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六、Kibana使用、logstash扩展插件

时间:2020-01-13 10:54:26      阅读:159      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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1.导入数据
批量导入数据并查看 
 
1.1 导入数据
 
1) 使用POST方式批量导入数据,数据格式为json,url 编码使用data-binary导入含有index配置的json文件
]# scp /var/ftp/elk/*.gz 192.168.1.66:/root/
kibana ~]# gzip -d logs.jsonl.gz 
kibana ~]# gzip -d accounts.json.gz 
kibana ~]# gzip -d shakespeare.json.gz
 
kibana ~]# curl -X POST "http://192.168.1.61:9200/_bulk" \ 
--data-binary @shakespeare.json
 
kibana ~]# curl -X POST "http://192.168.1.61:9200/xixi/haha/_bulk" \
--data-binary @accounts.json  
//索引是xixi,类型是haha,必须导入索引和类型,没有索引,要加上
 
kibana ~]# curl -X POST "http://192.168.1.61:9200/_bulk"  \ 
--data-binary @logs.jsonl
 
2)使用GET查询结果
kibana ~]# curl -XGET ‘http://192.168.1.61:9200/_mget?pretty‘ -d ‘{
     "docs":[
         {
            "_index":"shakespeare",
            "_type:":"act",
            "_id":0
    },
    {
            "_index":"shakespeare",
            "_type:":"line",
            "_id":0
    },
    {
            "_index":"xixi",
            "_type:":"haha",
            "_id":25
    }
    ]
    }‘
 
1.2 使用kibana查看数据是否导入成功
1)数据导入以后查看logs是否导入成功,如图所示:
技术图片
 
2)kibana导入数据,如图-2所示:
kibana ~]# firefox http://192.168.1.66:5601
技术图片
3)成功创建会有logstash-*
 
4)导入成功之后选择Discover,如图-4所示:
技术图片
注意: 这里没有数据的原因是导入日志的时间段不对,默认配置是最近15分钟,在这可以修改一下时间来显示
 
5)kibana修改时间,选择Lsat 15 miuntes--选择Absolute--选择时间2015-5-15到2015-5-22,返回,查看结果
技术图片
6)除了柱状图,Kibana还支持很多种展示方式,选择visualize--Forms a new Search
查看前六名访问网页的国家:
buckets--Split Slices --Terms--Fieled--geo.rsc--Count-Size(6)
查看访问网页的人都用什么操作系统的机器
buckets--小按钮折叠上一个--Split Slices --Terms--Fieled--machine.os--Count-Size(前5)
 
2. 综合练习
练习插件
安装一台Apache服务并配置
使用filebeat收集Apache服务器的日志
使用grok处理filebeat发送过来的日志
存入elasticsearch
 
2.1 安装logstash
1)配置主机名,ip和yum源,配置/etc/hosts(请把se1-se5和kibana主机配置和logstash一样的/etc/hosts)
logstash ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.61 se1
192.168.1.62 se2
192.168.1.63 se3
192.168.1.64 se4
192.168.1.65 se5
192.168.1.66 kibana
192.168.1.67 logstash
 
2)安装java-1.8.0-openjdk和logstash
logstash ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk
logstash ~]# yum -y install logstash
logstash ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_131"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b12)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b12, mixed mode)
 
logstash ~]# touch /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash  --version
logstash 2.3.4
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash-plugin list //查看插件
...
logstash-input-stdin    //标准输入插件
logstash-output-stdout    //标准输出插件
...
 
logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
input{
    stdin{
   }
}
filter{
}
output{
    stdout{
   }
}
 
//启动并测试
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
aa
2019-03-01T08:36:25.227Z logstash aa
bb
2019-03-01T08:36:29.282Z logstash bb
备注:若不会写配置文件可以找帮助,插件文档的位置:
 
3)codec类插件
logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
input{
    stdin{
    codec => "json"        //输入设置为编码json
   }
}
filter{
}
output{
    stdout{
    codec => "rubydebug"   //输出设置为rubydebug
   }
}
 
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf 
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
{"a":1}(手打)
{
             "a" => 1,
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T08:39:23.978Z",
          "host" => "logstash"
}
 
