标签：and append 元素 relative 本地 转换 debug 修改内容 mktime
import time
print(time.time()) #1554370227.6189237 秒, 时间戳，从1970年1月1日 00:00开始到现在，1970年是Unix元年
t = time.localtime() #结构化时间，本地时间
print(t) #time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=17, tm_min=39, tm_sec=40, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=94, tm_isdst=0)
print(t.tm_year) #2019 ，取年份
print(time.localtime(1554371025.1826413)) #将当前时间转换为结构化时间
t2 = time.gmtime() #结构化时间，UTC时间
print(t2) #time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=9, tm_min=39, tm_sec=40, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=94, tm_isdst=0)
print(time.mktime(time.localtime())) #将结构化时间转换为时间戳
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.localtime())) #2019-04-04 18:16:04 将结构化时间转换为字符串时间
print(time.strptime("2019-04-04 18:16:04", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")) #time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=18, tm_min=16, tm_sec=4, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=94, tm_isdst=-1) 将字符串时间转换为结构化时间
print(time.asctime()) #将结构化时间转换为固定的格式， Mon Apr 8 15:47:59 2019
print(time.ctime()) #将时间戳时间转换为固定的格式， Mon Apr 8 15:48:48 2019
import datetime
print(datetime.datetime.now()) #2019-04-08 15:54:06.410871import random
print(random.random()) #0 ~ 1之间的浮点数
print(random.randint(1,10)) #1 ~ 10之间的整数
print(random.randrange(1,10)) #1 ~ 10之间的整数，不包括10
print(random.choice([11,22,33])) #在列表中随机取1个元素
print(random.sample([11,22,33],2)) #在列表中随机取2个元素
print(random.uniform(1,5)) #1 ~ 5之间的浮点数
l = [1,2,3,4,5]
random.shuffle(l) #洗牌
print(l) #[4, 1, 3, 5, 2]import random
def v_code():
ret = ""
for i in range(5):
num = random.randint(0,9)
alf = chr(random.randint(65,90))
s = str(random.choice([num,alf]))
ret += s
return ret
print(v_code())import sys,os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
print(BASE_DIR) #D:\VirtualBox VMs\data\pyobj\1904
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)
print(sys.path) #['D:\\VirtualBox VMs\\data\\pyobj\\1904\\0404', 'D:\\VirtualBox VMs\\data\\pyobj\\1904', 'C:\\Python\\Python35\\python35.zip', 'C:\\Python\\Python35\\DLLs', 'C:\\Python\\Python35\\lib', 'C:\\Python\\Python35', 'C:\\Python\\Python35\\lib\\site-packages', 'D:\\VirtualBox VMs\\data\\pyobj\\1904']import os
print(os.getcwd()) #获取当前工作目录，D:\VirtualBox VMs\data\pyobj\1904\0404
os.chdir("D:\\VirtualBox VMs\\data\\pyobj\\1904\\") #cd命令
print(os.getcwd()) #D:\VirtualBox VMs\data\pyobj\1904
# 目录操作
os.makedirs("dir1/dir2/dir3") #mkdir -p dir1/dir2/dir3
os.removedirs("dir1/dir2/dir3") #rmdir -p dir1/dir2/dir3
os.mkdir("dir1") #mkdir dir1
os.rmdir("dir1") #rmdir dir1
print(os.listdir("0403")) #ls -a
# 文件操作
os.remove("test.txt") #删除一个文件
os.rename("test.txt", "new_test.txt")
print(os.stat("new_test.txt")) #文件的元数据，os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9570149208162616, st_dev=2457279955, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=0, st_atime=1554785068, st_mtime=1554785068, st_ctime=1554785068)
print(os.path.getatime("new_test.txt"))
print(os.path.getmtime("new_test.txt"))
print(os.path.getctime("new_test.txt"))
# 其他
print(os.sep) #路径分隔符
print(os.linesep) #换行符
print(os.pathsep) #路径分隔符，比如环境变量的配置
print(os.name) #操作系统的名字
print(os.system("ipconfig")) #执行操作系统命令
# 路径
print(os.path.split(os.getcwd())) #('D:\\VirtualBox VMs\\data\\pyobj\\1904', '0404')
print(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())) #D:\VirtualBox VMs\data\pyobj\1904
print(os.path.basename(os.getcwd())) #0404
print(os.path.exists("D:\\dir1\\test.txt")) #判断路径是否存在
print(os.path.isabs("D:\\dir1\\test.txt")) #是否是绝对路径
print(os.path.isfile("D:\\dir1\\test.txt")) #是否是一个文件
a = "D:\\dir1"
b = "test.txt"
print(os.path.join(a,b)) #路径拼接，D:\dir1\test.txtimport sys
print(sys.argv) #命令行参数列表，第一个元素是程序本身路径，['D:/VirtualBox VMs/data/pyobj/1904/0404/模块.py']
print(sys.version) #python版本，3.5.3 (v3.5.3:1880cb95a742, Jan 16 2017, 16:02:32) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
sys.stdout.write('#') #打印到屏幕，#
sys.exit(1) #退出程序
