多渠道打包工具Walle源码分析

我们的APK在签名后，通过解压，我们能够发现在APK中出现了一个META-INF的文件夹，它包含了三个文件MANIFEST.MF、CERT.RSA、CERT.SF三个文件，这三个文件就包含我们v1签名的签名信息。
我们本节的重点不是在签名上，所以我就简单的来说一下，这三个文件的作用是什么。

final class AplUtil { 
 　　private ApkUtil(){
　　　　super();
    }

    /**
     * APK Signing Block Magic Code: magic “APK Sig Block 42” (16 bytes)
     * "APK Sig Block 42" : 41 50 4B 20 53 69 67 20 42 6C 6F 63 6B 20 34 32
     */
    public static final long APK_SIG_BLOCK_MAGIC_HI = 0x3234206b636f6c42L; // LITTLE_ENDIAN, High
    public static final long APK_SIG_BLOCK_MAGIC_LO = 0x20676953204b5041L; // LITTLE_ENDIAN, Low
    private static final int APK_SIG_BLOCK_MIN_SIZE = 32;

    /*
     The v2 signature of the APK is stored as an ID-value pair with ID 0x7109871a
     (https://source.android.com/security/apksigning/v2.html#apk-signing-block)
      */
    public static final int APK_SIGNATURE_SCHEME_V2_BLOCK_ID = 0x7109871a;

    /**
     * The padding in APK SIG BLOCK (V3 scheme introduced)
     * See https://android.googlesource.com/platform/tools/apksig/+/master/src/main/java/com/android/apksig/internal/apk/ApkSigningBlockUtils.java
     */
    public static final int VERITY_PADDING_BLOCK_ID = 0x42726577;

    public static final int ANDROID_COMMON_PAGE_ALIGNMENT_BYTES = 4096;


    // Our Channel Block ID 签名校验区的值是通过ID-value的键值对写进去的，这里walle的渠道key就是下面的值
    public static final int APK_CHANNEL_BLOCK_ID = 0x71777777;

    public static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";

    private static final int ZIP_EOCD_REC_MIN_SIZE = 22;
    private static final int ZIP_EOCD_REC_SIG = 0x06054b50;
    private static final int UINT16_MAX_VALUE = 0xffff;
    private static final int ZIP_EOCD_COMMENT_LENGTH_FIELD_OFFSET = 20;
　　
　　 //EOCD获取长度，下面的函数就是获取我们所需要的EOCD区域，这里面包含了Central Dir的偏移量，所以很好计算 第四步
　　//第 4 部分（ZIP 中央目录结尾）包含“ZIP 中央目录”的偏移量
    public static long getCommentLength(final FileChannel fileChannel) throws IOException {
　　　　  //这里的注释将EOCD结构描述的很详细
        // End of central directory record (EOCD)
        // Offset    Bytes     Description[23]
        // 0           4       End of central directory signature = 0x06054b50
        // 4           2       Number of this disk
        // 6           2       Disk where central directory starts
        // 8           2       Number of central directory records on this disk
        // 10          2       Total number of central directory records
        // 12          4       Size of central directory (bytes)
        // 16          4       Offset of start of central directory, relative to start of archive //这里包含了Central Dir的偏移量
        // 20          2       Comment length (n)
        // 22          n       Comment
        // For a zip with no archive comment, the
        // end-of-central-directory record will be 22 bytes long, so
        // we expect to find the EOCD marker 22 bytes from the end.


        final long archiveSize = fileChannel.size();
        if (archiveSize < ZIP_EOCD_REC_MIN_SIZE) {
            throw new IOException("APK too small for ZIP End of Central Directory (EOCD) record");
        }
　　　　　//EOCD位于apk的最后方，他的起始为一个magic魔数，所以我们只要找到这个魔数，就可以确定位置了
        // ZIP End of Central Directory (EOCD) record is located at the very end of the ZIP archive.
        // The record can be identified by its 4-byte signature/magic which is located at the very
        // beginning of the record. A complication is that the record is variable-length because of
        // the comment field.
　　　   //这里解释了下面计算EOCD区域的大小
        // The algorithm for locating the ZIP EOCD record is as follows. We search backwards from  
        // end of the buffer for the EOCD record signature. Whenever we find a signature, we check
        // the candidate record‘s comment length is such that the remainder of the record takes up
        // exactly the remaining bytes in the buffer. The search is bounded because the maximum
        // size of the comment field is 65535 bytes because the field is an unsigned 16-bit number.
　　　　 //最大不超过16bit  这个没太懂是从哪里得到的
        final long maxCommentLength = Math.min(archiveSize - ZIP_EOCD_REC_MIN_SIZE, UINT16_MAX_VALUE);
        final long eocdWithEmptyCommentStartPosition = archiveSize - ZIP_EOCD_REC_MIN_SIZE;
        for (int expectedCommentLength = 0; expectedCommentLength <= maxCommentLength;
             expectedCommentLength++) {
            final long eocdStartPos = eocdWithEmptyCommentStartPosition - expectedCommentLength;

