Ansible 常用模块详解(3)

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title: Ansible 常用模块详解(3)
date: 2018-12-01 15:22:11
tags:

• Ansible
  categories: Ansible
  copyright: true
  ---

Ansible是新出现的自动化运维工具,基于Python开发,集合了众多运维工具（puppet、cfengine、chef、func、fabric）的优点,实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能,ansible是基于模块工作的,本身没有批量部署的能力,真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块,ansible只是提供一种框架.

经过前面的介绍,我们已经熟悉了 Ansible 的一些常识性的东西和如何编译安装Ansible,从本章开始我们将全面介绍 Ansible 的各种生产常用模块,这些也是我们使用 Ansible 的过程中必须掌握的重点,本章将介绍和使用 Ansible 中经常使用的一些模块,大体模块分为: 文件操作类,命令执行类,系统管理类,等使我们能对 Ansible 有一个全面的了解.

命令执行模块

◆Command◆

Command模块是Ansible的默认调用模块,它可以帮助我们在远程主机上执行任意命令,但是需要注意的是,使用Command模块执行命令时,如果需要执行的命令是单一的命令那没什么,但如要需要使用含有管道符,重定向,等特殊字符,这些符号我们的Command是不能识别出来的,当你需要使用管道符的时候应该考虑shell模块来实现,如果远程节点是 windows 系统,则需要使用 win_command 模块.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

首先通过root用户执行一条ls命令,ls默认会打印出/root/家目录下的文件,这是因为ansible默认的执行路径就是自己的家目录.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m command -a "ls"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

接下来我们通过chdir选项改变一下工作目录的位置,并再次ls查询一下,你会发现目录变化了,chdir 参数在执行命令前,会先进入到指定的目录中然后执行后续的命令.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m command -a "chdir=/boot ls"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
config-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
efi
grub2
initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
symvers-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.gz
vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

接下来看一下下面的两个参数,creates参数当/root目录不存在则执行echo,而removes则是当文件存在则执行,两个可以形成鲜明的对比啊.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m command -a 'creates=/root echo "check ok"'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /root exists

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m command -a 'removes=/root echo "check ok"'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
check ok

◆Shell◆

shell 模块可以帮助我们在远程主机上执行命令,它与 command 模块不同之处是 shell 模块在远程主机中执行命令时,会运行远程主机上的 /bin/sh 程序处理,也就是说它不是直接执行命令,而是交给了bash来托管执行,这样一来我们的管道符也就被支持了,笔者还是常用shell这个模块的,因为方便.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

shell 模块中 chdir、creates、removes参数的作用与 command 模块中的作用都是相同的,这里为了节约篇幅只举一个小例子,改变一下它的默认路径.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "chdir=/boot ls"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
config-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
efi
grub2
initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
symvers-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.gz
vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

紧接着我们看一下executable这个参数来指定一个默认shell,由于这里没有其他shell我们就用bash来演示一下吧.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "executable=/bin/bash uname -r"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "executable=/bin/bash uname -r" -o

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout) 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

◆Script◆

script 模块可以帮助我们在远程主机上执行我们编写的管理主机的脚本,也就是说,脚本一直存在于你的管理主机本地,无需手动拷贝到远程主机,你当然也可以使用copy模块将你的脚本拷贝到远程主机,然后执行/bin/bash调用脚本执行,但是这样就太麻烦了,幸好Ansible为我们提供了script管理模块.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

我们来编写一个打印系统日期的脚本,然后在使用script模块执行,看一下远程主机的执行情况,这里需要注意的是/root/data.sh是本地路径下脚本的保存位置.

[root@localhost ~]# cat data.sh 
#!/bin/bash

date

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m script -a "/root/data.sh"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.10.20 closed.\r\n", 
    "stdout": "Tue Dec  4 14:11:34 EST 2018\r\n", 
    "stdout_lines": [
        "Tue Dec  4 14:11:34 EST 2018"
    ]
}

接下来,我们通过使用creates关键字,先判断/etc/passwd是否存在,如果存在则不执行data.sh这个脚本,否则执行.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m script -a "creates=/etc/passwd /root/data.sh"
192.168.10.20 | SKIPPED

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m script -a "removes=/etc/passwd /root/data.sh"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.10.20 closed.\r\n", 
    "stdout": "Tue Dec  4 14:15:13 EST 2018\r\n", 
    "stdout_lines": [
        "Tue Dec  4 14:15:13 EST 2018"
    ]
}

