复合和继承

// reuse/Detergent.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
// Inheritance syntax & properties

class Cleanser {
  private String s = "Cleanser";
  public void append(String a) { s += a; }
  public void dilute() { append(" dilute()"); }
  public void apply() { append(" apply()"); }
  public void scrub() { append(" scrub()"); }
  @Override
  public String toString() { return s; }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Cleanser x = new Cleanser();
    x.dilute(); x.apply(); x.scrub();
    System.out.println(x);
  }
}

public class Detergent extends Cleanser {
  // Change a method:
  @Override
  public void scrub() {
    append(" Detergent.scrub()");
    super.scrub(); // Call base-class version
  }
  // Add methods to the interface:
  public void foam() { append(" foam()"); }
  // Test the new class:
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Detergent x = new Detergent();
    x.dilute();
    x.apply();
    x.scrub();
    x.foam();
    System.out.println(x);
    System.out.println("Testing base class:");
    Cleanser.main(args);
  }
}
/* Output:
Cleanser dilute() apply() Detergent.scrub() scrub()
foam()
Testing base class:
Cleanser dilute() apply() scrub()
*/

// reuse/Chess.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
// Inheritance, constructors and arguments

class Game {
  Game(int i) {
    System.out.println("Game constructor");
  }
}

class BoardGame extends Game {
  BoardGame(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println("BoardGame constructor");
  }
}

public class Chess extends BoardGame {
  Chess() {
    super(11);
    System.out.println("Chess constructor");
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Chess x = new Chess();
  }
}
/* Output:
Game constructor
BoardGame constructor
Chess constructor
*/

// reuse/SpaceShipDelegation.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.

public class SpaceShipDelegation {
  private String name;
  private SpaceShipControls controls =
    new SpaceShipControls();
  public SpaceShipDelegation(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  // Delegated methods:
  public void back(int velocity) {
    controls.back(velocity);
  }
  public void down(int velocity) {
    controls.down(velocity);
  }
  public void forward(int velocity) {
    controls.forward(velocity);
  }
  public void left(int velocity) {
    controls.left(velocity);
  }
  public void right(int velocity) {
    controls.right(velocity);
  }
  public void turboBoost() {
    controls.turboBoost();
  }
  public void up(int velocity) {
    controls.up(velocity);
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpaceShipDelegation protector =
      new SpaceShipDelegation("NSEA Protector");
    protector.forward(100);
  }
}

// reuse/PlaceSetting.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
// Combining composition & inheritance

class Plate {
  Plate(int i) {
    System.out.println("Plate constructor");
  }
}

class DinnerPlate extends Plate {
  DinnerPlate(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println("DinnerPlate constructor");
  }
}

class Utensil {
  Utensil(int i) {
    System.out.println("Utensil constructor");
  }
}

class Spoon extends Utensil {
  Spoon(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println("Spoon constructor");
  }
}

class Fork extends Utensil {
  Fork(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println("Fork constructor");
  }
}

class Knife extends Utensil {
  Knife(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println("Knife constructor");
  }
}

// A cultural way of doing something:
class Custom {
  Custom(int i) {
    System.out.println("Custom constructor");
  }
}

public class PlaceSetting extends Custom {
  private Spoon sp;
  private Fork frk;
  private Knife kn;
  private DinnerPlate pl;
  public PlaceSetting(int i) {
    super(i + 1);
    sp = new Spoon(i + 2);
    frk = new Fork(i + 3);
    kn = new Knife(i + 4);
    pl = new DinnerPlate(i + 5);
    System.out.println("PlaceSetting constructor");
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    PlaceSetting x = new PlaceSetting(9);
  }
}
/* Output:
Custom constructor
Utensil constructor
Spoon constructor
Utensil constructor
Fork constructor
Utensil constructor
Knife constructor
Plate constructor
DinnerPlate constructor
PlaceSetting constructor
*/