            final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
            fileChannel.position(eocdStartPos);
            fileChannel.read(byteBuffer);
            byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
　　　　　　　//这个循环就很简单了，0x06054b50不断去找EOCD的魔术，找到了他的位置就是EOCD的起始位置
            if (byteBuffer.getInt(0) == ZIP_EOCD_REC_SIG) {
                final ByteBuffer commentLengthByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
                fileChannel.position(eocdStartPos + ZIP_EOCD_COMMENT_LENGTH_FIELD_OFFSET);
                fileChannel.read(commentLengthByteBuffer);
                commentLengthByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
　　　　　　　　　 //这里找到起始位置后，就可以知道我们 EOCD的实际大小了 根据上面那个记录
                final int actualCommentLength = commentLengthByteBuffer.getShort(0);
                if (actualCommentLength == expectedCommentLength) {
                    return actualCommentLength;
                }
            }
        }
        throw new IOException("ZIP End of Central Directory (EOCD) record not found");
    }
　　//找到CentralDir 的起始位置，第二步
    public static long findCentralDirStartOffset(final FileChannel fileChannel) throws IOException {
　　　　 //这里需要获取ECOD区域的大小，通过apk大小减去这一部分的大小
        return findCentralDirStartOffset(fileChannel, getCommentLength(fileChannel));
    }
    //这里是通过获取到的EOCD区域的大小去计算获取CentralDir的偏移量，第五步
    public static long findCentralDirStartOffset(final FileChannel fileChannel, final long commentLength) throws IOException {
        // End of central directory record (EOCD)
        // Offset    Bytes     Description[23]
        // 0           4       End of central directory signature = 0x06054b50
        // 4           2       Number of this disk
        // 6           2       Disk where central directory starts
        // 8           2       Number of central directory records on this disk
        // 10          2       Total number of central directory records
        // 12          4       Size of central directory (bytes)
        // 16          4       Offset of start of central directory, relative to start of archive
        // 20          2       Comment length (n)
        // 22          n       Comment
        // For a zip with no archive comment, the
        // end-of-central-directory record will be 22 bytes long, so
        // we expect to find the EOCD marker 22 bytes from the end.

        final ByteBuffer zipCentralDirectoryStart = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
        zipCentralDirectoryStart.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
　　　　　//这块就很清楚了 apk大小减去comment大小，commenlength大小，CDIR偏移量大小，就是偏移量的起始位置，读一下就可以了。
        fileChannel.position(fileChannel.size() - commentLength - 6); // 6 = 2 (Comment length) + 4 (Offset of start of central directory, relative to start of archive)
        fileChannel.read(zipCentralDirectoryStart);
        final long centralDirStartOffset = zipCentralDirectoryStart.getInt(0);
        return centralDirStartOffset;
    }
　　//我们要找到我们的签名块 这是第一步
    public static Pair<ByteBuffer, Long> findApkSigningBlock(
            final FileChannel fileChannel) throws IOException, SignatureNotFoundException {
        final long centralDirOffset = findCentralDirStartOffset(fileChannel);
        return findApkSigningBlock(fileChannel, centralDirOffset);
    }
　　//第六步，通过获取到的Central Dir偏移地址去找签名块
    public static Pair<ByteBuffer, Long> findApkSigningBlock(
            final FileChannel fileChannel, final long centralDirOffset) throws IOException, SignatureNotFoundException {
　　　　　//CDIR的结构
        // Find the APK Signing Block. The block immediately precedes the Central Directory.

        // FORMAT:
        // OFFSET       DATA TYPE  DESCRIPTION
        // * @+0  bytes uint64:    size in bytes (excluding this field)
        // * @+8  bytes payload
        // * @-24 bytes uint64:    size in bytes (same as the one above)
        // * @-16 bytes uint128:   magic

        if (centralDirOffset < APK_SIG_BLOCK_MIN_SIZE) {
            throw new SignatureNotFoundException(
                    "APK too small for APK Signing Block. ZIP Central Directory offset: "
                            + centralDirOffset);
        }
        // Read the magic and offset in file from the footer section of the block:
        // * uint64:   size of block
        // * 16 bytes: magic
　　　　 //看图一