文件管理模块

◆File◆

file 模块可以帮助我们完成一些对文件的基本操作,比如,创建文件或目录、删除文件或目录、修改文件权限、修以及软硬链接的创建,文件操作File在实际环境中应用还是很广泛的.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.通过命令给远程主机创建一个名为lyshark.log文件,如果/tmp/lyshark.log文件已存在则更新时间戳,否则创建这个文件.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/lyshark.log state=touch"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/lyshark.log", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 0, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

2.在远程主机创建一个名为lyshark的目录,如果/tmp/lyshark这个目录存在,则不进行任何操作.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/lyshark state=directory"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/lyshark", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}

3.在远程主机给/bin/bash命令,创建一个名为lyshark.link的软链接,文件存在则不进行任何操作.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "src=/bin/bash path=/tmp/lyshark.link state=link"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/lyshark.link", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 9, 
    "src": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "link", 
    "uid": 0
}

3.在远程主机给/bin/bash命令,创建一个名为lyshark.hard的硬链接,文件存在则不进行任何操作.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "src=/bin/bash path=/tmp/lyshark.hard state=hard"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/lyshark.hard", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:shell_exec_t:s0", 
    "size": 964544, 
    "src": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "hard", 
    "uid": 0
}

4.在远程主机给/bin/bash命令,创建一个名为lyshark.hard的硬链接,若文件存在则强制覆盖一遍.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "src=/bin/bash path=/tmp/lyshark.hard state=hard force=yes"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "dest": "/tmp/lyshark.hard", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:shell_exec_t:s0", 
    "size": 964544, 
    "src": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "hard", 
    "uid": 0
}

5.通过state=absent关键字,删除远程机器上的指定文件或目录,这里我们删除上面的/tmp/lyshark.hard这个硬链接.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/lyshark.hard state=absent"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "path": "/tmp/lyshark.hard", 
    "state": "absent"
}

6.在创建文件或目录的时候指定属主与属组,或直接修改远程主机上的文件或目录的属主与属组.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "rm -fr /tmp/*" -o      #清空演示目录
192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout) 

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "useradd admin"         #创建一个用户与组
192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/lyshark state=directory owner=root group=admin"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {                                        #创建/tmp/lyshark目录
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 1001, 
    "group": "admin",                                               #指定属组为admin
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root",                                                #指定属主为root
    "path": "/tmp/lyshark", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/lyshark mode=777"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 1001, 
    "group": "admin", 
    "mode": "0777",                                                  #修改目录权限为777
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/lyshark", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}

7.当操作远程主机中的目录时,同时递归的将/tmp/lyshark目录中的文件的属主属组都设置为admin.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/lyshark state=directory owner=admin group=admin mode=777 recurse=yes"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 1001, 
    "group": "admin", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "admin", 
    "path": "/tmp/lyshark", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 1001
}

◆Copy◆

文件的复制也是最常用的功能之一,在Ansible中我们可以使用copy模块本模块的作用就是拷贝文件它与fetch模块类似,不过fetch模块是从远程主机中拉取文件到 ansible 管理主机,而 copy 模块是将 ansible 管理主机上的文件拷贝到远程主机中,文件的变化是通过MD5值来判断的.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.将 ansible 管理主机中 /etc/passwd 文件复制到远程主机的 /tmp 目录下.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "368beabb02de303b193dbdc9c10daf8b6a3a8220", 
    "dest": "/tmp/passwd", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "c4bb3905d05e0e1ebe4582afbd993c62", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 898, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1543954320.59-199213984528293/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

#注:如果执行失败,请在被控机上安装 yum install libselinux-python -y

2.通过使用content指定文本数据,覆盖写入远程/tmp/passwd文件里,注意这里只能是目录.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m copy -a 'content="www.mkdirs.com\nby:LyShark\n" dest=/tmp/passwd'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "de467565daf9f6c33a94b646df0e8c30776a565b", 
    "dest": "/tmp/passwd", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "919b8b7a326ade5b2b12aba512234488", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 26, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1543954542.01-120613474339806/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@localhost tmp]# cat passwd      ←远程主机文件内容已被更改.
www.mkdirs.com
by:LyShark

3.将ansible主机上的/etc/shadow文件拷贝到远程主机的/tmp/目录下,并指定文件的属组等信息,需要注意,远程主机上必须存在对应的组.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m copy -a 'src=/etc/shadow dest=/tmp/shadow owner=admin group=admin mode=777'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "a343f7209f0243ff02c9ec9c7ede5d8470858de4", 
    "dest": "/tmp/shadow", 
    "gid": 1001, 
    "group": "admin", 
    "md5sum": "0ebfc482fbc77f326f46a97936b69a10", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "admin", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 714, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1543954764.54-185568488946158/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 1001
}