4)file模块插件
logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
input{
  file {
    path          => [ "/tmp/a.log", "/var/tmp/b.log" ]
   sincedb_path   => "/var/lib/logstash/sincedb" //记录读取文件的位置
   start_position => "beginning"   //配置第一次读取文件从什么地方开始
   type           => "testlog"  //类型名称
  }
}
filter{
}
output{
    stdout{
    codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
 
logstash ~]# touch /tmp/a.log
logstash ~]# touch /var/tmp/b.log
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
(已经在检测中)
 
另开一个终端:写入数据
logstash ~]# echo a1 > /tmp/a.log 
logstash ~]# echo b1 > /var/tmp/b.log
 
显示数据:
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
{
       "message" => "a1",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T08:43:38.633Z",
          "path" => "/tmp/a.log",
          "host" => "logstash",
          "type" => "testlog"
}
{
       "message" => "b1",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T08:43:52.671Z",
          "path" => "/var/tmp/b.log",
          "host" => "logstash",
          "type" => "testlog"
}
    
5)tcp、udp模块插件
logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
input{
  file {
    path          => [ "/tmp/a.log", "/var/tmp/b.log" ]
   sincedb_path   => "/var/lib/logstash/sincedb"
   start_position => "beginning"
   type           => "testlog"
  }
  tcp {
     host => "0.0.0.0"
     port => "8888"
     type => "tcplog"
}
   udp {
     host => "0.0.0.0"
     port => "9999"
     type => "udplog"
}
}
filter{
}
output{
    stdout{
    codec => "rubydebug"
}
 
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf 
//启动,监控中
 
另开一个终端查看,可以看到端口
logstash tmp]# netstat -antup | grep 8888
tcp6       0      0 :::8888                 :::*                    LISTEN      22191/java          
logstash tmp]# netstat -antup | grep 9999
udp6       0      0 :::9999                 :::*                                22191/java
 
在另一台主机上写一个脚本,发送数据,使启动的logstash可以接收到数据
se5 ~]# vim tcp.sh
function sendmsg(){
  if [[ "$1" == "tcp" ]];then
         exec 9<>/dev/tcp/192.168.1.67/8888
   else
         exec 9<>/dev/udp/192.168.1.67/9999
   fi
      echo "$2" >&9
      exec 9<&-
}
se5 ~]# . tcp.sh        //重新载入一下
se5 ~]# sendmsg udp "is tcp test" 
se5 ~]# sendmsg udp "is tcp ss"
 
logstash主机查看结果
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
{
       "message" => "is tcp test\n",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T08:50:39.921Z",
          "type" => "udplog",
          "host" => "192.168.1.65"
}
{
       "message" => "is tcp ss\n",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T08:50:55.608Z",
          "type" => "udplog",
          "host" => "192.168.1.65"
}
 
6)syslog插件练习
logstash ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep syslog
rsyslog.service                               enabled 
syslog.socket                                 static  
 
logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
input{
  file {
    path          => [ "/tmp/a.log", "/var/tmp/b.log" ]
  sincedb_path   => "/var/lib/logstash/sincedb"
  start_position => "beginning"
   type           => "testlog"
  }
  tcp {
     host => "0.0.0.0"
     port => "8888"
     type => "tcplog"
}
   udp {
     host => "0.0.0.0"
     port => "9999"
     type => "udplog"
}
  syslog {
     port => "514"
     type => "syslog"
  }
}
filter{
}
output{
    stdout{
    codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
logstash]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
开启检测
 
另一个终端查看是否检测到514
logstash ~]# netstat -antup | grep 514
cp6    0  0 :::514    :::*   LISTEN  1278/java
udp6   0  0 :::514    :::*           1278/java
 
另一台主机上面操作,本地写的日志本地可以查看
se5 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
local0.info   /var/log/mylog      //自己添加这一行
se5 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog //重启rsyslog
se5 ~]# ll /var/log/mylog        //提示没有那个文件或目录
 
se5 ~]# logger -p local0.info -t nsd "elk"   //写日志
se5 ~]# ll /var/log/mylog        //再次查看,有文件
-rw------- 1 root root 29 3月   1 17:05 /var/log/mylog
se5 ~]# tail /var/log/mylog   //可以查看到写的日志
Mar  1 17:05:02 se5 nsd: elk
 
se5 ~]# tail /var/log/messages  
//可以查看到写的日志,因为配置文件里有写以.info结尾的可以收到
...
Mar  1 17:05:02 se5 nsd: elk
 
