标签：api man 短信验证码 默认 pat port use 需要 pre
目录
该类下主要使用:get_object, get_query, get_serializer
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class CarGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
#该返回值一定要是query对象,如果object后面不加.query方法,是manager对象
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 源码中默认设置路由参数名lookup_url_kwarg为pk,可以自定义
lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'
#群查
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
car_query = self.get_queryset()
car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_query,many=True)
return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
#单查
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# pk = kwargs.get('pk')
# car_obj = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).filter(pk=pk).first()
# car_ser = serializers.CarModelSerializer(car_obj)
car_obj = self.get_object()
car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_obj)
return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)CreateModelMixin
ListModelMixin
RetrieveModelMixin
UpdateModelMixin
DestroyModelMixin
from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin,ListModelMixin
#mixins视图工具类
class CarReadGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,GenericAPIView):
#该返回值一定要是query对象,如果object后面不加.query方法,是manager对象
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 源码中默认设置路由参数名lookup_url_kwarg为pk,可以自定义
lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'
#群查
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
response = self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
#单查
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# car_obj = self.get_object()
# car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_obj)
# return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin
#mixins视图工具类
class CarReadGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView):
#该返回值一定要是query对象,如果object后面不加.query方法,是manager对象
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 源码中默认设置路由参数名lookup_url_kwarg为pk,可以自定义
lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'
#单增
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.create(request,*args,**kwargs)
#--------------------------------------------------------
#单增时需要设置哪些字段是需要参与反序列化(子序列化无法完成反序列化)
class SponsorModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Sponsor
fields = ('name', 'phone')
class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# sponsors = SponsorModelSerializer(many=True) # 用子序列化完成外键，外键就不能参与反序列化
class Meta:
model = models.Car
fields = ('name', 'price', 'brand_name', 'sponsor_list', 'brand', 'sponsors')
extra_kwargs = {
'brand': {
'required': True,
'write_only': True
},
'sponsors': {
'required': True,
'write_only': True
},
}ListCreateAPIView(群查和单增)
RetrieveAPIView(单查)
RetrieveDestroyAPIView(单查单删)
RetrieveUpdateAPIView(单查单改)
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(单查,单改,单删)
UpdateAPIView(单改)
在RetrieveAPIView类内有get方法,该方法封装了单查方法
#Generics工具视图类
#单独完成单查接口
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView
class CarRetrieveAPIView(RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'在ListAPIView类内有get方法,该方法封装了群查方法
#单独完成单查接口
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer#单查(get)、单整体改(put)、单局部改(patch)、单删接口(delete)
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
class CarRetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializerAPIView
GenericAPIView
'''
总结：
GenericAPIView就是在APIView基础上额外提供了三个方法，三个类属性，如果不配合视图工具类，体现不出优势
目的：
视图中的增删改查逻辑相似，但操作的资源不一致，操作资源就是操作 资源对象们、资源对象以及资源相关的序列化类，
将这三者形成配置，那操作逻辑就一致，就可以进行封装
'''mixins视图工具类们：五个类，六个方法
'''
要配合GenericAPIView类使用，将单查、群查、单增，单整体改，单局部改，单删六个接口
封装成retrieve、list、create、update、partial_update、destroy六个方法
原因：
六个方法的实现体，调用的方法就是GenericAPIView提供的，所以要配合GenericAPIView类使用
'''generics工具视图类们：九种组合
两个视图集基类:GenericViewSet和ViewSet
两个视图集子类:ReadOnlyModelViewSet，ModelViewSet
一个工具类
在ViewSetMixin类中重写了as_view方法,将as_view中的参数(方法名)直接映射称对应的函数,并执行
#单查群查共存
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin,GenericViewSet,ViewSet
class CarReadOnlyAPIView(RetrieveModelMixin,ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet):
# def many_get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)
#
# def single_get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
#路由中,直接反射list和retrieve方法
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer#路由配置
url(r'^v7/cars/$', views.CarModelViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'list',
'post': 'create',
'put': 'many_update',
'patch': 'many_partial_update',
'delete': 'many_destroy',
})),
url(r'^v7/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarModelViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve',
'put': 'update',
'patch': 'partial_update',
'delete': 'destroy',
})),# 六大接口
class CarModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer'''
分析：
1）没有群增，群整体改，群局部改，群删四个接口
2）删除操作视图集默认走的destroy方法是将资源从数据库中删除，通常一个做字段is_delete字段修改表示删除
3）响应的结果只有数据，没有数据状态码和状态信息
'''解决1
# 群整体改，群局部改，全删三个接口可以独立成三个方法
def many_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群整体改，你会写！')
def many_partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群局部改，你会写！')
def many_destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群删，你会写！')
# 群增与单增必须公用一个接口，都要走create方法 - 重写create方法，用逻辑进行拆分
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
request_data = request.data
if isinstance(request_data, list):
car_ser = self.get_serializer(data=request_data, many=True)
car_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
car_obj = car_ser.save()
return APIResponse(msg='群增成功', results=self.get_serializer(car_obj, many=True).data)
return super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)解决2
# destroy方法是完成is_delete字段值修改 - 重写destroy方法，自定义实现体
def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
car_obj = self.get_object()
car_obj.is_delete = True
car_obj.save()
return APIResponse(msg='删除成功')解决3
# 让群查有状态码和状态信息 - 重写list方法
def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = super().list(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)# 路由层：
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('v7/cars', views.CarModelViewSet, basename='car')
router.register('books', views.BookModelViewSet, basename='book')
router.register('users', views.UserModelViewSet, basename='user')
urlpatterns = [
'''
url(r'^v7/cars/$', views.CarModelViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'list',
'post': 'create',
'put': 'many_update',
'patch': 'many_partial_update',
'delete': 'many_destroy',
})),
url(r'^v7/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarModelViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve',
'put': 'update',
'patch': 'partial_update',
'delete': 'destroy',
})),
'''
#分发
url(r'', include(router.urls))
]'''
核心：视图集都继承了 ViewSetMixin类，该类重写了as_view方法，相比APIView的as_view方法，额外多出了一个参数actions
as_view({'get': 'list'}) 传入的{'get': 'list'}就被actions接收，原理是将get请求映射给视图类的list函数进行处理
1）为什么有GenericViewSet和ViewSet两个视图集基类
GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, GenericAPIView)，该分支严格满足资源接口
ViewSet(ViewSetMixin, APIView)，该分支满足的接口与资源Model类关系不是特别密切：登录接口、短信验证码接口
2）ReadOnlyModelViewSet，ModelViewSet两个视图集子类，就是做个一堆mixin与GenericViewSet相结合，
自己在urls文件中配置as_view设置映射关系
'''标签：api man 短信验证码 默认 pat port use 需要 pre
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/samoo/p/12122943.html