4.将远程主机/bin/bash文件通过feth模块,拉取到本地/root目录下.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m fetch -a "src=/bin/bash dest=/root"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "d4bd3ab2983b6cc0ecfe4391365924841f254b1d", 
    "dest": "/root/192.168.10.20/bin/bash", 
    "md5sum": "9127a3b202f7ad0cf4558d93ebb655ae", 
    "remote_checksum": "d4bd3ab2983b6cc0ecfe4391365924841f254b1d", 
    "remote_md5sum": null
}

◆Find◆

find命令用来在指定目录下查找文件,任何位于参数之前的字符串都将被视为欲查找的目录名,如果使用该命令时,不设置任何参数,则find命令将在当前目录下查找子目录与文件,并且将查找到的子目录和文件全部进行显示,下面的find 模块也可以帮助我们在被管理主机中查找符合条件的文件,就像 find 命令一样.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.查询远程主机中/etc目录下,包含 passwd 字符串的文件,隐藏文件会被忽略,不会进行递归查找.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m find -a 'paths=/etc contains="*passwd*"'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "examined": 180, 
    "files": [], 
    "matched": 0, 
    "msg": ""
}

2.查询远程主机中/etc目录以及子目录中,查找文件内容中包含 passwd 字符串的文件,隐藏文件会被忽略.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m find -a 'paths=/etc contains="*passwd*" recurse=yes'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "examined": 2414, 
    "files": [], 
    "matched": 0, 
    "msg": ""
}

3.查询远程主机中/etc目录下以 .sh 结尾的文件,包括隐藏文件,但是不包括目录或其他文件类型,不会进行递归查找.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m find -a 'paths=/etc patterns="*.sh" file_type=any hidden=yes'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "examined": 180, 
    "files": [], 
    "matched": 0, 
    "msg": ""
}

4.查询远程主机中/etc目录下以 .sh 结尾的文件,包括隐藏文件,包括所有文件类型,比如文件、目录、或者软链接,但是不会进行递归查找.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m find -a 'paths=/etc patterns="*.sh" file_type=any hidden=yes'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "examined": 180, 
    "files": [], 
    "matched": 0, 
    "msg": ""
}

5.查询远程主机中/etc目录中以及其子目录中查找 mtime 在1天以内的文件,不包含隐藏文件,不包含目录或软链接文件等文件类型.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m find -a 'paths=/etc age=-1d recurse=yes'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "examined": 2414, 
    "files": [
        {
            "atime": 1544004010.3749297, 
            "ctime": 1544004009.4279296, 
            "dev": 64768, 
        }
    ]

6.查询远程主机中/etc目录中以及其子目录中查找大于 1m 的文件,不包含隐藏文件,不包含目录或软链接文件等文件类型.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m find -a 'paths=/etc size=1m recurse=yes'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "examined": 2414, 
    "files": [
        {
            "atime": 1543948732.8400002, 
            "ctime": 1539448763.0409997, 
            "dev": 64768, 
        }
    ]

7.查询远程主机中/etc目录中以及其子目录中查找以 .sh 结尾的文件,并且返回符合条件文件的 sha1 校验码,包括隐藏文件.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m find -a 'paths=/etc patterns=*.sh get_checksum=yes hidden=yes recurse=yes'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "examined": 2414, 
    "files": [
        {
            "atime": 1543948795.1880422, 
            "checksum": "1e39e9c628803da5b6f5a5d9e77fbe3cfefc996a", 
            "ctime": 1539448365.4729974, 
            "dev": 64768, 
            "gid": 0, 
        }
    ]

◆Unarchive◆

unarchive模块的功能是,解压缩,这个模块有两种用法

1.将ansible主机上的压缩包在本地解压缩后传到远程主机上,这种情况下copy=yes
2.将远程主机上的某个压缩包解压缩到指定路径下,这种情况下,需要设置copy=no

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

将ansible控制主机上的/root/lyshark.tar.gz解压缩到远程主机的/tmp/目录下,并设置权限777.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m unarchive -a "src=/root/lyshark.tar.gz dest=/tmp/ mode=777"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/", 
    "extract_results": {
        "cmd": [
            "/usr/bin/gtar", 
            "--extract", 
            "-C", 
            "/tmp/", 
            "-z", 
            "-f", 
            "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1544005363.57-45479136087498/source"
        ]

文本修改模块

◆Replace◆

replace 模块可以根据我们指定的正则表达式替换文件中的字符串,文件中所有被匹配到的字符串都会被替换,也就是说它是一种全局替换的工具.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.首先我们创建一个文本文件并传输到远程主机上去.

