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Nginx 访问日志增长暴增出现尖刀的详细分析

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前言:

         Nginx日志里面Mobileweb_access.log增长特别大,一天上百兆,将近100W的访问记录,按照我们目前的规模,热点用户才500个左右,就算人人用手机app访问,怎么可能会有这么大的url访问量?以前只是安装使用nginx,还没有抽出时间仔细研究,这回需要彻底的去分析nginx日志了。

 

1,日志分类

主要2种,一种是错误日志,一种是访问日志,这些配置都在/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf里面,默认都是打开的,自己也可以选择关闭。

 

1.1,访问日志

访问日志主要记录每一个访问nginx的请求,格式可以自己定义,在nginx.conf文件里面,通过访问日志,你可以看到每一个请求的详细信息,对于访问日志的格式,主要是配置文件中的log_format来限制的。


1.1.1 log_format日志格式

$request_time:整个请求的总时间。

$time_iso8601:访问的时间与时区,比如18/Jul/2012:17:00:01 +0800,时间信息最后的"+0800"表示服务器所处时区位于UTC之后的8小时。

$upstream_response_time:请求过程中,upstream的响应时间。

$request_method:客户端请求的动作,通常为GETPOST

$request_uri:是浏览器发过来的值。该值是rewrite后的值。例如做了internal redirects后。

$args:这个变量等于请求行中(GET请求)的参数,例如foo=123&bar=blahblah;

$query_string:与$args相同。

$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for:变量包含客户端请求头中的"X-Forwarded-For",与$remote_addr用逗号分开,如果没有"X-Forwarded-For" 请求头,则$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for等于$remote_addr

$upstream_addrupstream的地址,即真正提供服务的主机地址。

$status:记录请求返回的http状态码,比如成功是200

$http_user_agent:客户端浏览器信息

$http_range

$sent_http_content_length:发送内容的长度

$body_bytes_sent:发送给客户端的文件主体内容的大小,比如899,可以将日志每条记录中的这个值累加起来以粗略估计服务器吞吐量。

$http_referer:记录从哪个页面链接访问过来的。

$host:请求主机头字段,否则为服务器名称。

$http_x_forwarded_for:客户端的真实ip,通常web服务器放在反向代理的后面,这样就不能获取到客户的IP地址了,通过$remote_add拿到的IP地址是反向代理服务器的iP地址。反向代理服务器在转发请求的http头信息中,可以增加x_forwarded_for信息,用以记录原有客户端的IP地址和原来客户端的请求的服务器地址。

$http_user_agent:客户端浏览器信息

$body_bytes_sent:发送给客户端的文件主体内容的大小,比如899,可以将日志每条记录中的这个值累加起来以粗略估计服务器吞吐量。

$ssl_protocolSSL协议版本,比如TLSv1

$ssl_cipher:交换数据中的算法,比如RC4-SHA


生产环境上的范例:

log_format  main  ‘$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for  $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘

                      ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘

                      ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" ‘

                      ‘upsteam: $upstream_addr‘;

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    log_not_found off;


1.1.2,访问日志路径

access_log  logs/access.log  main;

Nginx支持为每个location指定强大的日志记录。同样的连接可以在同一时间输出到不止一个的日志中。如果想关闭日志,可以如下:

access_log off;

能够使用access_log指令的字段包括:httpserverlocation

PSNginx进程设置的用户和组必须对日志路径有创建文件的权限,否则,会报错。

1.2,错误日志

错误日志主要记录客户端访问Nginx出错时的日志,格式不支持自定义。通过错误日志,你可以得到系统某个服务或server的性能瓶颈等。因此,将日志好好利用,你可以得到很多有价值的信息。错误日志由指令error_log来指定,具体格式如下:

error_log path(存放路径) level(日志等级)

        path含义同access_loglevel表示日志等级,具体如下:

        [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]

    从左至右,日志详细程度逐级递减,即debug最详细,crit最少,举例说明如下:

        error_log  logs/mobileweb_error.log error;

    需要注意的是:error_log off并不能关闭错误日志,而是会将错误日志记录到一个文件名为off的文件中。正确的关闭错误日志记录功能的方法如下:

        error_log /dev/null;

    上面表示将存储日志的路径设置为“垃圾桶”。

 

2,为每一个工程定义特定的日志

location ~* ^/mobileWeb/.*$ {

           client_max_body_size 5m;

           include deny.conf;

           proxy_pass http://mobilewebbackend;

           include proxy.conf;

           error_log  logs/mobileweb_error.log error;

           access_log  logs/mobileweb_access.log  main;

           include gzip.conf;

}

这样,就会在日志路径/usr/local/nginx/logs/下面生成mobileWeb工程的专门日志mobileweb_error.log 以及mobileweb_access.log 日志,如果想查询mobileWeb工程的访问记录,就可以单独去查看这2个日志。

 

3,开始分析

根据来源ip进行分组统计分析,看看哪个ip的访问量最多

[root@wgq_idc_web_1_21 tmp]# cat mobileweb_access.log |grep "14/Oct/2014" |awk ‘{print $1}‘|sort -nr |uniq -c |sort -nr |more

