ArrayList add get remove 源码解析

    /**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     *
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        //处理动态数组的容量，不够则扩充
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }


    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            //容器第一次添加数据，设置容器容量大小初始值
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }
        //根据给定容器大小的下限值，判断是否扩充容器
        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    }

    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        //fail-fast机制的基准值
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            //容器大小不足，扩充
            grow(minCapacity);
    }

    /**
     * Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
     * number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
     *
     * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
     */
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        
        //每次扩充为原容器大小的1.5倍
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        
        //兜底机制，扩充后的容器大小如果还不满足条件，则使用给定的容器大小
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        
        //如果扩充后的容器大小值超出容器规定的上限，两种情况
        //1 是大小超出了int的最大值，成为负数，直接抛出异常
        //2 是大小超出了容器上限值，但是还没超出int的最大值，则容器大小初始化为int的最大值
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
                Integer.MAX_VALUE :
                MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
     *
     * @param  index index of the element to return
     * @return the element at the specified position in this list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E get(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        return elementData(index);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the given index is in range.  If not, throws an appropriate
     * runtime exception.  This method does *not* check if the index is
     * negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access,
     * which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative.
     */
    private void rangeCheck(int index) {
        if (index >= size)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }

    // Positional Access Operations
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    E elementData(int index) {
        return (E) elementData[index];
    }

/**
     * Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
     * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
     * indices).
     *
     * @param index the index of the element to be removed
     * @return the element that was removed from the list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E remove(int index) {
        //检查索引是否越界
        rangeCheck(index);

        modCount++;
        //保留原有值，作为返回数据
        E oldValue = elementData(index);

        //计算需要移动的数组的数据长度
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            //把index后面的所有数据往前移动一位
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                    numMoved);
        
        //删除数组最后一个多余的数据，便于gc回收
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

        return oldValue;
    }