[root@localhost ~]# vim lyshark.log
[root@localhost ~]# cat lyshark.log 
lyshark
www.mkdirs.com
www.wangrui.com

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m copy -a "src=./lyshark.log dest=/tmp/"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "8115005c643689fcde3cd1d317a27f75a5748f6f", 
    "dest": "/tmp/lyshark.log", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "0e6401405e9ff1f17b02b483cb8e303c", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 39, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1544005922.28-230333570888422/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

2.接着我们将远程文件的www字段全部替换成wangrui,并且在替换前做备份操作.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m replace -a 'path=/tmp/lyshark.log regexp="www" replace="wangrui" backup=yes'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "2 replacements made"
}

◆Lineinfile◆

lineinfile模块相当的重要,在自动化运维中起到了至关重要的目的,他可以通过正则表达式替换指定文本,例如开启一些配置选项等,还可以新加一行文本,或者是删除指定的行,本命令一定认证的掌握下来.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.通过正则匹配查找/etc/selinux/config文本中开头是SELINUX=的行,并替换成SELINUX=disabled.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/selinux/config regexp="^SELINUX=" line="SELINUX=disabled"'
192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup": "", 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "line replaced"
}

2.通过正则匹配查找/etc/selinux/config文本,并在文本末尾插入一行www.mkdirs.com

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/selinux/config regexp="EOF" line="www.mkdirs.com"'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup": "", 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "line added"
}

3.通过正则匹配查找/etc/selinux/config文本,并在文本行首插入一行www.mkdirs.com.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/selinux/config regexp="BOF" line="www.mkdirs.com"'


192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup": "", 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "line added"
}

4.通过正则匹配查找/etc/selinux/config文本,删除所有的www.mkdirs.com字段.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/selinux/config regexp="^www.mkdirs.com" state=absent'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup": "", 
    "changed": true, 
    "found": 1, 
    "msg": "1 line(s) removed"
}

5.通过正则匹配查找/etc/selinux/config文本中在开头是SELINUX=disabled行的行后插入一段话www.mkdirs.com.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/selinux/config insertafter="^SELINUX=" line="www.mkdirs.com"'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup": "", 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "line added"
}

6.通过正则匹配查找/etc/selinux/config文本中在开头是SELINUX=disabled行的行前插入一段话www.mkdirs.com.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/selinux/config insertbefore="^SELINUX=" line="www.mkdirs.com"'

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup": "", 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "line added"
}

系统管理模块

◆Setup◆

setup 模块用于收集远程主机的一些基本信息,其可以收集几乎主机上的任何数据,方便我们后期的分析工作.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.通过setup命令获取远程主机的主机信息.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m setup
192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "192.168.10.20"
        ], 
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
            "fe80::897c:d72d:cd95:b9ec"
        ], 
        "ansible_apparmor": {
            "status": "disabled"
        },
    ].......

2.获取远程主机的 IPV4 地址,或者是IPV6地址.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_all_ipv4_addresses"
192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "192.168.10.20"
        ]
    }, 
    "changed": false
}

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_all_ipv6_addresses"
192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
            "fe80::897c:d72d:cd95:b9ec"
        ]
    }, 
    "changed": false
}

3.获取远程主机的内存信息列表.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_memory_mb"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_memory_mb": {
            "nocache": {
                "free": 41, 
                "used": 177
            }, 
            "real": {
                "free": 5, 
                "total": 218, 
                "used": 213
            }, 
            "swap": {
                "cached": 0, 
                "free": 2027, 
                "total": 2047, 
                "used": 20
            }
        }
    }, 
    "changed": false
}

4.通过通配符实现模糊匹配，比如以"mb"关键字结尾的信息.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=*mb"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_memfree_mb": 4, 
        "ansible_memory_mb": {
            "nocache": {
                "free": 41, 
                "used": 177
            }, 
            "real": {
                "free": 4, 
                "total": 218, 
                "used": 214
            }, 
            "swap": {
                "cached": 0, 
                "free": 2027, 
                "total": 2047, 
                "used": 20
            }
        }, 
        "ansible_memtotal_mb": 218, 
        "ansible_swapfree_mb": 2027, 
        "ansible_swaptotal_mb": 2047
    }, 
    "changed": false
}