把本地的日志发送给远程1.67
se5 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
local0.info  @192.168.1.67:514 (添加这行)
//写一个@或两个@@都可以,一个@代表udp,两个@@代表tcp
 
se5 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog
se5 ~]# logger -p local0.info -t nds "001 elk"
 
logstash检测到写的日志
{
           "message" => "001 elk",
          "@version" => "1",
        "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T09:11:12.000Z",
              "type" => "syslog",
              "host" => "192.168.1.65",
          "priority" => 134,
         "timestamp" => "Mar  1 17:11:12",
         "logsource" => "se5",
           "program" => "nds",
          "severity" => 6,
          "facility" => 16,
    "facility_label" => "local0",
    "severity_label" => "Informational"
}
 
rsyslog.conf配置向远程发送数据,远程登陆1.65的时侯,把登陆日志的信息(/var/log/secure)转发给logstash即1.67这台机器
se5 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
57 authpriv.*    @@192.168.1.67:514
//57行的/var/log/secure改为@@192.168.1.67:514 
se5 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog
 
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf  
//找一台主机登录1.65,logstash主机会有数据
 
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
{
           "message" => "Accepted publickey for root from 192.168.1.254 port 40954 ssh2: RSA SHA256:+bNE5YtlrU+NbKSDeszQXuk2C8Dc0si6BMbKVybe4Ig\n",
          "@version" => "1",
        "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T09:15:31.000Z",
              "type" => "syslog",
              "host" => "192.168.1.65",
          "priority" => 86,
         "timestamp" => "Mar  1 17:15:31",
         "logsource" => "se5",
           "program" => "sshd",
               "pid" => "968",
          "severity" => 6,
          "facility" => 10,
    "facility_label" => "security/authorization",
    "severity_label" => "Informational"
}
{
           "message" => "pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)\n",
          "@version" => "1",
        "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T09:15:31.000Z",
              "type" => "syslog",
              "host" => "192.168.1.65",
          "priority" => 86,
         "timestamp" => "Mar  1 17:15:31",
         "logsource" => "se5",
           "program" => "sshd",
               "pid" => "968",
          "severity" => 6,
          "facility" => 10,
    "facility_label" => "security/authorization",
    "severity_label" => "Informational"
}
 
7)filter grok插件
grok插件:
解析各种非结构化的日志数据插件
grok使用正则表达式把非结构化的数据结构化
在分组匹配,正则表达式需要根据具体数据结构编写
虽然编写困难,但适用性极广
 
logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
input{
        stdin{ codec => "json" }
  file {
    path          => [ "/tmp/a.log", "/var/tmp/b.log" ]
   sincedb_path   => "/var/lib/logstash/sincedb"
   start_position => "beginning"
   type           => "testlog"
  }
  tcp {
     host => "0.0.0.0"
     port => "8888"
     type => "tcplog"
}
   udp {
     host => "0.0.0.0"
     port => "9999"
     type => "udplog"
}
  syslog {
     port => "514"
     type => "syslog"
  }
}
filter{
   grok{
        match => ["message", "(?<key>reg)"]
  }
}
output{
    stdout{
    codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
 
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
开启检测
 
se5 ~]# yum -y install httpd
se5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
se5 ~]# vim /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.1.254 - - [15/Sep/2018:18:25:46 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 4897 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"
 
新开窗口,复制/var/log/httpd/access_log的日志到logstash下的/tmp/a.log
logstash ~]# vim /tmp/a.log
192.168.1.254 - - [15/Sep/2018:18:25:46 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 4897 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"
 
//出现message的日志,但是没有解析是什么意思
{
       "message" => ".168.1.254 - - [15/Sep/2018:18:25:46 +0800] \"GET / HTTP/1.1\" 403 4897 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0\"",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-01T09:38:24.428Z",
          "path" => "/tmp/a.log",
          "host" => "logstash",
          "type" => "testlog",
          "tags" => [
        [0] "_grokparsefailure"
    ]
}
 
