500 count 16
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6)
 Block: 1       Offsets:  500 to  515  Dba:0x01800001
-------------------------------------------------------
 19000000 02000000 00009f98 02000000 l ................
 
BBED> modify /x 1a offset 500
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6)
 Block: 1                Offsets:  500 to  515           Dba:0x01800001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1a000000 02000000 00009f98 02000000 
 
 <32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 6, Block 1:
current = 0xea80, required = 0xea80
9. 修改SCN 6号文件1号块
 struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @484     
      ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x001d6c21 #低位4个字节
      ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000     #高位2个字节
接下来要推测26号日志开始的SCN,可以从控制文件中记录的V$LOG_HISTORY查看

SQL> select SEQUENCE#,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE# from v$log_history;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------- ------------
        20       1700044      1721365
        21       1721365      1754090
        22       1754090      1791173
        23       1791173      1829681
        24       1829681      1928225
        25       1928225      2023273
        26       2023273      2046588
 
这样就可以去确定,将1028225改为2023273

1D6C21(21 6c 1d)---》à1edf69(69df 1e)  #此时可以用计算器转换,因为数据库未打开,不能使用函数转换

通过将6号文件头部的SCN转换也可以验证这一点。

SQL> select to_number(1d6c21,xxxxxx) from dual;
 
TO_NUMBER(1D6C21,XXXXXX)
----------------------------
                     1928225
 
BBED> d /v offset 484 count 16
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6)
 Block: 1       Offsets:  484 to  499  Dba:0x01800001
-------------------------------------------------------
 216c1d00 00000000 ed2c4d37 01000000 l !l......?M7....
 
 <16 bytes per line>
注意,因为这里linux使用的是小端,number类型为倒置存储

BBED> modify  /x 69 offset 484
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6)
 Block: 1                Offsets:  484 to  499           Dba:0x01800001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 696c1d00 00000000 ed2c4d37 01000000 
 
 <32 bytes per line>
 
BBED> modify /x df offset 485
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6)
 Block: 1                Offsets:  485 to  500           Dba:0x01800001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 df1d0000 000000ed 2c4d3701 0000001a 
 
 <32 bytes per line>
 
BBED> modify /x 1e offset 486
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6)
 Block: 1                Offsets:  486 to  501           Dba:0x01800001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1e000000 0000ed2c 4d370100 00001a00 
 
 <32 bytes per line>
 
BBED> sum apply;
Check value for File 6, Block 1:
current = 0x59cb, required = 0x59cb
10. 恢复6号文件,看是否能够恢复
SQL> recover datafile 6  
ORA-00279: change 2023273 generated at 11/13/2016 11:30:53 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_11_13/o1_mf_1_26_d2hwpw1
f_.arc
ORA-00280: change 2023273 for thread 1 is in sequence #26
 
 
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
可以看到此时已经从26号日志开始恢复了
SQL> recover datafile 6 
ORA-00279: change 2096676 generated at 11/16/2016 18:54:49 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_11_19/o1_mf_1_29_d2zk84c
z_.arc
ORA-00280: change 2096676 for thread 1 is in sequence #29
 
 
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
 
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
 
Database altered.
数据库可以打开了。此时最好尽快做一个全库备份

==============================================================================================================================


附上模拟故障的脚本:

1.    移除数据文件 t01.dbf
[oracle@centos6 orcl]$ ls
control01.ctl  redo01.log  redo03.log    system01.dbf  tbs_1.dbf  temp01.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
example01.dbf  redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  t01.dbf       tbs2.dbf   undo01.dbf  users01.dbf
[oracle@centos6 orcl]$ mkdir bak
[oracle@centos6 orcl]$ mv t01.dbf bak/t01.dbf
2.    查看最近的备份文件
RMAN> list backup of database;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4       Full    1.12G      DISK        00:00:19     23-OCT-16      
        BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20161023T102912
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_10_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161023T102912_d0r83s29_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 4
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 1301034    23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
  2       Full 1301034    23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
  3       Full 1301034    23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
  4       Full 1301034    23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
  5       Full 1301034    23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
  6       Full 1301034    23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf
最新的备份为10月26号
3.    查看归档日志
[oracle@centos6 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog
[oracle@centos6 archivelog]$ ls
2016_10_16  2016_10_24  2016_11_01  2016_11_03  2016_11_06  2016_11_12  2016_11_16  2016_11_20
2016_10_23  2016_10_29  2016_11_02  2016_11_05  2016_11_09  2016_11_13  2016_11_19
4.    移除2016_11_13的其中一个归档日志文件
[oracle@centos6 archivelog]$ cd 2016_11_13
[oracle@centos6 2016_11_13]$ ls
o1_mf_1_23_d2hqlxhy_.arc  o1_mf_1_25_d2htrdn9_.arc  o1_mf_1_27_d2jcddcq_.arc
o1_mf_1_24_d2hqmflr_.arc  o1_mf_1_26_d2hwpw1f_.arc
[oracle@centos6 2016_11_13]$ mv o1_mf_1_25_d2htrdn9_.arc o1_mf_1_25_d2htrdn9_.arc.bak
5.    关闭数据库,重新打开
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  776646656 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257272 bytes
Variable Size             490737288 bytes
Database Buffers          281018368 bytes
Redo Buffers                2633728 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf



--------------------- 
作者:bitko 
来源:CSDN 
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/gumengkai/article/details/53311390 
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!


==================================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================================

 

使用BBED跳过归档进行恢复

标签:ash   recover   应用归档   catalog   xxxxx   hmc   链接   文件头   xxx   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chendian0/p/10557637.html

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