705980 1xx.xx.xx.185,

190273 6x.1x4.1xx.35,

14900 1xx.xxx.xx.xx3,

14670 1xx.xxx.x3.8x,

结果发现,这几个ip都是我们公司广场公用的wifi出口ip地址,属于安全地址,不是私人的IP地址,很大程度上排除了从外部恶意攻击我们网站的可能性。接下来就需要重点分析,为什么会有这么多的URL记录。

 

仔细排查来源为1xx.xx.xx.185的日志记录,发现有很多$http_user_agent为空的记录,大概90%的记录都是如此,看记录如下:

1xx.xx.xx.185, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [10/Oct/2014:10:52:11 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "1xx.xx.xx.185"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

 

猜测是否不是手机app访问的记录?只有自己停掉wifi,用手机的4G网络,去登录我们的移动app应用,操作完,点击了几下赞,访问了一些页面,操作时间2分钟,然后使用自己的移动4Gip地址“2xx.10x.5.129”去检索下nginx下的mobileweb的记录,4nginx记录,每一台40个左右url访问,4台就是160个记录,下面是一台的记录

[root@wgq_idc_web_1_22 logs]# more mobileweb_access.log |grep "2xx.10x.5.129"

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:01 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/queryUserNameAndIconByIds.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:37 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:42 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/query.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 9485 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:42 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/query.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 9485 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:49 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/clickSupport.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 46 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:51 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/clickSupport.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 46 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:54 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/clickSupport.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 46 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:55 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/query.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 4831 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:54:57 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/queryUserNameAndIconByIds.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:03 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:04 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/version/queryVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 160 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:06 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:06 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/loadCart.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 940 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:07 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:07 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:07 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/findAllinterfaceVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 411 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:13 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/unReadNumsMobile.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 239 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:56 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/queryUserNameAndIconByIds.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:57 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/findAllinterfaceVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 411 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:58 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/unReadNumsMobile.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 239 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:58 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/version/queryVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 160 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:55:59 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/unReadNumsMobile.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 239 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:00 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:06 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/findAllinterfaceVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 411 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:07 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/unReadNumsMobile.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 239 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:07 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:08 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/version/queryVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 160 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:08 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/unReadNumsMobile.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 239 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:08 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:16 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/queryUserNameAndIconByIds.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:19 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/findAllinterfaceVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 411 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:21 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/unReadNumsMobile.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 239 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:21 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:23 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/queryUserNameAndIconByIds.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:23 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/findAllinterfaceVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 411 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:24 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:24 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/queryAdvertisement.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 5175 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:24 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/version/queryVersion.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 160 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:25 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/unReadNumsMobile.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 239 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:56:25 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/mobile/getCartItemNum.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 114 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:14:57:37 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:15:00:37 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:15:02:07 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/userMobileCenter/messageListMobile.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 106 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:15:02:08 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:15:02:37 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:15:05:07 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:15:05:08 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/push/query.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 97 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:15:05:37 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.21:7100

2xx.10x.5.129, 10.2xx.xx1.xx0 - [16/Oct/2014:15:11:44 +0800] "POST /mobileWeb/square/queryCounts.htm? HTTP/1.1" 200 82 "-" "-" "2xx.10x.5.129"upsteam: 110.xx7.1.22:7100

[root@wgq_idc_web_1_22 logs]#

 

看到了我的访问url记录,其中$http_user_agent几乎都是为”-”空记录,奇怪,我也是用手机访问的,询问andriod开发人员,他说有些低版本的手机在记录$http_user_agent后退回去会报错返回空界面,所以后来就不记录$http_user_agent信息了。

原来如此,而且看到这么多
url全是我访问过的,移动mobileweb后台开发人员说,移动app一个页面里面有许多url需要加载,所以你访问1个页面就会加载Nlink连接去取各种数据值。分析道这里,已经差不多明了:就是一个登录用户访问页面,会加载NN>10)个link连接url,这些url都被记录在nginx访问日志里面,短短2分钟内,我访问了一些页面,就有160个左右的记录,照这么算下来,一个小时就是5000个左右的记录,一天平均25分钟分钟,500个用户个就是SELECT 5000*25/60*500=1041667,差不多100W左右了,通常来说nginx日志的量比较大是正常的。

 

           其中,半夜1点到6点左右,这个公司广场wifiip地址还会不停的访问mobileweb,经过分析是由于登录了移动app应用,但是睡觉了没有退出应用,手机也没有关系,所以导致移动app依然不停的在访问mobile应用(因为1分钟左右会刷新一次去获取访问当前登录用户的站内互动消息)。

 

      从此可以看出nginx的访问日志记录了用户的所有访问行为记录,而且详细到每一个页面里内嵌的url记录,如果用适当的工具仔细分析nginx日志,就会大概摸清楚用户的访问习惯,这些数据对于市场部门、产品部门来说,是非常有价值的。


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原博客地址: http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1305133/

原作者:黄杉 (mchdba)

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Nginx 访问日志增长暴增出现尖刀的详细分析

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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/mchdba/article/details/40313713

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