标签：val pts last war grub dns ons set 属性
在rhel7上，同时支持network.service和NetworkManager.service（简称NM）。默认情况下，这2个服务都有开启，但许多人都会将NM禁用掉。而在rhel8上，已废弃network.service，因此只能通过NM进行网络配置，包括动态ip和静态ip。换言之，在rhel8上，必须开启NM，否则无法使用网络。至于什么是NM？这里就不详述，对于NM的常用命令附如下：
# 查看ip（类似于ifconfig、ip addr）
nmcli
# 创建connection，配置静态ip（等同于配置ifcfg，其中BOOTPROTO=none，并ifup启动）
nmcli c add type ethernet con-name ethX ifname ethX ipv4.addr 192.168.1.100/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1 ipv4.method manual
# 创建connection，配置动态ip（等同于配置ifcfg，其中BOOTPROTO=dhcp，并ifup启动）
nmcli c add type ethernet con-name ethX ifname ethX ipv4.method auto
# 修改ip（非交互式）
nmcli c modify ethX ipv4.addr ‘192.168.1.200/24‘
nmcli c up ethX
# 修改ip（交互式）
nmcli c edit ethX
nmcli> goto ipv4.addresses
nmcli ipv4.addresses> change
Edit ‘addresses‘ value: 192.168.1.200/24
Do you also want to set ‘ipv4.method‘ to ‘manual‘? [yes]: yes
nmcli ipv4> save
nmcli ipv4> activate
nmcli ipv4> quit
# 启用connection（相当于ifup）
nmcli c up ethX
# 停止connection（相当于ifdown）
nmcli c down
# 删除connection（类似于ifdown并删除ifcfg）
nmcli c delete ethX
# 查看connection列表
nmcli c show
# 查看connection详细信息
nmcli c show ethX
# 重载所有ifcfg或route到connection（不会立即生效）
nmcli c reload
# 重载指定ifcfg或route到connection（不会立即生效）
nmcli c load /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethX
nmcli c load /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ethX
# 立即生效connection，有3种方法
nmcli c up ethX
nmcli d reapply ethX
nmcli d connect ethX
# 查看device列表
nmcli d
# 查看所有device详细信息
nmcli d show
# 查看指定device的详细信息
nmcli d show ethX
# 激活网卡
nmcli d connect ethX
# 关闭无线网络（NM默认启用无线网络）
nmcli r all off
# 查看NM纳管状态
nmcli n
# 开启NM纳管
nmcli n on
# 关闭NM纳管（谨慎执行）
nmcli n off
# 监听事件
nmcli m
# 查看NM本身状态
nmcli
# 检测NM是否在线可用
nm-online
1、由于这里硬件资源有限，仅以VM的方式进行演示。首先，你要拥有一台已经安装好的CentOS8虚拟机系统，同时，在安装的过程中设置了网络连接状态开启。登录系统后，切换root用户，因为普通用户在网络连接设置或者配置文件vi修改方面，权限存在弱容忍现象。这时候切换到“/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts”路径下：
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
2、我们先看一下，刚开始时候系统动态获取的IP地址：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::5f41:9d04:e548:874a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:c4:36:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 30433 bytes 2139129 (2.0 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 41776 bytes 33082603 (31.5 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 331 bytes 36750 (35.8 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 331 bytes 36750 (35.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 52:54:00:a5:84:87 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
** 3、这里还要进行多余的一步，就是进行ifcfg-ens33文件的备份，便于日后的恢复操作：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33.bak
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 280 9月 29 19:21 ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33.bak
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 280 9月 29 19:21 ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 280 9月 29 19:27 ifcfg-ens33.bak
4、使用vi编辑 ifcfg-ens33 文件，将 “ BOOTPROTO=dhcp ”修改为“ BOOTPROTO=static ” ，其它先不必修改，保存并退出。下面是我修改后的样子：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# more ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=0b897d67-bab3-4354-99cb-0cb3678a7036
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
5、 利用附加输出重定向原理，对ifcfg-ens33文件追加如下内容：（也可以在上一步中，直接追加！ 这里为了再练习一下今天学习的内容！）
输入命令：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat >>ifcfg-ens33
输入如下追加内容，并按“ Ctrl + D ”，结束并完成内容的输入：
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=223.5.5.5
PREFIX=24
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat >>ifcfg-ens33
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=223.5.5.5
PREFIX=24
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=0b897d67-bab3-4354-99cb-0cb3678a7036
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=223.5.5.5
PREFIX=24
6、对修改的内容进行NM加载，如下：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli c reload [root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::5f41:9d04:e548:874a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:c4:36:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 31416 bytes 2236251 (2.1 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 42243 bytes 33136317 (31.6 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 331 bytes 36750 (35.8 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 331 bytes 36750 (35.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 52:54:00:a5:84:87 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli c down ens33 [root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli c up ens33 [root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::5f41:9d04:e548:874a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:c4:36:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 32245 bytes 2427805 (2.3 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 42474 bytes 33182687 (31.6 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 359 bytes 39566 (38.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 359 bytes 39566 (38.6 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 52:54:00:a5:84:87 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
