django高级之缓存与信号

    # 此为开始调试用，实际内部不做任何操作
    # 配置：
        CACHES = {
            ‘default‘: {
                ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.dummy.DummyCache‘,     # 引擎
                ‘TIMEOUT‘: 300,                                               # 缓存超时时间（默认300，None表示永不过期，0表示立即过期）
                ‘OPTIONS‘:{
                    ‘MAX_ENTRIES‘: 300,                                       # 最大缓存个数（默认300）
                    ‘CULL_FREQUENCY‘: 3,                                      # 缓存到达最大个数之后，剔除缓存个数的比例，即：1/CULL_FREQUENCY（默认3）
                },
                ‘KEY_PREFIX‘: ‘‘,                                             # 缓存key的前缀（默认空）
                ‘VERSION‘: 1,                                                 # 缓存key的版本（默认1）
                ‘KEY_FUNCTION‘ 函数名                                          # 生成key的函数（默认函数会生成为：【前缀:版本:key】）
            }
        }


    # 自定义key
    def default_key_func(key, key_prefix, version):
        """
        Default function to generate keys.

        Constructs the key used by all other methods. By default it prepends
        the `key_prefix‘. KEY_FUNCTION can be used to specify an alternate
        function with custom key making behavior.
        """
        return ‘%s:%s:%s‘ % (key_prefix, version, key)

    def get_key_func(key_func):
        """
        Function to decide which key function to use.

        Defaults to ``default_key_func``.
        """
        if key_func is not None:
            if callable(key_func):
                return key_func
            else:
                return import_string(key_func)
        return default_key_func

    # 此缓存将内容保存至内存的变量中
    # 配置：
        CACHES = {
            ‘default‘: {
                ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache‘,
                ‘LOCATION‘: ‘unique-snowflake‘,
            }
        }

    # 注：其他配置同开发调试版本

    # 此缓存将内容保存至文件
    # 配置：

        CACHES = {
            ‘default‘: {
                ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.filebased.FileBasedCache‘,
                ‘LOCATION‘: ‘/var/tmp/django_cache‘,
            }
        }
    # 注：其他配置同开发调试版本

    # 此缓存将内容保存至数据库

    # 配置：
        CACHES = {
            ‘default‘: {
                ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache‘,
                ‘LOCATION‘: ‘my_cache_table‘, # 数据库表
            }
        }

    # 注：执行创建表命令 python manage.py createcachetable

# 此缓存使用python-memcached模块连接memcache

    CACHES = {
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache‘,
            ‘LOCATION‘: ‘127.0.0.1:11211‘,
        }
    }

    CACHES = {
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache‘,
            ‘LOCATION‘: ‘unix:/tmp/memcached.sock‘,
        }
    }   

    CACHES = {
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache‘,
            ‘LOCATION‘: [
                ‘172.19.26.240:11211‘,
                ‘172.19.26.242:11211‘,
            ]
        }
    }

    # 此缓存使用pylibmc模块连接memcache
    
    CACHES = {
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyLibMCCache‘,
            ‘LOCATION‘: ‘127.0.0.1:11211‘,
        }
    }

    CACHES = {
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyLibMCCache‘,
            ‘LOCATION‘: ‘/tmp/memcached.sock‘,
        }
    }   

    CACHES = {
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyLibMCCache‘,
            ‘LOCATION‘: [
                ‘172.19.26.240:11211‘,
                ‘172.19.26.242:11211‘,
            ]
        }
    }

   使用中间件，经过一系列的认证等操作，如果内容在缓存中存在，则使用FetchFromCacheMiddleware获取内容并返回给用户，当返回给用户之前，判断缓存中是否已经存在，如果不存在则UpdateCacheMiddleware会将缓存保存至缓存，从而实现全站缓存

    MIDDLEWARE = [
        ‘django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware‘,
        # 其他中间件...
        ‘django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware‘,
    ]

    CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIAS = ""
    CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS = ""
    CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX = ""

    方式一：
        from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page

        @cache_page(60 * 15)
        def my_view(request):
            ...

    方式二：
        from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page

        urlpatterns = [
            url(r‘^foo/([0-9]{1,2})/$‘, cache_page(60 * 15)(my_view)),
        ]

    a. 引入TemplateTag

        {% load cache %}

    b. 使用缓存

        {% cache 5000 缓存key %}
            缓存内容
        {% endcache %}

    from django.core.signals import request_finished
    from django.core.signals import request_started
    from django.core.signals import got_request_exception

    from django.db.models.signals import class_prepared
    from django.db.models.signals import pre_init, post_init
    from django.db.models.signals import pre_save, post_save
    from django.db.models.signals import pre_delete, post_delete
    from django.db.models.signals import m2m_changed
    from django.db.models.signals import pre_migrate, post_migrate

    from django.test.signals import setting_changed
    from django.test.signals import template_rendered

    from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created


    def callback(sender, **kwargs):
        print("xxoo_callback")
        print(sender,kwargs)

    xxoo.connect(callback)
    # xxoo指上述导入的内容

def my_callback(sender, **kwargs):
    print("Request finished!")

# 方法一：
from django.core.signals import request_finished

request_finished.connect(my_callback)

# 方法二：
from django.core.signals import request_finished
from django.dispatch import receiver

@receiver(request_finished)
def my_callback(sender, **kwargs):
    print("Request finished!")

from django.db.models.signals import pre_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
from myapp.models import MyModel


@receiver(pre_save, sender=MyModel)
def my_handler(sender, **kwargs):
    ...