标签：live some 形式 blank oss eric near 十年 friend
考点：名称的数 △△△
(一)、可数名词的数：
1.可数名词的规则变化
1).一般直接在名词后 + s
tree – trees girl – girls
2).特殊结尾的单词，以s, sh, ch, x 结尾 + es
inch – inches dish – dishes box – boxes
3).以y结尾的 辅音 + y y变i + es
baby – babies country - countries
元音 + y 直接 + s
toy - toys boy – boys
2.可数名词的不规则变化
1).以o结尾的词，多数在词尾 +s
常考6个 +es： Negro 黑人 hero英雄 tomato 西红柿
potato 土豆 volcano 火山 echo 回声
2).以f、fe结尾的，需要去f，fe变v +es
记忆： thief 贼 loaf 面包棒 wife 妻子
leaf 树叶 knife 刀 shelf 架子
wolf 狼 life 生命 half 一半
中间元音变化
第一类人： man – men woman – women
第二类部位：foot – feet tooth – teeth
第三类动物：goose – gesse
整体变化 – 单复数同形
sheep – sheep 绵羊 deer – deer 鹿
成对出现的名词用复数形式
trousers 裤子 glasses 眼镜 scissor 剪刀
特殊形式
child – children ox – oxen criterion – criteria
mouse – mice phenomenon – phenomena advice (不可数)
(二)、不可数名词的数
1.抽象名词的复数表示其他意义
time 时间 – times 时代 work 工作 – works 著作工厂
spirit 精神 – spirics 情绪，烈酒
2.不可数名词的具体“量化”问题
a piece of advice 一条建议
a bottle of water 一瓶水
some pieces of advice 很多条建议
three bottles of water 三瓶水
提示：
比如：桌子上有苹果
There is an apple on the desk.
There are apples on the desk.
There is apple on the desk. ×
解决方案：
① 单数变复数
② 在单数名词前加冠词 a/ an/ the
2．含有连词符
num(数词)-n-adj 结构名词永远单数
three-meter-long = three meters long 三米长
考点：名称的所有格 △△△
什么叫所有格？--汉语“的”
‘s属格主要用于有生命的事物
of属格主要用于无生命的事物
eg: the teacher’s book 老师的书
passers-by’s words 路人的话
the workshops of the plant 工厂的车间
注意：’s属格用于生命的事物的特殊情况
at the tailor’s 在裁缝铺
at the barber’s 在理发店
距离、时间、价格
a mile’s distance 一英里的距离
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
three year’s time 三年的时间
of所有格用在有生命的物体上
the + adj表示一类人的时候，才可以使用
eg: the need of the poor 穷人们的需要
双重属格 of短语 + 所有格
eg: a friend of Jone’s 琼的一位朋友
= one of Jone’s friends
考点：代词△△△
1).it指代事物或者人（常代指时间、天气、距离等）
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clean and bright.
2).it充当形式主语
It is our belief that the improvement inhealth care will lead to stronger, more prosperous economy.
3).it充当形式宾语
As the busiest woman in Norton,she made it her duty to look after other people’s affairs in that town.
4).it用于强调句型 It is/was …that
It is what you do rather than what you say matters.
1).通常 that/those 指代上文提及的事物
this/these 指代下文提及的事物
eg: He was nearly drowned once.
When was that?
2).为了避免重复前面的名称，可以用that或者those来代替并且that或者those后面必须有后置定语。
eg: The population in Shanghai is larger than that in Guangzhou.
One只能指代可数名词，泛指one的复数形式是ones。
eg: May I help you with some shoes sir?
Yes,I’d like to try on those blank ones.
no， no one, nothing, none
no 没有 no one 只指人，不能接of
nothing 指物 none 即指人又指物，后面可以接of
eg：They were all very tired,but none of them would stop to take a rest.
both, either, neither 常用结构：
both 两者都 both … and … (谓语动词复数)
either 两者中任何一个 either … or … (谓语动词就近)
neither 两者都不 neither … or … (谓语动词就近)
eg: Both you and I were wrong.
Neither of then knew what to do.
There is coffee or tea you can have either.
可数复数 不可数
few 很少，几乎没有 litte 很少，几乎没有
a few 有几个，一些 a litte 有几个，一些
考点：动词辨析及词组△△△△△
award reward
1.award 授予奖品
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.