print(sys.path) #打印环境变量
print(sys.platform) #打印操作系统平台名称import time,sys
for i in range(30):
sys.stdout.write('#')
time.sleep(0.1)
sys.stdout.flush()import json
dic = {"name":"dongfei", "age":18, "gender":"M"}
data = json.dumps(dic)
print(data, type(data)) #{"name": "dongfei", "age": 18, "gender": "M"} <class 'str'>
# with open("test.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
# f.write(data)
with open("test.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
new_data = json.loads(f.read())
print(new_data,type(new_data)) #{'age': 18, 'name': 'dongfei', 'gender': 'M'} <class 'dict'>import json
dic = {"name":"dongfei", "age":18, "gender":"M"}
with open("test2.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(dic,f)
with open("test2.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
new_data = json.load(f)
print(new_data,type(new_data)) #{'gender': 'M', 'name': 'dongfei', 'age': 18} <class 'dict'>pickle用法和json完全一样，但是pickle支持序列化函数和类，但是只能在python程序间使用，pickle文本不可读
shelve使用方法(pickle的高级封装)
import shelve
f = shelve.open(r"test4.txt")
f["stu1_info"] = {"name":"dongfei", "age":18, "gender":"M"}
print(f.get("stu1_info")["age"]) #18<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
<country name="Liechtenstein">
<rank updated="yes">2</rank>
<year>2008</year>
<gdppc>141100</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
<neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
</country>
<country name="Singapore">
<rank updated="yes">5</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>59900</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
</country>
<country name="Panama">
<rank updated="yes">69</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>13600</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
<neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
</country>
</data>import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("test5.xml")
root = tree.getroot() #获取根节点
print(root.tag) #根标签名字，data
# 遍历xml文档
for child in root:
print(child.tag, child.attrib)
for i in child:
print(i.tag, i.text) #text取内容
# 遍历year节点
for node in root.iter("year"):
print(node.tag, node.text)
# 修改
for node in root.iter("year"):
new_year = int(node.text) + 1
node.text = str(new_year) #修改内容
node.set("update", "yes") #修改属性值
tree.write("test6.xml")
# 删除
for country in root.findall("country"): #findall查找文档中所有
rank = int(country.find("rank").text)
if rank > 50:
root.remove(country)
tree.write("test7.xml")import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
new_xml = ET.Element("namelist") #namelist 是根节点名
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "name", attrib={"enrolled": "yes"})
age = ET.SubElement(name, "age", attrib={"checked":"no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(name, "sex")
sex.text = 'M'
name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "name", attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
age = ET.SubElement(name2, "age")
age.text = "18"
et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象
et.write("test8.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)
ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的文档对象<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<namelist>
<name enrolled="yes">
<age checked="no" />
<sex>M</sex>
</name>
<name enrolled="no">
<age>18</age>
</name>
</namelist>[a-z] 表示所有小写字母
[^a-z] 表示所有小写字符外的字符
re.findall("\([^()]*\)","12+(23*5+2-5*(4-2))") #['(4-2)'] 匹配最里边的括号和内容\d 匹配任何十进制数；它相当于类 [0-9]
\D 匹配任何非数字字符；它相当于类 [^0-9]
\s 匹配任何空白字符；它相当于类 [ \t\n\r\f\v]
\S 匹配任何非空白字符；它相当于类 [^ \t\n\r\f\v]
\w 匹配任何字母数字字符；它相当于类 [a-zA-Z0-9_]
\W 匹配任何非字母数字字符；它相当于类 [^a-zA-Z0-9_]
\b 匹配一个特殊字符边界，比如空格 ，&，＃等，单词锚定
>>> re.findall("I\\b","hello I am list")
['I']
>>> re.findall(r"I\b","hello I am list") #r 的意思是原生字符串，里边的内容不需要让python解释器翻译
['I']>>> re.search(r"(?P<str_name>[a-z]+)\d+","hello33 I am list").group("str_name") #后向引用
'hello'import re
print(re.findall("\d+", "asdf123alsdkjflwk332alskjdfkl55kk")) #查询字符串中所有匹配到的元素，并返回一个列表