        fileChannel.position(centralDirOffset - 24);
        final ByteBuffer footer = ByteBuffer.allocate(24);
        fileChannel.read(footer);
        footer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        if ((footer.getLong(8) != APK_SIG_BLOCK_MAGIC_LO)
                || (footer.getLong(16) != APK_SIG_BLOCK_MAGIC_HI)) {
            throw new SignatureNotFoundException(
                    "No APK Signing Block before ZIP Central Directory");
        }
        // Read and compare size fields
        final long apkSigBlockSizeInFooter = footer.getLong(0);
        if ((apkSigBlockSizeInFooter < footer.capacity())
                || (apkSigBlockSizeInFooter > Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8)) {
            throw new SignatureNotFoundException(
                    "APK Signing Block size out of range: " + apkSigBlockSizeInFooter);
        }
        final int totalSize = (int) (apkSigBlockSizeInFooter + 8);
　　　　 //这是计算 签名块 前两处的 末尾偏移量
        final long apkSigBlockOffset = centralDirOffset - totalSize;
        if (apkSigBlockOffset < 0) {
            throw new SignatureNotFoundException(
                    "APK Signing Block offset out of range: " + apkSigBlockOffset);
        }
        fileChannel.position(apkSigBlockOffset);
        //这块不是很懂 为什么能通过后两部分的大小计算出 签名块 前两个区域的内容 ，猜测是通过大小段 ，上面的注释应该是提示
        final ByteBuffer apkSigBlock = ByteBuffer.allocate(totalSize);
        fileChannel.read(apkSigBlock);
        apkSigBlock.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        final long apkSigBlockSizeInHeader = apkSigBlock.getLong(0);
        if (apkSigBlockSizeInHeader != apkSigBlockSizeInFooter) {
            throw new SignatureNotFoundException(
                    "APK Signing Block sizes in header and footer do not match: "
                            + apkSigBlockSizeInHeader + " vs " + apkSigBlockSizeInFooter);
        }
　　　　  //这块就返回了存储有签名信息，渠道信息的块给前面去读
        return Pair.of(apkSigBlock, apkSigBlockOffset);
    }

　　//这里就是获取签名块中的key和对应的value，基本上获取了这些，读取渠道信息基本没有任何问题了
    public static Map<Integer, ByteBuffer> findIdValues(final ByteBuffer apkSigningBlock) throws SignatureNotFoundException {
        checkByteOrderLittleEndian(apkSigningBlock);
        // FORMAT:
        // OFFSET       DATA TYPE  DESCRIPTION
        // * @+0  bytes uint64:    size in bytes (excluding this field)
        // * @+8  bytes pairs
        // * @-24 bytes uint64:    size in bytes (same as the one above)
        // * @-16 bytes uint128:   magic
　　　　　//这里是过滤apk签名块的中存储签名信息的key，value，起点在8----大小-24

        final ByteBuffer pairs = sliceFromTo(apkSigningBlock, 8, apkSigningBlock.capacity() - 24);

        final Map<Integer, ByteBuffer> idValues = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, ByteBuffer>(); // keep order

        int entryCount = 0;
        while (pairs.hasRemaining()) {
            entryCount++;
            if (pairs.remaining() < 8) {
                throw new SignatureNotFoundException(
                        "Insufficient data to read size of APK Signing Block entry #" + entryCount);
            }
　　　　　　　//循环读 每次8个字节
            final long lenLong = pairs.getLong();
            if ((lenLong < 4) || (lenLong > Integer.MAX_VALUE)) {
                throw new SignatureNotFoundException(
                        "APK Signing Block entry #" + entryCount
                                + " size out of range: " + lenLong);
            }
            final int len = (int) lenLong;
            final int nextEntryPos = pairs.position() + len;
            if (len > pairs.remaining()) {
                throw new SignatureNotFoundException(
                        "APK Signing Block entry #" + entryCount + " size out of range: " + len
                                + ", available: " + pairs.remaining());
            }
            final int id = pairs.getInt();
　　　　　　　//4个字节的id和变长的value getByteBuffer需要根据调整大小
            idValues.put(id, getByteBuffer(pairs, len - 4));

            pairs.position(nextEntryPos);
        }
　　　　　//返回所有的id和value
        return idValues;
    }

    /**
     * Returns new byte buffer whose content is a shared subsequence of this buffer‘s content
     * between the specified start (inclusive) and end (exclusive) positions. As opposed to
     * {@link ByteBuffer#slice()}, the returned buffer‘s byte order is the same as the source
     * buffer‘s byte order.
     */
    private static ByteBuffer sliceFromTo(final ByteBuffer source, final int start, final int end) {
        if (start < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("start: " + start);
        }
        if (end < start) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("end < start: " + end + " < " + start);
        }
        final int capacity = source.capacity();
        if (end > source.capacity()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("end > capacity: " + end + " > " + capacity);
        }
        final int originalLimit = source.limit();
        final int originalPosition = source.position();
        try {
            source.position(0);
            source.limit(end);
            source.position(start);
            final ByteBuffer result = source.slice();
            result.order(source.order());
            return result;
        } finally {
            source.position(0);
            source.limit(originalLimit);
            source.position(originalPosition);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Relative <em>get</em> method for reading {@code size} number of bytes from the current
     * position of this buffer.
     * <p>
     * <p>This method reads the next {@code size} bytes at this buffer‘s current position,
     * returning them as a {@code ByteBuffer} with start set to 0, limit and capacity set to
     * {@code size}, byte order set to this buffer‘s byte order; and then increments the position by
     * {@code size}.
     */
    private static ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(final ByteBuffer source, final int size)
            throws BufferUnderflowException {
        if (size < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("size: " + size);
        }
        final int originalLimit = source.limit();
        final int position = source.position();
        final int limit = position + size;
        if ((limit < position) || (limit > originalLimit)) {
            throw new BufferUnderflowException();
        }
        source.limit(limit);
        try {
            final ByteBuffer result = source.slice();
            result.order(source.order());
            source.position(limit);
            return result;
        } finally {
            source.limit(originalLimit);
        }
    }