注意：在进行完nmcli c down ens33 和nmcli c up ens33 ，即网卡重启操作，需要等待两分钟，如果期间使用Windows的cmd进行登录会出现“Connection reset by 192.168.1.100 port 22”现象。出现这种现象不必慌张，继续等待一分钟即可。具体如下：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli c down ens33
Connection reset by 192.168.1.201 port 22
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
Connection reset by 192.168.1.100 port 22
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
ssh_exchange_identification: read: Connection reset
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:DW5Z0SLNckIiIIqJNorcH2mo8VrIFu1tCXbHrhTSMTk.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.1.100‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
raodi@192.168.1.100‘s password:
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
Last login: Sun Sep 29 18:59:20 2019 from 192.168.1.108
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
Last login: Sun Sep 29 18:59:20 2019 from 192.168.1.108
[raodi@localhost ~]$
糟糕：
我等了两分钟，刚开始还能ping通www.baidu.com ，可第三分钟之后，不管是系统内部终端还是Windows的cmd都报错了，如下：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (183.232.231.174) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 183.232.231.174 (183.232.231.174): icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=25.8 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.174 (183.232.231.174): icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=15.3 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.174 (183.232.231.174): icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=16.3 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.174 (183.232.231.174): icmp_seq=4 ttl=55 time=15.6 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 7ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 15.313/18.252/25.779/4.362 ms
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping www.baidu.com
ping: www.baidu.com: 未知的名称或服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping www.baidu.com
ping: www.baidu.com: 未知的名称或服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping www.baidu.com
ping: www.baidu.com: 未知的名称或服务
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
ssh_exchange_identification: read: Connection reset
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
write: Connection reset
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
ssh_exchange_identification: read: Connection reset
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
write: Connection reset
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
ssh_exchange_identification: read: Connection reset
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
write: Connection reset
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.100
ssh_exchange_identification: read: Connection reset
配置静态ip的要求：
（正因为，我上述的配置过程和配置内容，均违反了配置要求条件，所以出现这种现象也不足为怪了）
有时候，我们甚至一度习惯于eth0，而对于ens33很难做到情有独钟，看到都表示难以接受。修改前的ifconfig返回信息：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.230 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::5f41:9d04:e548:874a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:c4:36:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 37056 bytes 3463136 (3.3 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 44001 bytes 33507729 (31.9 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 415 bytes 45198 (44.1 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 415 bytes 45198 (44.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 52:54:00:a5:84:87 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
我们这里将ens33改回eth0的网卡设备类型，如下：
1、首先，将ifcfg-ens33备份出一个ifcfg-eth0文件
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 372 9月 29 20:12 ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 280 9月 29 19:27 ifcfg-ens33.bak
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll
总用量 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 372 9月 29 20:12 ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 280 9月 29 19:27 ifcfg-ens33.bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 372 9月 29 20:48 ifcfg-eth0
2、修改ifcfg-eth0文件中的“ NAME=ens33 ” 和“ DEVICE=ens33 ”，变成“ NAME=eth0 ”和“ DEVICE=eth0 ”。具体修改信息如下：
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=0b897d67-bab3-4354-99cb-0cb3678a7036
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.250
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=192.168.1.1
PREFIX=24
3、禁用可预测命名空间属性。可以在启动时传递“net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 ”的内核参数。这是通过编辑/etc/default/grub并加入“net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 ”到GRUBCMDLINELINUX变量来实现的。
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi /etc/default/grub
依据如图方式，进行修改：
4、更新内核参数。重新生成GRUB配置并更新内核参数。
[root@localhost network-scripts]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
done
5、重启系统。进行系统内核参数的加载。
[root@localhost network-scripts]# reboot
Connection to 192.168.1.230 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.1.230 closed.