print(re.search(r"(?P<str_name>[a-z]+)\d+","hello33 I am list").group("str_name")) #匹配到第一个匹配到的元素，返回一个对象
print(re.match("abc","abc123abc")) #相当于在search基础上加了^行首锚定
print(re.split("[,|]","abc,sdf,dfs|jkljks|sd")) #使用特定的分隔符讲字符串分割后返回列表
print(re.sub("\d","B","abc123sdf33ds")) #将匹配到的做替换操作，abcBBBsdfBBds
print(re.subn("\d","B","abc123sdf33ds")) #('abcBBBsdfBBds', 5)
rule = re.compile("\d+") #编译
print(rule.findall("asdf123alsdkjflwk332alskjdfkl55kk")) #['123', '332', '55']
iter1 = re.finditer("\d+","asdf123alsdkjflwk332alskjdfkl55kk") #返回一个迭代器对象
print(next(iter1).group()) #123
print(re.findall("www\.(baidu|qq|aliyun)\.com","www.baidu.com")) #['baidu']
print(re.findall("www\.(?:baidu|qq|aliyun)\.com","www.baidu.com")) #?: 去优先级，['www.baidu.com']import logging
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.INFO, #定义日志记录级别
filename="dongfei.log", #存放到文件中
filemode="w", #日志记录模式，默认是追加模式
format="%(asctime)s %(filename)s [%(lineno)d] %(message)s"
)
logging.debug("debug message")
logging.info("info message")
logging.warning("warning message")
logging.error("error message")
logging.critical("critical message")%(name)s Logger的名字
%(levelno)s 数字形式的日志级别
%(levelname)s 文本形式的日志级别
%(pathname)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名，可能没有
%(filename)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名
%(module)s 调用日志输出函数的模块名
%(funcName)s 调用日志输出函数的函数名
%(lineno)d 调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行
%(created)f 当前时间，用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示
%(relativeCreated)d 输出日志信息时的，自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数
%(asctime)s 字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒
%(thread)d 线程ID。可能没有
%(threadName)s 线程名。可能没有
%(process)d 进程ID。可能没有
%(message)s用户输出的消息import logging
def logger(logfile):
logger = logging.getLogger("mylogger")
logger.setLevel("INFO") #设置日志级别
fh = logging.FileHandler(logfile) #向文件输出
ch = logging.StreamHandler() #向屏幕输出
fm = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(message)s") #自定义格式
fh.setFormatter(fm)
ch.setFormatter(fm)
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.addHandler(ch)
return logger
logger = logger("dongfei2.log") #实例化
logger.debug("debug message")
logger.info("info message")
logger.warning("warning message")
logger.error("error message")
logger.critical("critical message")import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser() #实例化
config["DEFAULT"] = {
"ServerAliveInterval": 45,
"Compression": "yes",
"CompressionLevel": 9
}
with open("dongfei2.conf", "w") as f:
config.write(f)[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes
[bitbucket.org]
User = hg
[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = noimport configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read("confile.conf")
# 查
print(config.sections()) #查询除default外的所有键['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
print(config["bitbucket.org"]["User"]) #查 ，hg
print(config["DEFAULT"]["CompressionLevel"]) #9
for key in config["bitbucket.org"]: #无论遍历哪个键都会显示default段
print(key)
print(config.options("bitbucket.org")) #['user', 'serveraliveinterval', 'compression', 'compressionlevel', 'forwardx11']
print(config.items("bitbucket.org")) #[('serveraliveinterval', '45'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '9'), ('forwardx11', 'yes'), ('user', 'hg')]
print(config.get("bitbucket.org","CompressionLevel")) #9import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read("confile.conf")
config.add_section("open.org") #增键
config.set("open.org","k1","v1") #增值
config.remove_section("topsecret.server.com") #删键
config.remove_option("DEFAULT","compression") #删值
config.set("DEFAULT","serveraliveinterval","56") #改
config.write(open("confile2.conf","w"))import hashlib
obj = hashlib.md5("with salt".encode("utf-8"))
obj.update("dongfei123".encode("utf-8"))
print(obj.hexdigest()) #ace17212e78240faf0773e40d8d4f268标签：and append 元素 relative 本地 转换 debug 修改内容 mktime
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/L-dongf/p/10732517.html
