标签:容斥原理
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=4135
求连续区间[a,b]内与n互质的数的个数。
因为a,b相当大,考虑用容斥原理。只需先求出[a,b]内与n不互质的数的个数,等于[1,b]内与n不互质的个数 - [1,a-1]内与n不互质的个数。问题转化为求【1,m】内与n不互质的数的个数。
先对n分解质因子,[1,m]内是n的质因子的倍数的那些数肯定与n不互质,但是有许多重复的,需要减去。质因子解法有多种,队列数组或状态压缩。
例如30的质因子是2,3,5,[1,m]内与30互质的数的个数表示为 n/2 + n/3 + n/5 - n/(2*3) - n/(2*5) - n/(3*5) + n/(2*3*5)。发现质因子个数是奇数的做加法,是偶数的做减法。队列数组解法为模拟一个队列,初始将1加入队列,之后每次取出n的一个质因子依次与队列中的数相乘后置于队尾,每次乘-1决定其前面的正负号。最后队列里的就是上式所有的分子,然后解之。 状态压缩便是将取出的质因子置为1没取出的置为0,得到一个数res,若res的质因子个数是奇数就加上,是偶数就减,求和就是与m不互素的数的个数,解之。
#include <stdio.h> #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <set> #include <bitset> #include <list> #include <stack> #include <vector> #include <math.h> #include <string.h> #include <queue> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> #include <algorithm> #define LL __int64 //#define LL long long #define eps 1e-9 #define PI acos(-1.0) using namespace std; const LL INF = 1<<30; const int maxn = 100010; LL a,b,n; LL ans; int fac[maxn]; int prime[maxn]; int facCnt; void getPrime() { bool flag[maxn]; memset(flag,false,sizeof(flag)); prime[0] = 0; for(int i = 2; i < maxn; i++) { if(flag[i] == false) prime[++prime[0]] = i; for(int j = 1; j <= prime[0]&&i*prime[j]<maxn; j++) { flag[i*prime[j]] = true; if(i % prime[j] == 0) break; } } } void getFac() { LL tmp = n; facCnt = 0; for(int i = 1; i <= prime[0] && prime[i]*prime[i] <= tmp; i++) { if(tmp % prime[i] == 0) { fac[facCnt++] = prime[i]; while(tmp%prime[i] == 0) tmp /= prime[i]; } if(tmp == 1) break; } if(tmp > 1) fac[facCnt++] = tmp; } LL solve(LL m) { //位运算 LL anw = 0; for(int i = 1; i < (1<<facCnt); i++) { LL res = 1; int cnt = 0; for(int j = 0; j < facCnt; j++) { if(i & (1<<j)) { res *= fac[j]; cnt++; } } if(cnt & 1) anw += m/res; else anw -= m/res; } return anw; } int main() { int test; scanf("%d",&test); getPrime(); for(int item = 1; item <= test; item++) { scanf("%I64d %I64d %I64d",&a,&b,&n); getFac(); ans = (b-solve(b)) - (a-1-solve(a-1)); printf("Case #%d: %I64d\n",item,ans); } return 0; }
#include <stdio.h> #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <set> #include <bitset> #include <list> #include <stack> #include <vector> #include <math.h> #include <string.h> #include <queue> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> #include <algorithm> #define LL __int64 //#define LL long long #define eps 1e-9 #define PI acos(-1.0) using namespace std; const LL INF = 1<<30; const int maxn = 100010; LL a,b,n; LL ans; int fac[maxn]; int prime[maxn]; int facCnt; void getPrime() { bool flag[maxn]; memset(flag,false,sizeof(flag)); prime[0] = 0; for(int i = 2; i < maxn; i++) { if(flag[i] == false) prime[++prime[0]] = i; for(int j = 1; j <= prime[0]&&i*prime[j]<maxn; j++) { flag[i*prime[j]] = true; if(i % prime[j] == 0) break; } } } void getFac() { LL tmp = n; facCnt = 0; for(int i = 1; i <= prime[0] && prime[i]*prime[i] <= tmp; i++) { if(tmp % prime[i] == 0) { fac[facCnt++] = prime[i]; while(tmp%prime[i] == 0) tmp /= prime[i]; } if(tmp == 1) break; } if(tmp > 1) fac[facCnt++] = tmp; } LL solve(LL m) { //队列数组 int que[110]; int l = 0; que[l++] = 1; for(int i = 0; i < facCnt; i++) { int k = l; for(int j = 0; j < k; j++) que[l++] = fac[i]*que[j]*(-1); } LL anw = 0; for(int i = 0; i < l; i++) anw += m/que[i]; return anw; } int main() { int test; scanf("%d",&test); getPrime(); for(int item = 1; item <= test; item++) { scanf("%I64d %I64d %I64d",&a,&b,&n); getFac(); ans = solve(b) - solve(a-1); printf("Case #%d: %I64d\n",item,ans); } return 0; }
标签:容斥原理
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u013081425/article/details/40593081