6、验证修改完成。开机后，重新登录系统，我使用cmd登录也没有问题。
[raodi@localhost ~]$ ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.250 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::36f1:291f:dbae:d020 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:c4:36:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 15 bytes 1264 (1.2 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 45 bytes 4998 (4.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 48 bytes 5616 (5.4 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 48 bytes 5616 (5.4 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255 ether 52:54:00:a5:84:87 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [raodi@localhost ~]$ ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (183.232.231.172) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 183.232.231.172 (183.232.231.172): icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=15.4 ms 64 bytes from 183.232.231.172 (183.232.231.172): icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=15.9 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 3ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 15.436/15.677/15.918/0.241 ms [raodi@localhost ~]$
C:\Users\Raodi>ssh 192.168.1.250 The authenticity of host ‘192.168.1.250 (192.168.1.250)‘ can‘t be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:DW5Z0SLNckIiIIqJNorcH2mo8VrIFu1tCXbHrhTSMTk. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.1.250‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. raodi@192.168.1.250‘s password: Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket Last login: Sun Sep 29 21:07:38 2019 [raodi@localhost ~]$ ll 总用量 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 raodi raodi 6 9月 27 13:44 公共 drwxr-xr-x. 2 raodi raodi 6 9月 27 13:44 模板 drwxr-xr-x. 2 raodi raodi 6 9月 27 13:44 视频 drwxr-xr-x. 2 raodi raodi 6 9月 27 13:44 图片 drwxr-xr-x. 2 raodi raodi 6 9月 27 13:44 文档 drwxr-xr-x. 2 raodi raodi 6 9月 27 13:44 下载 drwxr-xr-x. 2 raodi raodi 6 9月 27 13:44 音乐 drwxr-xr-x. 2 raodi raodi 6 9月 27 13:44 桌面 [raodi@localhost ~]$ ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.250 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::36f1:291f:dbae:d020 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:c4:36:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 119 bytes 12048 (11.7 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 89 bytes 11411 (11.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 48 bytes 5616 (5.4 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 48 bytes 5616 (5.4 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255 ether 52:54:00:a5:84:87 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [raodi@localhost ~]$ ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (183.232.231.174) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 183.232.231.174 (183.232.231.174): icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=15.5 ms 64 bytes from 183.232.231.174 (183.232.231.174): icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=15.2 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 3ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 15.198/15.373/15.549/0.214 ms [raodi@localhost ~]$
[raodi@localhost rules.d]$ vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-ipoib.rules
虽然，直接将NAME="mlx4_ib3"修改成NAME="eth0" ，也能达到第二章中的效果（修改网卡名），但是不推荐在此文件中修改！因为此文件在centos6.4时一般应用于：解决克隆主机MAC地址冲突的现象。在解决克隆主机MAC地址冲突时，记得字母大写小写的区别！
标签：val pts last war grub dns ons set 属性
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Raodi/p/11609922.html