    private static void checkByteOrderLittleEndian(final ByteBuffer buffer) {
        if (buffer.order() != ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ByteBuffer byte order must be little endian");
        }
    }


}

/**
 * https://source.android.com/security/apksigning/v2.html
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_(file_format)
 */
//写渠道与读类似

class ApkSigningBlock {
    // The format of the APK Signing Block is as follows (all numeric fields are little-endian):

    // .size of block in bytes (excluding this field) (uint64)
    // .Sequence of uint64-length-prefixed ID-value pairs:
    //   *ID (uint32)
    //   *value (variable-length: length of the pair - 4 bytes)
    // .size of block in bytes—same as the very first field (uint64)
    // .magic “APK Sig Block 42” (16 bytes)

    // FORMAT:
    // OFFSET       DATA TYPE  DESCRIPTION
    // * @+0  bytes uint64:    size in bytes (excluding this field)
    // * @+8  bytes payload
    // * @-24 bytes uint64:    size in bytes (same as the one above)
    // * @-16 bytes uint128:   magic

    // payload 有 8字节的大小，4字节的ID，还有payload的内容组成

    private final List<ApkSigningPayload> payloads;

    ApkSigningBlock() {
        super();

        payloads = new ArrayList<ApkSigningPayload>();
    }

    public final List<ApkSigningPayload> getPayloads() {
        return payloads;
    }

    public void addPayload(final ApkSigningPayload payload) {
        payloads.add(payload);
    }
　　//写渠道信息，这里的DataOutput是apk，这个输入流已经 定位到了 签名块的偏移位置 这块还是不明白为什么传的是apksign区域的末尾偏移地址
    public long writeApkSigningBlock(final DataOutput dataOutput) throws IOException {
        long length = 24; // 24 = 8(size of block in bytes—same as the very first field (uint64)) + 16 (magic “APK Sig Block 42” (16 bytes))
　　　　
　　　　　//这里计算你要写入的信息的大小
        for (int index = 0; index < payloads.size(); ++index) {
            final ApkSigningPayload payload = payloads.get(index);
            final byte[] bytes = payload.getByteBuffer();
            length += 12 + bytes.length; // 12 = 8(uint64-length-prefixed) + 4 (ID (uint32))
        }

        ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8); // Long.BYTES
        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        byteBuffer.putLong(length);
        byteBuffer.flip();
        dataOutput.write(byteBuffer.array());
        //这个就是不断写入渠道所需要的信息了
        for (int index = 0; index < payloads.size(); ++index) {
            final ApkSigningPayload payload = payloads.get(index);
　　　　　　　 //写value
            final byte[] bytes = payload.getByteBuffer();
　　　　　　
            byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8); // Long.BYTES
            byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
            byteBuffer.putLong(bytes.length + (8 - 4)); // Long.BYTES - Integer.BYTES
            byteBuffer.flip();
            dataOutput.write(byteBuffer.array());
　　　　　　  //写key
            byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4); // Integer.BYTES
            byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
            byteBuffer.putInt(payload.getId());
            byteBuffer.flip();
            dataOutput.write(byteBuffer.array());

            dataOutput.write(bytes);
        }
　　　　//这块是所有的信息写完后，你需要写大小和魔数
        byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8); // Long.BYTES
        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        byteBuffer.putLong(length);
        byteBuffer.flip();
        dataOutput.write(byteBuffer.array());
　　　　 //写签名魔数 16个字节
        byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8); // Long.BYTES
        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        byteBuffer.putLong(ApkUtil.APK_SIG_BLOCK_MAGIC_LO);
        byteBuffer.flip();
        dataOutput.write(byteBuffer.array());

        byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8); // Long.BYTES
        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        byteBuffer.putLong(ApkUtil.APK_SIG_BLOCK_MAGIC_HI);
        byteBuffer.flip();
        dataOutput.write(byteBuffer.array());

        return length;
    }
}