若要解决没有解析的问题,同样的方法把日志复制到/tmp/a.log,logstash.conf配置文件里面修改grok
查找正则宏路径
logstash ~]# cd  /opt/logstash/vendor/bundle/
bundle]# vim grok-patterns  //查找COMBINEDAPACHELOG
COMBINEDAPACHELOG %{COMMONAPACHELOG} %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}
logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
...
filter{
   grok{
        match => ["message", "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}"]
  }
}
...
解析出的结果
logstash ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf  
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
{
        "message" => "192.168.1.254 - - [15/Sep/2018:18:25:46 +0800] \"GET /noindex/css/open-sans.css HTTP/1.1\" 200 5081 \"http://192.168.1.65/\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0\"",
       "@version" => "1",
     "@timestamp" => "2018-09-15T10:55:57.743Z",
           "path" => "/tmp/a.log",
           "host" => "logstash",
           "type" => "testlog",
       "clientip" => "192.168.1.254",
          "ident" => "-",
           "auth" => "-",
      "timestamp" => "15/Sep/2018:18:25:46 +0800",
           "verb" => "GET",
        "request" => "/noindex/css/open-sans.css",
    "httpversion" => "1.1",
       "response" => "200",
          "bytes" => "5081",
       "referrer" => "\"http://192.168.1.65/\"",
          "agent" => "\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0\""
}
 
2.2 安装Apache服务,用filebeat收集Apache服务器的日志,存入elasticsearch
 
1)在之前安装了Apache的主机上面安装filebeat
se5 ~]# yum -y install filebeat
se5 ~]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
paths:
    - /var/log/httpd/access_log   //日志的路径,短横线加空格代表yml格式
document_type: apachelog    //文档类型
elasticsearch:              //加上注释
hosts: ["localhost:9200"]   //加上注释
logstash:                   //去掉注释
hosts: ["192.168.1.67:5044"]     //去掉注释,logstash那台主机的ip
se5 ~]# systemctl start filebeat
 
logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
input{
        stdin{ codec => "json" }
        beats{
            port => 5044
}
  file {
    path          => [ "/tmp/a.log", "/var/tmp/b.log" ]
   sincedb_path   => "/dev/null"
   start_position => "beginning"
   type           => "testlog"
  }
  tcp {
     host => "0.0.0.0"
     port => "8888"
     type => "tcplog"
}
   udp {
     host => "0.0.0.0"
     port => "9999"
     type => "udplog"
}
  syslog {
     port => "514"
     type => "syslog"
  }
}
filter{
if [type] == "apachelog"{
   grok{
        match => ["message", "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}"]
  }}
}
output{
      stdout{ codec => "rubydebug" }
      if [type] == "filelog"{
      elasticsearch {
          hosts => ["192.168.1.61:9200", "192.168.1.62:9200"]
          index => "filelog"
          flush_size => 2000
          idle_flush_time => 10
      }}
}
 
logstash]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
打开另一终端查看5044是否成功启动
logstash ~]# netstat -antup | grep 5044
 
se5 ~]# firefox 192.168.1.65  //ip为安装filebeat的那台机器
回到原来的终端,有数据
 
2)修改logstash.conf文件
logstash]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.conf
...
output{
      stdout{ codec => "rubydebug" }
      if [type] == "apachelog"{
      elasticsearch {
          hosts => ["192.168.1.61:9200", "192.168.1.62:9200"]
          index => "apachelog"
          flush_size => 2000
          idle_flush_time => 10
      }}
}
浏览器访问Elasticsearch,有apachelog
技术图片
##########################
知识点整理:

01:Kibana 数据展示
02:Logstash 数据采集、加工处理即传输的工具
所有类型的数据集中处理
不同模式和模式数据的正常化
自定义日志格式的迅速扩展
为自定义数据源轻松添加插件
input-->filter-->output

03:Logstash配置扩展插件
codec,input file,sincedb_path(日志读取起始位置),syslog(获取系统日志),filter grok 解析各种非结构化的日志数据插件
www.jinbuguo.com(帮助文档汉化)

04:filebeat(c语言编写,安装在每台web服务器上)将web日志发送给logstash(的beats模块)

六、Kibana使用、logstash扩展插件

标签:opened   set   auth   emc   dev   file   iba   自定义日志   提示   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mkmkmk/p/12185990.html

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