二次封装Response类、views：视图 generics：工具视图 mixins：视图工具集 viewsets：视图集

Response({
    ‘status‘: 0,
    ‘msg‘: ‘ok‘,
    ‘results‘: [],
    ‘token‘: ‘‘  # 有这样的额外的key-value数据结果
},status=http_status,headers=headers,exception=True|False)

APIResponse() => Response({‘status‘: 0,‘msg‘: ‘ok‘})
"""
```


from rest_framework.response import Response

class APIResponse(Response):
    def __init__(self, data_status=0, data_msg=‘ok‘, results=None, http_status=None, headers=None, exception=False, **kwargs):
        # data的初始状态：状态码与状态信息
        data = {
            ‘status‘: data_status,
            ‘msg‘: data_msg,
        }
        # data的响应数据体
        # results可能是False、0等数据，这些数据某些情况下也会作为合法数据返回
        if results is not None:
            data[‘results‘] = results
        # data响应的其他内容
        # if kwargs is not None:
        #     for k, v in kwargs.items():
        #         setattr(data, k, v)
        data.update(kwargs)

        super().__init__(data=data, status=http_status, headers=headers, exception=exception)
```

urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^v2/books/$‘, views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r‘^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$‘, views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
]
```

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
    # 自定义主键的 有名分组 名
    lookup_field = ‘pk‘
    # 群取
    # def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    #     book_query = self.get_queryset()
    #     book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query, many=True)
    #     book_data = book_ser.data
    #     return APIResponse(results=book_data)

    # 单取
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        book_query = self.get_object()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query)
        book_data = book_ser.data
        return APIResponse(results=book_data)

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin
class BookMixinGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        if ‘pk‘ in kwargs:
            response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
        else:
            # mixins提供的list方法的响应对象是Response，想将该对象格式化为APIResponse
            response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
        # response的数据都存放在response.data中
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)

    def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView
class BookListCreatePIView(ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework import mixins
class BookGenericViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer

    def my_get_list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def my_get_obj(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

urlpatterns = [
       url(r‘^v6/books/$‘, views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({‘get‘: ‘list‘, ‘post‘: ‘create‘})),
    url(r‘^v6/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$‘, views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({‘get‘: ‘retrieve‘, ‘put‘: ‘update‘, ‘patch‘: ‘partial_update‘, ‘delete‘: ‘destroy‘})),
]

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class BookModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer

    # 删不是数据库，而是该记录中的删除字段
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        instance = self.get_object()  # type: models.Book
        if not instance:
            return APIResponse(1, ‘删除失败‘)  # 实际操作，在此之前就做了判断
        instance.is_delete = True
        instance.save()
        return APIResponse(0, ‘删除成功‘)

from django.conf.urls import include
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
# 所有路由与ViewSet视图类的都可以注册，会产生 ‘^v6/books/$‘ 和 ‘^v6/books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$‘
router.register(‘v6/books‘, views.BookModelViewSet)

urlpatterns = [
    # 第一种添加子列表方式
    url(r‘^‘, include(router.urls)),
]
# 第二种添加子列表方式
# urlpatterns.extend(router.urls)