标签:row one long false 两种 bool 方法 tca put
有两种创建线程的方法-一种是通过创建Thread类,另一种是通过使用Runnable创建线程。但是,Runnable缺少的一项功能是,当线程终止时(即run()完成时),我们无法使线程返回结果。为了支持此功能,Java中提供了Callable接口。
为实现Callable而必须重写call方法。
// Java program to illustrate Callable // to return a random number import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; class CallableExample implements Callable { public Object call() throws Exception { // Create random number generator Random generator = new Random(); Integer randomNumber = generator.nextInt(5); // To simulate a heavy computation, // we delay the thread for some random time Thread.sleep(randomNumber * 1000); return randomNumber; } }
当call()方法完成时,结果必须存储在主线程已知的对象中,以便主线程可以知道该线程返回的结果。为此,可以使用Future对象。将Future视为保存结果的对象–它可能暂时不保存结果,但将来会保存(一旦Callable返回)。因此,Future基本上是主线程可以跟踪进度以及其他线程的结果的一种方式。要实现此接口,必须重写5种方法,但是由于下面的示例使用了库中的具体实现,因此这里仅列出了重要的方法。
可以看到Callable和Future做两件事-Callable与Runnable类似,因为它封装了要在另一个线程上运行的任务,而Future用于存储从另一个线程获得的结果。实际上,future也可以与Runnable一起使用。
要创建线程,需要Runnable。为了获得结果,需要future。
Java库具有具体的FutureTask类型,该类型实现Runnable和Future,并方便地将两种功能组合在一起。
可以通过为其构造函数提供Callable来创建FutureTask。然后,将FutureTask对象提供给Thread的构造函数以创建Thread对象。因此,间接地使用Callable创建线程。
package com.example.thread.callable; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.*; /** * @author: GuanBin * @date: Created in 下午11:19 2019/10/31 */ public class TestCallable implements Callable<Object> { private int taskNum; public TestCallable(int taskNum) { this.taskNum = taskNum; }
//1,2主要区别是创建线程的方式 public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { test1(); test2(); } /** * 使用Executors.newFixedThreadPool创建线程池 * @throws InterruptedException * @throws ExecutionException */ private static void test1() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { System.out.println("----程序开始运行----"); Date date1 = new Date(); int taskSize=5; ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(taskSize); List<Future> list = new ArrayList<Future>(); for (int i = 0; i < taskSize; i++) { Callable c = new TestCallable(i); // 执行任务并获取Future对象 Future f = pool.submit(c); list.add(f); } // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); // 获取所有并发任务的运行结果 for (Future f : list) { // 从Future对象上获取任务的返回值,并输出到控制台 System.out.println(">>>" + f.get().toString()); //OPTION + return 抛异常 } Date date2 = new Date(); System.out.println("----程序结束运行----,程序运行时间【" + (date2.getTime() - date1.getTime()) + "毫秒】"); } /** * 线程直接使用new Thread来创建 * @throws ExecutionException * @throws InterruptedException */ private static void test2() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { System.out.println("----程序开始运行----"); Date date1 = new Date(); int taskSize=5; FutureTask[] randomNumberTasks = new FutureTask[5]; List<Future> list = new ArrayList<Future>(); for (int i = 0; i < randomNumberTasks.length; i++) { Callable c = new TestCallable(i); // 执行任务并获取Future对象 randomNumberTasks[i]= new FutureTask(c); Thread t = new Thread(randomNumberTasks[i]); t.start(); } // 获取所有并发任务的运行结果 for (Future f : randomNumberTasks) { // 从Future对象上获取任务的返回值,并输 System.out.println(">>>" + f.get().toString()); //OPTION + return 抛异常 } Date date2 = new Date(); System.out.println("----程序结束运行----,程序运行时间【" + (date2.getTime() - date1.getTime()) + "毫秒】"); } /** * call方法的实现,主要用于执行线程的具体实现,并返回结果 * @return * @throws Exception */ @Override public Object call() throws Exception { System.out.println(">>>" + taskNum + "任务启动"); Date dateTmp1 = new Date(); Thread.sleep(1000); Date dateTmp2 = new Date(); long time = dateTmp2.getTime() - dateTmp1.getTime(); System.out.println(">>>" + taskNum + "任务终止"); return taskNum + "任务返回运行结果,当前任务时间【" + time + "毫秒】"; } }
输出
----程序开始运行---- >>>0任务启动 >>>1任务启动 >>>2任务启动 >>>3任务启动 >>>4任务启动 >>>0任务终止 >>>0任务返回运行结果,当前任务时间【1002毫秒】 >>>1任务终止 >>>2任务终止 >>>4任务终止 >>>1任务返回运行结果,当前任务时间【1005毫秒】 >>>2任务返回运行结果,当前任务时间【1005毫秒】 >>>3任务终止 >>>3任务返回运行结果,当前任务时间【1005毫秒】 >>>4任务返回运行结果,当前任务时间【1005毫秒】 ----程序结束运行----,程序运行时间【1007毫秒】 Process finished with exit code 0
// Java program to illustrate Callable and FutureTask // for random number generation import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; class CallableExample implements Callable { public Object call() throws Exception { Random generator = new Random(); Integer randomNumber = generator.nextInt(5); Thread.sleep(randomNumber * 1000); return randomNumber; } } public class CallableFutureTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // FutureTask is a concrete class that // implements both Runnable and Future FutureTask[] randomNumberTasks = new FutureTask[5]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Callable callable = new CallableExample(); // Create the FutureTask with Callable randomNumberTasks[i] = new FutureTask(callable); // As it implements Runnable, create Thread // with FutureTask Thread t = new Thread(randomNumberTasks[i]); t.start(); } for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // As it implements Future, we can call get() System.out.println(randomNumberTasks[i].get()); // This method blocks till the result is obtained // The get method can throw checked exceptions // like when it is interrupted. This is the reason // for adding the throws clause to main } } }
启动线程后,与线程的所有交互都使用FutureTask,因为它实现了Future接口。因此,不需要存储Thread对象。使用FutureTask对象,还可以取消任务,检查任务是否完成或尝试获取结果。
// Java program to illustrate Runnable // for random number generation import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; class RunnableExample implements Runnable { // Shared object to store result private Object result = null; public void run() { Random generator = new Random(); Integer randomNumber = generator.nextInt(5); // As run cannot throw any Exception try { Thread.sleep(randomNumber * 1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // Store the return value in result when done result = randomNumber; // Wake up threads blocked on the get() method synchronized(this) { notifyAll(); } } public synchronized Object get() throws InterruptedException { while (result == null) wait(); return result; } } // Code is almost same as the previous example with a // few changes made to use Runnable instead of Callable public class RunnableTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { RunnableExample[] randomNumberTasks = new RunnableExample[5]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { randomNumberTasks[i] = new RunnableExample(); Thread t = new Thread(randomNumberTasks[i]); t.start(); } for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) System.out.println(randomNumberTasks[i].get()); } }
标签:row one long false 两种 bool 方法 tca put
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/guanbin-529/p/11784914.html