5.查询系统eth0接口相关信息列表.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_ens32"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_ens32": {
            "active": true, 
            "device": "ens32", 
            "features": {
                "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", 
                "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
            }, 
            "hw_timestamp_filters": [], 
            "ipv4": {
                "address": "192.168.10.20", 
                "broadcast": "192.168.10.255", 
                "netmask": "255.255.255.0", 
                "network": "192.168.10.0"
            }, 
            "ipv6": [
                {
                    "address": "fe80::897c:d72d:cd95:b9ec", 
                    "prefix": "64", 
                    "scope": "link"
                }
            ], 
            "macaddress": "00:50:56:35:f2:62", 
            "speed": 1000, 
            "timestamping": [
                "software"
            ], 
            "type": "ether"
        }
    }, 
    "changed": false
}

◆Yum◆

yum 模块可以帮助我们在远程主机上通过yum源管理软件包,软件的安装也是至关重要的,这里我们介绍Yum模块,主要用户批量部署常用组件.yum 模块可以提供的status状态：latest,present,installed:这3个分别代表安装,后面2个是卸载.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.安装软件：通过Yum模块批量的安装httpd服务到指定主机上.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m yum -a "name=httpd state=installed" -o

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {"changed": true, .....}
192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS => {"changed": true, .....}

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "rpm -qa httpd" -o

192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout) httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.x86_64
192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout) httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.x86_64

2.卸载软件：通过Yum模块批量的卸载httpd服务主机.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m yum -a "name=httpd state=removed" -o

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {"changed": true, .....}
192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS => {"changed": true, .....}

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "rpm -qa httpd" -o

192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout)
192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout)

◆Cron◆

cron 模块可以帮助我们管理远程主机中的计划任务,功能相当于 crontab 命令.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.创建计划任务,任务名称为mkdirs test 任务于每天1点5分,执行输出一段话echo hello lyshark.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m cron -a "name='mkdirs test' minute=5 hour=1 job='echo hello lyshark'"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "mkdirs test"
    ]
}

2.创建计划任务任务名称为mkdirs test1 任务每3天执行一次,于执行当天的1点1分开始执行,任务内容为输出wangrui字符.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m cron -a "name='mkdirs test1' minute=1 hour=1 day=*/3 job='echo wangrui'"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "mkdirs test", 
        "mkdirs test1"
    ]
}

3.删除计划任务mkdirs test1,删除前做好备份.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m cron -a "name='mkdirs test1' state=absent backup=yes"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup_file": "/tmp/crontabqzSJZn", 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "mkdirs test"
    ]
}

4.查询远程主机上的任务列表.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "crontab -l" -o

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout) #Ansible: mkdirs test\n5 1 * * * echo hello lyshark

5.其他配置过程.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m cron -a "name='test cron' job='/bin/bash /tmp/lyshark.sh' weekday=6"
[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m cron -a "name='test admin' job='/bin/bash /tmp/lyshark.sh' weekday=6 minute=30 hour='*/8'"
[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m cron -a "name='test cron' job='/bin/bash /tmp/lyshark.sh' minute=30 hour='*/8' day='1,10,20' weekday=6"

◆Service◆

service 模块可以帮助我们管理远程主机上的服务,它完全可以替代Linux系统下的,相关操作比如启动服务,设置开机自启动.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.设置服务开机自启动,设置httpd服务开机自启动.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m service -a "name=httpd runlevel=3 state=started enabled=yes"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {"changed": true, .....}
192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS => {"changed": true, .....}

2.关闭服务开机自启动,关闭httpd服务开机自启动.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m service -a "name=httpd runlevel=3 state=stopped enabled=no"

192.168.10.20 | SUCCESS => {"changed": true, .....}
192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS => {"changed": true, .....}

其他控制模块

◆Get_url◆

get_url模块用于下载指定文件到本地,在生产环境中也是最常用的东西啦.

下面来看它的几个常用参数：

1.下载一个指定文件到远程主机,我这里没有网络,这里只做演示吧.

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m get_url -a "url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo dest=/root"

192.168.10.20 | FAILED! => {
    "changed": false, 
    "dest": "/root", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0550", 
    "msg": "Request failed: <urlopen error [Errno -2] Name or service not known>", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 156, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0, 
    "url": "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo"
}

Ansible 常用模块详解(3)

标签：挂载   保存   present   改变   not   cached   name   class   硬链接   

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/LyShark/p/10886457.html