2.reward 回报/报答 re --再，回
in reward for … “作为对…的回报”
reward sb for … “因…而报答某人”
out 短语
pick out 挑选
leave out 省略，删去
take out 拿出，取出；拔（牙），把…带出去，邀请（某人）外出
figure out 计算，估计；弄清楚，理解
find out 找出，查明
look out 注意，当心
speak out 大胆地说；大声地说
run out 完成，耗尽，结束
sell out 卖光
break 短语
1.break down 出故障，抛锚
His car broke down on the highway.
Peace talks have broken down in the Middle Ease.
2.break up 解散，结束，分手
The police broke up the crowd.
Their marriage is breaking up.
3.break in 破门而入，打断
Last night a thief broke in and stole away his camera.
4.break through 出现，突破，克服
It was a cloudy day, but the sun at last broke through.
Break through difficulties.
1.attribute to 把…归咎于 把…归功于 (原因)
He attributed his good health to exertise.
2.contribute to (褒)促成，有助于 (贬)造成，导致 （结果）
put up with 忍受，容忍
come up with 提供，提出
keep up with 跟上，不落在…后面；保持联系，和…来往
She still kept up with her classmates after graduation.
keep in touch with
go on doing sth = go on with sth 继续做某事
put off 推迟
put out 扑灭
put up 举起，抬起，张贴，留宿
put away 收起来，放好
put aside 撇开，放置一边，储存
put across 讲清楚，表达传达
turn down 关小，调低，拒绝
turn up 调高
turn on 打开电器
turn off 关掉电器
turn out 结果是…结果证明
turn over 翻过来，翻到
turn in 上交，交还
hand out 散发，分发
hand it 提交，呈送
hand down 把…传下去，世代相传
hand over 移交，转送
set aside 放在一边，搁置，存蓄，留下
set up 建立，成交
set in (不好的事情)产生，开始，到来，流行
be set in 以…背景
考点：纯粹的形容词词序的问题（的）
美小圆旧黄，法国木书房
美丑好坏 身高大小 年龄新旧 颜色 国籍 材料 用途
考点：纯粹的副词词序的问题（地）
方式 > 地点 > 时间
The student did well(方式) here(地点) yesterday(时间).
She sang beantifully(方式) in the hall(地点) last night(时间).
考点：混合词序的问题△△△
very good deeply moved
但 enough 特殊
The boy is old enough to look after himself.
Enough表示“足够”时，修饰adj/adv.只能后置
但后置定语特殊
第一种：以 a 开头的 adj
alone asleep alike alive
The happiest man alive.
第二种：some- any- every- no- 等和body, one, thing等组成的复合不定代词。
Something hot to drink.
第三种: 表示长，宽，高深及年龄的形容词
89 years old. 200 meters long.
考点：原级比较△△△
1.结构：as + adj./adv. 原级 + as 和…一样…
Song is as hadsome as G.
结构：…not as…as…
…not so…as…
Song is not as hadsome as G.
当 as…as… 中有名词时
“…as + adj. + a + 单数名词 + as …”
“…as + many/much + 名词复数/不可数名词 + as…”
S is as handsome an actor as G.
S has as may fans as G.
考点：形容词，副词的比较级△△△
规则变化+er； 规则变化+est；
不规则：far – farther – farthest 远
- further – furthest 抽象
old – older – oldest 表年龄大小
- elder – eldest 表长幼关系
考点：多音节的形容词，副词的比较级△△△
比较级 more + beautiful
最高级 the most + beautiful
常考词：boring 无聊的 slowly 慢的
Horrible 可怕的 excited 兴奋的
Delicious 美味的 interesting 有趣的
Important 重要的 dangerous 危险的
Famous 著名的 beautiful 漂亮的
考点：介词△△△
I put off doing my homework.
考点：连词△△△
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成
You help him and he helps you.
The boy is my brother.
The boy (who is wearing a hat) is my brother.
复合句 = 连词 + 从句
考点：冠词 a/an/the 的用法
I bought a book yesterday and the book is ten yuan.
Do you know the older of the two boys?
考点：数词
the first
two hundred 200百 hundreds of 成百的
1/3 one third 2/3 two thirds
4．历史上的几十年代和某人几十岁时
in 1930s 20世纪30年代 in one’s forties 40多岁
“mun(数词) - n - adj”结构内的名词永远单数
标签：live some 形式 blank oss eric near 十年 friend
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ic710/p/11306446.html
